Asymmetric bipedal locomotion - An adaptive response to incomplete spinal injury in the chick

Experimental Brain Research

Volumn 122, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 275-282

  Muir, Gillian D ^a,b   Katz, Stephen L ^a   Gosline, John M ^a   Steeves, John D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bird; Ground reaction force; Hemisection; Locomotion; Spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CHICKEN; CONTROLLED STUDY; FORCE; GAIT; LOCOMOTION; NEWBORN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPINAL CORD INJURY; THORACIC SPINAL CORD; WALKING SPEED;

ANIMALS; ANKLE JOINT; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; BIOMECHANICS; CHICKENS; DENERVATION; GAIT; KNEE JOINT; LOCOMOTION; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL CORD INJURIES;

EID: 0031697775     PISSN: 00144819     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s002210050515     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Alexander RMcN, Jayes AS (1983) A dynamic similarity hypothesis tor the gaits of quadrupedal mammals. J Zool (Lond) 201:135-152
2. Bekoff A (1992) Neuroethological approaches to the study of motor development in chicks: achievements and challenges. J Neurobiol 23:1486-1505
3. Bekoff A, Kauer JA (1984) Neural control of hatching: fate of the pattern generator for the leg movements of hatching in post-hatching chicks. J Neurosci 4:2659-2666
4. Bekoff A, Nusbaum MP, Sabichi AL, Clifford M (1987) Neural control of limb coordination. I. Comparison of hatching and walking motor output patterns in normal and deafferented chicks. J Neurosci 7:2320-2330
5. Bekoff A, Kauer JA, Fulstone A, Summers TR (1989) Neural control of limb coordination. II. Hatching and walking motor output patterns in the absence of input from the brain. Exp Brain Res 74:609-617
6. Carlsoo S, Dalhof A, Holm J (1974) Kinetic analysis of the gait in patients with hemiparesis and in patients with intermediate claudication. Scand J Rehab Med 6:166-179
7. Cavagna GA, Heglund NC, Taylor CR (1977) Mechanical work in terrestrial locomotion: two basic mechanisms for minimizing energy expenditure. Am J Physiol 233:R243-R261
8. Duysens J, Pearson KG (1976) The role of cutaneous afferents from the distal hindlimb in the regulation of the step cycle of thalamic cats. Exp Brain Res 24:245-255
9. Duysens J, Stein RB (1978) Reflexes induced by nerve stimulation in walking cat with implanted cuff electrodes. Exp Brain Res 32:213-224
10. Finch L, Barbeau H (1986) Hemiplegic gait: new treatment strategies. Physiother Can 38:36-12
11. Gatesy SM, Biewener AA (1991) Bipedal locomotion: effects of speed, size and limb posture in birds and humans. J Zool (Lond) 224:127-147
12. Hayes G, Alexander RMcN (1983) The hopping gaits of crows (Corvidae) and other bipeds. J Zool (Lond) 200:205-213
13. Heglund NC, Taylor CR (1988) Speed, stride frequency and energy cost per stride: how do these change with body size and gait. J Exp Biol 138:301-318
14. Heglund NC, Cavagna GA, Taylor CR (1982) Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. III. Energy changes of the centre of mass as a function of speed and body size in birds and mammals. J Exp Biol 79:41-56
15. Hoyt DF, Taylor CR (1981) Gait and the energetics of locomotion in horses. Nature 292:239-240
16. Johnston RM, Bekoff A (1992) Constrained and flexible features of rhythmical hindlimb movements in chicks: kinematic profiles of walking, swimming and airstepping. J Exp Biol 171: 43-66
17. Mizrahi J, Susak Z, Heller L, Najenson T (1982) Objective expression of gait improvement of hemiplegics during rehabilitation by time-distance parameters of the stride. Med Biol Eng Comp 20:628-634
18. Muir GD, Steeves JD (1995) Phasic cutaneous input facilitates locomotor recovery after incomplete spinal injury in the chick. J Neurophysiol 74:358-368
19. Muir GD, Gosline JM, Steeves JD (1996) Ontogeny of bipedal locomotion: running and walking in the chick. J Physiol (Lond) 493:589-601
20. Murray MP (1967) Gait as a total pattern of movement. Am J Phys Med 46:290-330
21. Olney SJ, Monga TN, Costigan PA (1986) Mechanical energy of walking of stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 67:92-98
22. Olney SJ, Costigan PA, Hedden DM (1987) Mechanical energy patterns in gait of cerebral palsied children with hemiplegia. Phys Ther 67:1348-1354
23. Olney SJ, Griffin MP, McBride ID (1994) Temporal, kinematic and kinetic variables related to gait speed in subjects with hemiplegia: a regression approach. Phys Ther 74:872-885
24. Pearson KG, Collins DF (1993) Reversal of the influence of group 1b afferents from plantaris on activity in medial gastroenemius muscle during locomotor activity. J Neurophysiol 70:1009-1017
25. Roberts TJ, Marsh RL, Weyand PG, Taylor CR (1997) Muscular force in running turkeys: the economy of minimizing work. Science 275:1113-1115
26. Tesio L, Civaschi P, Tessari L (1985) Motion of the centre of gravity of the body in clinical evaluation of gait. Am J Phys Med 64:57-70
27. Whitall J (1989) A developmental study of the interlimb coordination in running and galloping. J Mot Behav 21:409-428