Energy balance and thermogenesis in rats consuming nonstarch polysaccharides of various fermentabilities

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 68, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 802-819

  Smith, Tracy ^a   Brown, Jacqueline C ^a   Livesey, Geoffrey ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF FOOD RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Energy balance; Energy value; Fermentability; Humans; Nonstarch polysaccharide; Rats; Thermogenesis

Indexed keywords

CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDE; STARCH;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; CALCULATION; CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; ENERGY BALANCE; ENERGY METABOLISM; ENERGY TRANSFER; FERMENTATION; NONHUMAN; RAT; THERMOGENESIS;

EID: 0031709033     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/68.4.802     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Rubner M. Die Gezets des Energieverbrauchs bei der Ernährung. (The law of energy consumption during food intake.) Leipzig, Germany: Franz Deuticke, 1902 (in German).
2. Scheimann R, Nehring K, Hoffman L, Jentsch W, Chudy A. Energetische Futterbewertung und Enegienormen. (Energy evaluation of feedstuffs and energy values.) Berlin: Deutsche Landwirtschaftverlag, 1971 (in German).
3. Steiniger J. Untersuchungen zum tagesenergieumsatz und zur Nährugsinduzierten thermogenese bei Adipositas. (Investigation on the daily energy consumption and diet-induced thermogenesis for fattening.) PhD dissertation. Berlin: Akademie Wissenschaft, Germany, 1983 (in German).
4. Hoffmann L, Klein M, Schiemann R. Untersuchungen an ratten zur nahrstoffabhnagigkeit des energieerhaltungsbeddarfs. (Investigations in rats on nutrient requirements for energy balance.) Anim Nutr (Berlin) 1986;11:981-93 (in German).
5. Livesey G. The energy equivalents of ATP and the energy values of food proteins and fats. Br J Nutr 1984;54:15-28.
6. Blaxter KL. Energy metabolism in animals and man. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
7. McCance RA, Widdowson EH. The composition of foods. 2nd ed. London: Medical Research Council, 1946.
8. Southgate DAT, Durnin JVGA. Calorie conversion factors: an experimental reassessment of the factors used in the calculation of the energy value of human diets. Br J Nutr 1970;24:517-35.
9. Livesey G, Elia M. Short-chain fatty acids as an energy source in the colon: metabolism and clinical implications. In: Cummings JH, Rombeau JL, Sakata T, eds. Physiological and clinical aspects of short-chain fatty acids. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1995:427-93.
10. British Nutrition Foundation. Complex carbohydrates in foods. The report of the British Nutrition Foundation's Task Force. London: Chapman Hall, 1990.
11. Livesey G. Energy values of unavailable carbohydrates and diets: an inquiry and analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:617-37.
12. Livesey G. Calculating the energy values of foods: towards new empirical formulae based on diets with varied intakes of unavailable carbohydrates. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:1-12.
13. Livesey G. Metabolizable energy of macronutrients. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62(suppl):1135S-1142S.
14. Food and Drug Administration. Nutrition labeling of foodstuffs. Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (21CF). Fed Regist 1993;53:2175.
15. Livesey G, Smith T, Eggum BO, et al. Determination of the energy values and fermentabilities of dietary fiber supplements: a European interlaboratory study in vivo. Br J Nutr 1995;74:289-302.
16. Behall KM, Howe JC. Contribution of fiber and resistant starch to metabolizable energy. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62(suppl):1158S-60S.
17. Davies IR, Brown JC, Livesey G. Energy value and energy balance in rats fed on supplements of guar gum or cellulose. Br J Nutr 1991;65:415-32.
18. Brown JC, Livesey G. Energy balance and expenditure while consuming guar gum at various fat intakes and ambient temperatures. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:956-64.
19. Livesey G, Brown JC. D-Tagatose - a bulk sweetener with zero energy determined in rats. J Nutr 1996;126:1601-9.
20. Emmans G. Effective energy: a concept of energy utilization applied across species. Br J Nutr 1994;71:801-21.
21. Dutch Nutrition Council. The energy value of sugar alcohols. Recommendations of the Committee on Polyols. The Hague: Voedingstraad. 1987.
22. Bär A. Factorial calculation model for the estimation of the physiological caloric values of polyols. In: Hosoya N, ed. Caloric evaluation of carbohydrates. Tokyo: Research Foundation for Sugar Metabolism, 1990:209-57.
23. van Es AJH. Dietary energy density on using sugar alcohols as replacement for sugar. Proc Nutr Soc 1991;50:383-90.
24. Livesey G. Determinants of energy density with conventional foods and artificial feeds. Proc Nutr Soc 1991;50:371-82.
25. Livesey G. The energy values of dietary fiber and sugar alcohols for man. Nutr Res Rev 1992;5:61-84.
26. Livesey G. Comments on the methods used to determine the energy values of carbohydrates: dietary fiber, sugar alcohols and other bulking agents. Int J Food Sci Nutr 1993;44:221-41.
27. Livesey G, Brown JC. Whole body metabolism is not restricted to D-sugars because energy metabolism of L-sugars fits a computational model in rats. J Nutr 1995;125:3020-9.
28. Clark HE, Coats ME, Eva JK, et al. Dietary standards for laboratory animals: report of the Laboratory Animals Centre Dietary Advisory Committee. Lab Anim 1977;11:1-28.
29. Englyst HN, Cummings JC. Improved method for measurement of dietary fiber as non-starch polysaccharide in plant foods. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1988;71:808-14.
30. Pullar JD, Webster AJF. The energy cost of fat and protein deposition in the rat. Br J Nutr 1977;37:355-63.
31. Livesey G. Fibre as energy in man. In: Kritchevsky D, Bonefield C, eds, Dietary fiber in health and disease. St Paul: Eagan Press, 1995:46-57.
32. Tetens I, Livesey G, Eggum BO. Effects of type and level of dietary fiber supplements on nitrogen retention and excretion patterns. Br J Nutr 1996;75:461-9.
33. Merrill AL; Watt BK. Energy values of foods: basis and derivation. USDA handbook 74. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1973.
34. Domalski ES. Selected values of the heats of combustion and heats of formation of organic compounds containing the elements C, H, N, O, P, and S. J Phys Chem Ref Data 1992;1:221-77.
35. Fahey GC, Jung HG. Lignin as a marker in digestion studies - a review. J Anim Sci 1983;57:220-5.
36. Fukushima RS, Dehority BA, Loerch SC. Modification of a colorimetric analysis of lignin on forage digestibility by ruminant microorganisms. J Anim Sci 1991;69:295-304.
37. Livesey G. Procedure for calculating of the digestible and metabolizable energy values of food components making a small contribution to dietary intake. J Sci Food Agric 1989;48:475-81.
38. Livesey G. Energy value of resistant starch. In: Asp N-G, van Amelsvoort JMM, Hautvast JGAJ, eds. Proceedings of the concluding plenary meeting of EURESTA. European Flair Concerted Action No. 11 (Cost 911). Brussels: European Commission, 1995:56-62.
39. Montgomery DC. Design and analysis of experiments. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1991.
40. Altman DG. Practical statistics for medical students. London: Chapman and Hall, 1991.
41. Life Sciences Research Office. The evaluation of the energy of certain sugar alcohols used as food ingredients. Bethesda, MD: Life Sciences Research Office, Federation of the American Societies for Experimental Biology, 1994.
42. Bernier JJ, Pascal G. Energetic value of polyols. Med Nutr 1990;26:221-38.
43. van Es AJH. Dietary energy density on using sugar alcohols as replacements for sugars. Proc Nutr Soc 1990;50:383-90.
44. Brown D, Livesey G, Dauncey MJ. Influence of mild cold on the components of 24 hour thermogenesis in rats. J Physiol 1991;441:137-54.
45. Morris ER. Physico-chemical properties of food polysaccharides. In: Schweizer T, Edwards C, eds. Dietary fiber - a component of food. London: Springer-Verlag, 1992:41-56.
46. Livesey G. Implications of plant polysaccharides for human health, especially obesity. Food Hydrocolloids 1991;5:23-9.
47. Livesey G. The impact of complex carbohydrates on energy balance. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995;43(suppl):S89-96.