메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 723-740

Community-acquired pneumonia: Epidemiology, etiology, treatment

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CEPHALOSPORIN; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; ERYTHROMYCIN; IMIPENEM; MACROLIDE;

EID: 0031689756     PISSN: 08915520     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70207-5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (86)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 0022527085 scopus 로고
    • Excess pneumonia and influenza associated hospitalization during influenza epidemics in the United States
    • W.H. Basker Excess pneumonia and influenza associated hospitalization during influenza epidemics in the United States Am J Public Health 76 1986 761
    • (1986) Am J Public Health , vol.76 , pp. 761
    • Basker, W.H.1
  • 3
    • 85101729937 scopus 로고
    • Chlamydia-like obligate parasite of free-living amoebae
    • R.J. Birtles T.J. Rowbotham C. Storey Chlamydia-like obligate parasite of free-living amoebae Lancet 349 1977 925
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 925
    • Birtles, R.J.1    Rowbotham, T.J.2    Storey, C.3
  • 4
    • 0030992112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bottle-blowing in hospital treated patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • M. Bjorkqvist B. Wiberg L. Bodin Bottle-blowing in hospital treated patients with community-acquired pneumonia Scand J Infect Dis 29 1997 77
    • (1997) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.29 , pp. 77
    • Bjorkqvist, M.1    Wiberg, B.2    Bodin, L.3
  • 5
    • 0029055112 scopus 로고
    • Aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study among adults requiring admission to hospital
    • Bohte R. van Furth R. van den Broek P.J. Aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study among adults requiring admission to hospital Thorax 50 1995 543
    • (1995) Thorax , vol.50 , pp. 543
    • Bohte, R.1    van Furth, R.2    van den Broek, P.J.3
  • 6
    • 0027907352 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults admitted to hospital
    • British Thoracic Society, London Guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults admitted to hospital Br J Hosp Med 49 1993 346
    • (1993) Br J Hosp Med , vol.49 , pp. 346
    • British Thoracic Society, London,1
  • 7
    • 0026504469 scopus 로고
    • The aetiology, management and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia on the intensive care unit
    • British Thoracic Society Research Committee The aetiology, management and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia on the intensive care unit Respir Med 86 1992 7
    • (1992) Respir Med , vol.86 , pp. 7
    • British Thoracic Society Research Committee1
  • 8
    • 0028096919 scopus 로고
    • Microbiology of community-acquired pneumonia in persons with and at risk for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Implications for rational empiric antibiotic therapy
    • J.H. Burack J.A. Hahn D. Saint-Maurice Microbiology of community-acquired pneumonia in persons with and at risk for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Implications for rational empiric antibiotic therapy Arch Intern Med 154 1994 2589
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 2589
    • Burack, J.H.1    Hahn, J.A.2    Saint-Maurice, D.3
  • 9
    • 0025873204 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of pneumonia by cultures, bacterial and viral antigen detection tests, and serology with special reference to antibodies against pneumococcal antigens
    • L.A. Burman B. Trollfors B. Andersson Diagnosis of pneumonia by cultures, bacterial and viral antigen detection tests, and serology with special reference to antibodies against pneumococcal antigens J Infect Dis 163 1993 1087
    • (1993) J Infect Dis , vol.163 , pp. 1087
    • Burman, L.A.1    Trollfors, B.2    Andersson, B.3
  • 10
    • 0029999550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The continued emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: An update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's pneumococcal sentinel surveillance system
    • J.C. Butler J. Hofman M.S. Cetron The continued emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: An update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's pneumococcal sentinel surveillance system J Infect Dis 174 1996 986
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.174 , pp. 986
    • Butler, J.C.1    Hofman, J.2    Cetron, M.S.3
  • 11
    • 0027133536 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial pneumonia in adult populations with human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus infection
    • W.T. Caiaffa N.M.H. Graham D. Vlahov Bacterial pneumonia in adult populations with human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus infection Am J Epidemiol 138 1993 909
    • (1993) Am J Epidemiol , vol.138 , pp. 909
    • Caiaffa, W.T.1    Graham, N.M.H.2    Vlahov, D.3
  • 12
    • 0028100955 scopus 로고
    • Interim report on drug utilization review of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia: Clinical bacteriological and radiological spectrum
    • C.W. Chow N. Senathiragah M. Rawji Interim report on drug utilization review of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia: Clinical bacteriological and radiological spectrum Can J Infect Dis 5 Suppl C 1994 20
    • (1994) Can J Infect Dis , vol.5 , Issue.Suppl C , pp. 20
    • Chow, C.W.1    Senathiragah, N.2    Rawji, M.3
  • 13
    • 0021245941 scopus 로고
    • Management of pneumonia in the prospective payment era
    • P. Dans P.C. Charache M. Fahey Management of pneumonia in the prospective payment era Arch Intern Med 144 1984 1392
    • (1984) Arch Intern Med , vol.144 , pp. 1392
    • Dans, P.1    Charache, P.C.2    Fahey, M.3
  • 14
    • 0021884126 scopus 로고
    • Economic costs of respiratory tract infections in the United States
    • R.E. Dixon Economic costs of respiratory tract infections in the United States Am J Med 78 1985 45
    • (1985) Am J Med , vol.78 , pp. 45
    • Dixon, R.E.1
  • 15
    • 0029737098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory syncytial virus is an important cause of community-acquired lower respiratory infection among hospitalized adults
    • S.F. Dowell L.J. Anderson Gary H.E. Jr Respiratory syncytial virus is an important cause of community-acquired lower respiratory infection among hospitalized adults J Infect Dis 174 1996 456
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.174 , pp. 456
    • Dowell, S.F.1    Anderson, L.J.2    Gary, H.E.3
  • 17
    • 85119803510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erard Ph, Moser F, Wenger A, et al: Prospective study on community-acquired pneumonia diagnosed and followed up by private practitioners [abstract]. CHUV, Luzanne, Switzerland; Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Am Soc Microbiol, Washington, DC, 1991
  • 18
    • 11944258698 scopus 로고
    • New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy
    • G.D. Fang M. Fine J. Orleff New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy Medicine 69 1990 307
    • (1990) Medicine , vol.69 , pp. 307
    • Fang, G.D.1    Fine, M.2    Orleff, J.3
  • 19
    • 0015140468 scopus 로고
    • Bacteria, viruses, and mycoplasmas in acute pneumonia in adults
    • F.R. Fekety J. Caldwell D. Gump Bacteria, viruses, and mycoplasmas in acute pneumonia in adults Am Rev Respir Dis 104 1971 499
    • (1971) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.104 , pp. 499
    • Fekety, F.R.1    Caldwell, J.2    Gump, D.3
  • 20
    • 0343852343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia
    • File T.M. Jr J. Segrete L. Dunbar A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia Antimicrobial Agents Chemother 41 1997 1965
    • (1997) Antimicrobial Agents Chemother , vol.41 , pp. 1965
    • File, T.M.1    Segrete, J.2    Dunbar, L.3
  • 21
    • 0029311761 scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia: The impact of antibiotic resistance on its management
    • R.G. Finch Pneumonia: The impact of antibiotic resistance on its management Microbial Drug Resist 1 1995 149
    • (1995) Microbial Drug Resist , vol.1 , pp. 149
    • Finch, R.G.1
  • 22
    • 0030031642 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • M.J. Fine S. Murtha M. Smith Prognosis and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia JAMA 275 1995 134
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 134
    • Fine, M.J.1    Murtha, S.2    Smith, M.3
  • 23
    • 0025898979 scopus 로고
    • Aspiration pneumonia
    • S.M. Finegold Aspiration pneumonia Rev Infect Dis 13 Suppl 9 1991 737
    • (1991) Rev Infect Dis , vol.13 , Issue.Suppl 9 , pp. 737
    • Finegold, S.M.1
  • 24
    • 0018749177 scopus 로고
    • Rates of pneumonia during influenza epidemics in Seattle, 1964 to 1975
    • H.M. Foy M.K. Cooney I. Allan Rates of pneumonia during influenza epidemics in Seattle, 1964 to 1975 JAMA 241 1979 253
    • (1979) JAMA , vol.241 , pp. 253
    • Foy, H.M.1    Cooney, M.K.2    Allan, I.3
  • 25
    • 0018133739 scopus 로고
    • Differences in etiology of pneumonias in nursing home and community patients
    • J.L. Garb R.B. Brown J.R. Garb Differences in etiology of pneumonias in nursing home and community patients JAMA 240 1978 2169
    • (1978) JAMA , vol.240 , pp. 2169
    • Garb, J.L.1    Brown, R.B.2    Garb, J.R.3
  • 26
    • 0030982156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical outcomes and antimicrobial costs with use of American Thoracic Society Guidelines for outpatients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • P.P. Gleason W.N. Kapoor R.A. Stone Medical outcomes and antimicrobial costs with use of American Thoracic Society Guidelines for outpatients with community-acquired pneumonia JAMA 278 1997 32
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 32
    • Gleason, P.P.1    Kapoor, W.N.2    Stone, R.A.3
  • 27
    • 0027935501 scopus 로고
    • An epidemic of pneumococcal disease in an overcrowded inadequately ventilated jail
    • C.W. Hoge M.R. Reichler E.A. Dominguez An epidemic of pneumococcal disease in an overcrowded inadequately ventilated jail N Engl J Med 331 1994 643
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 643
    • Hoge, C.W.1    Reichler, M.R.2    Dominguez, E.A.3
  • 28
    • 0027506107 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: Comparison between bronchoalveolar lavage and telescoping plugged catheter cultures
    • P. Jiménez F. Saldias M. Meneses Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: Comparison between bronchoalveolar lavage and telescoping plugged catheter cultures Chest 103 1993 1023
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , pp. 1023
    • Jiménez, P.1    Saldias, F.2    Meneses, M.3
  • 29
    • 0030887439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can antimicrobial activity be sustained? An appraisal of orally administered drugs used for respiratory tract infections
    • R.N. Jones Can antimicrobial activity be sustained? An appraisal of orally administered drugs used for respiratory tract infections Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 27 1997 21
    • (1997) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.27 , pp. 21
    • Jones, R.N.1
  • 30
    • 0028819740 scopus 로고
    • The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized patients during a Chlamydia pneumoniae epidemic in Finland
    • M.T. Kauppinen E. Herva P. Kujala The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized patients during a Chlamydia pneumoniae epidemic in Finland J Infect Dis 172 1995 1330
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.172 , pp. 1330
    • Kauppinen, M.T.1    Herva, E.2    Kujala, P.3
  • 31
    • 0003184628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreaks of pneumococcal pneumonia among unvaccinated residents in chronic-care facilities - Massachusetts, October 1995, Oklahoma, February 1996 and Maryland, May–June 1996
    • P. Kludit S.M. Lett A. DeMarie Outbreaks of pneumococcal pneumonia among unvaccinated residents in chronic-care facilities - Massachusetts, October 1995, Oklahoma, February 1996 and Maryland, May–June 1996 MMWR 46 1997 60
    • (1997) MMWR , vol.46 , pp. 60
    • Kludit, P.1    Lett, S.M.2    DeMarie, A.3
  • 32
    • 0028329032 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for pneumonia in the elderly
    • I. Koivula M. Sten P.H. Makela Risk factors for pneumonia in the elderly Am J Med 96 1994 313
    • (1994) Am J Med , vol.96 , pp. 313
    • Koivula, I.1    Sten, M.2    Makela, P.H.3
  • 33
    • 0000273136 scopus 로고
    • Serological investigation of pneumonia as it presents to the physician's office
    • D.B. Langille L. Yates T.J. Marrie Serological investigation of pneumonia as it presents to the physician's office Can J Infect Dis 4 1993 328
    • (1993) Can J Infect Dis , vol.4 , pp. 328
    • Langille, D.B.1    Yates, L.2    Marrie, T.J.3
  • 34
    • 0028889934 scopus 로고
    • A five-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on prognosis in patients admitted to an intensive care unit
    • O. Leroy C. Santré C. Beurcart A five-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on prognosis in patients admitted to an intensive care unit Intensive Care Med 21 1995 24
    • (1995) Intensive Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 24
    • Leroy, O.1    Santré, C.2    Beurcart, C.3
  • 35
    • 0023864119 scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia. Importance of initial noninvasive bacteriologic and radiographic investigations
    • M. Levy F. Dromer N. Brion F. Letundu Community-acquired pneumonia. Importance of initial noninvasive bacteriologic and radiographic investigations Chest 92 1988 43
    • (1988) Chest , vol.92 , pp. 43
    • Levy, M.1    Dromer, F.2    Brion, N.3    Letundu, F.4
  • 36
    • 0028229519 scopus 로고
    • The bacteriology of obstructive pneumonitis: A prospective study using ultrasound-guided transthoracic needle aspiration
    • Y.S. Liaw P.C. Yang Z.G. Wu The bacteriology of obstructive pneumonitis: A prospective study using ultrasound-guided transthoracic needle aspiration Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149 1994 1648
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.149 , pp. 1648
    • Liaw, Y.S.1    Yang, P.C.2    Wu, Z.G.3
  • 37
    • 84941814368 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for acquiring pneumococcal infections
    • B.A. Lipsky E.J. Boyko T.S. Inui Risk factors for acquiring pneumococcal infections Arch Intern Med 146 1986 2179
    • (1986) Arch Intern Med , vol.146 , pp. 2179
    • Lipsky, B.A.1    Boyko, E.J.2    Inui, T.S.3
  • 38
    • 0023113898 scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia
    • J. Macfarlane Community-acquired pneumonia Br J Dis Chest 81 1987 116
    • (1987) Br J Dis Chest , vol.81 , pp. 116
    • Macfarlane, J.1
  • 39
    • 0024698207 scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization
    • T.J. Marrie H. Durant L. Yates Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization Rev Infect Dis 11 1989 586
    • (1989) Rev Infect Dis , vol.11 , pp. 586
    • Marrie, T.J.1    Durant, H.2    Yates, L.3
  • 40
    • 0030278374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory patients with community-acquired pneumonia: The frequency of atypical agents and clinical course
    • T.J. Marrie R.W. Peeling M.J. Fine Ambulatory patients with community-acquired pneumonia: The frequency of atypical agents and clinical course Am J Med 101 1996 508
    • (1996) Am J Med , vol.101 , pp. 508
    • Marrie, T.J.1    Peeling, R.W.2    Fine, M.J.3
  • 41
    • 0028172994 scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for Legionnaires' disease: Risk factors for morbidity and mortality
    • B.J. Marston H.B. Lipman R.F. Breiman Surveillance for Legionnaires' disease: Risk factors for morbidity and mortality Arch Intern Med 154 1994 2417
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 2417
    • Marston, B.J.1    Lipman, H.B.2    Breiman, R.F.3
  • 42
    • 0030814756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: Results of a population-based active surveillance study in Ohio
    • B.J. Marston J.F. Plouffe File T.M. Jr Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: Results of a population-based active surveillance study in Ohio Arch Intern Med 157 1997 1709
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 1709
    • Marston, B.J.1    Plouffe, J.F.2    File, T.M.3
  • 43
    • 0029070441 scopus 로고
    • Penicillin-resistant pneumococci: An emerging threat to successful therapy
    • McGowan J.E. Jr B.G. Metchock Penicillin-resistant pneumococci: An emerging threat to successful therapy J Hosp Infect 30 suppl 1995 472
    • (1995) J Hosp Infect , vol.30 , Issue.suppl , pp. 472
    • McGowan, J.E.1    Metchock, B.G.2
  • 44
    • 0031472414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of care, process, and outcomes in elderly patients with pneumonia
    • T.P. Meehan M.J. Fine H.M. Krumholz Quality of care, process, and outcomes in elderly patients with pneumonia JAMA 278 1997 2080
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 2080
    • Meehan, T.P.1    Fine, M.J.2    Krumholz, H.M.3
  • 45
    • 0025962094 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia in two men's shelters
    • A. Mercat J. Nguyen B. Dautzenberg An outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia in two men's shelters Chest 99 1991 147
    • (1991) Chest , vol.99 , pp. 147
    • Mercat, A.1    Nguyen, J.2    Dautzenberg, B.3
  • 47
    • 0029144668 scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia: The French Study Group of community-acquired pneumonia in ICU
    • P. Moine J.B. Vercken S. Chevret Severe community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia: The French Study Group of community-acquired pneumonia in ICU Scand J Infect Dis 27 1995 201
    • (1995) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.27 , pp. 201
    • Moine, P.1    Vercken, J.B.2    Chevret, S.3
  • 48
    • 0017350199 scopus 로고
    • The characteristics and mortality of outpatient pneumonia
    • M. Moore M. Merson P. Charache The characteristics and mortality of outpatient pneumonia Johns Hopkins Med J 140 1977 9
    • (1977) Johns Hopkins Med J , vol.140 , pp. 9
    • Moore, M.1    Merson, M.2    Charache, P.3
  • 51
    • 0027359801 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia, diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy
    • Neiderman M.S. Bass J.B. Jr G.D. Campbell Guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia, diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy Am Rev Respir Dis 148 1993 1418
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.148 , pp. 1418
    • Neiderman, M.S.1    Bass, J.B.2    Campbell, G.D.3
  • 52
    • 0028048820 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy and cost effectiveness of vaccination against influenza among elderly persons living in the community
    • K.L. Nichol K.L. Margolis J. Wuorenma The efficacy and cost effectiveness of vaccination against influenza among elderly persons living in the community N Engl J Med 331 1994 778
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 778
    • Nichol, K.L.1    Margolis, K.L.2    Wuorenma, J.3
  • 53
    • 0029769702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and distribution of capsular types of pneumococci in Denmark 1989–1994
    • S.V. Nielsen J. Henrichsen Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and distribution of capsular types of pneumococci in Denmark 1989–1994 Epidemiol Infect 117 1996 411
    • (1996) Epidemiol Infect , vol.117 , pp. 411
    • Nielsen, S.V.1    Henrichsen, J.2
  • 54
    • 0030444588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired pneumonia in patients needing intensive care unit admission
    • P.M. Olaechea J.M. Quintana M.S. Gallardo A predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired pneumonia in patients needing intensive care unit admission Intensive Care Med 22 1996 1294
    • (1996) Intensive Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 1294
    • Olaechea, P.M.1    Quintana, J.M.2    Gallardo, M.S.3
  • 55
    • 0030474246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serological study of responses to selected pathogens causing respiratory tract infection in the institutionalized elderly
    • P.H. Orr R.W. Peeling M. Fast Serological study of responses to selected pathogens causing respiratory tract infection in the institutionalized elderly Clin Infect Dis 23 1996 1240
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 1240
    • Orr, P.H.1    Peeling, R.W.2    Fast, M.3
  • 56
    • 0022348547 scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Factors influencing need of intensive care treatment and prognosis
    • A. Ortqvist G. Sterner J.A. Nilsson Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Factors influencing need of intensive care treatment and prognosis Scand J Infect Dis 7 1985 377
    • (1985) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 377
    • Ortqvist, A.1    Sterner, G.2    Nilsson, J.A.3
  • 57
    • 0025330089 scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Etiology, prognosis and treatment
    • J. Pachon M.D. Prados F. Capote Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Etiology, prognosis and treatment Am Rev Respir Dis 142 1990 369
    • (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.142 , pp. 369
    • Pachon, J.1    Prados, M.D.2    Capote, F.3
  • 58
    • 0027427471 scopus 로고
    • The use of intramuscular cefoperazone versus intramuscular ceftriaxone in patients with nursing home acquired pneumonia
    • S.L. Phillips J. Branaman-Phillips The use of intramuscular cefoperazone versus intramuscular ceftriaxone in patients with nursing home acquired pneumonia J Am Geriatr Soc 41 1993 1071
    • (1993) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.41 , pp. 1071
    • Phillips, S.L.1    Branaman-Phillips, J.2
  • 60
    • 0029030708 scopus 로고
    • Reevaluation of the definition of Legionnaires' disease: Use of the urinary antigen assay
    • Plouffe J.F. File T.M. Jr R.F. Breiman Reevaluation of the definition of Legionnaires' disease: Use of the urinary antigen assay Clin Infect Dis 20 1995 1286
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.20 , pp. 1286
    • Plouffe, J.F.1    File, T.M.2    Breiman, R.F.3
  • 61
    • 0031053261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized adults
    • A. Porath F. Schlaeffer D. Lieberman The epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized adults J Infect 34 1997 41
    • (1997) J Infect , vol.34 , pp. 41
    • Porath, A.1    Schlaeffer, F.2    Lieberman, D.3
  • 62
    • 0029069181 scopus 로고
    • Early switch from intravenous to oral cephalosporins in the treatment of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • J.A. Ramirez L. Srinath S. Ahkee Early switch from intravenous to oral cephalosporins in the treatment of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia Arch Intern Med 155 1995 1273
    • (1995) Arch Intern Med , vol.155 , pp. 1273
    • Ramirez, J.A.1    Srinath, L.2    Ahkee, S.3
  • 63
    • 0001766794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early switch from intravenous antimicrobials to oral clarithromycin in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • J.A. Ramirez S. Ahkee Early switch from intravenous antimicrobials to oral clarithromycin in patients with community-acquired pneumonia Infect Med 14 1997 319
    • (1997) Infect Med , vol.14 , pp. 319
    • Ramirez, J.A.1    Ahkee, S.2
  • 64
    • 0031009655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal bacteremia in hospitalized Israeli adults: Epidemiology and resistance to penicillin
    • R. Raz G. Elhanan Z. Shimoni Pneumococcal bacteremia in hospitalized Israeli adults: Epidemiology and resistance to penicillin Clin Infect Dis 24 1997 1164
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis , vol.24 , pp. 1164
    • Raz, R.1    Elhanan, G.2    Shimoni, Z.3
  • 65
    • 0027396561 scopus 로고
    • A three-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on outcome
    • J. Rello E. Quintana V. Ausina A three-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on outcome Chest 103 1993 232
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , pp. 232
    • Rello, J.1    Quintana, E.2    Ausina, V.3
  • 66
    • 0029761033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: Epidemiology and prognosis
    • J. Rello R. Rodriguez P. Jubert Severe community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: Epidemiology and prognosis Clin Infect Dis 23 1996 723
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 723
    • Rello, J.1    Rodriguez, R.2    Jubert, P.3
  • 67
    • 0029799035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: A multivariate analysis of risk and prognostic factors
    • R. Riquelme A. Torres M. El-Ebiary Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: A multivariate analysis of risk and prognostic factors Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154 1996 1450
    • (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.154 , pp. 1450
    • Riquelme, R.1    Torres, A.2    El-Ebiary, M.3
  • 68
    • 0031051248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in adults in Finland
    • U. Sankilampi E. Herva R. Haikala Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in adults in Finland Epidemiol Infect 118 1997 7
    • (1997) Epidemiol Infect , vol.118 , pp. 7
    • Sankilampi, U.1    Herva, E.2    Haikala, R.3
  • 69
    • 0021632927 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a nursing home for the elderly
    • F.J. Sorvillo S.F. Huie M.A. Strassburg An outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a nursing home for the elderly J Infect 9 1984 252
    • (1984) J Infect , vol.9 , pp. 252
    • Sorvillo, F.J.1    Huie, S.F.2    Strassburg, M.A.3
  • 71
    • 10544237677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A Spanish multicenter study
    • A. Torres J. Dorca R. Zalacain Community-acquired pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A Spanish multicenter study Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154 1996 1456
    • (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.154 , pp. 1456
    • Torres, A.1    Dorca, J.2    Zalacain, R.3
  • 73
    • 0018143585 scopus 로고
    • Factors predisposing to oropharyngeal colonization with gram-negative bacilli in the aged
    • W.M. Valenti R.G. Trudell D.W. Bentley Factors predisposing to oropharyngeal colonization with gram-negative bacilli in the aged N Engl J Med 298 1978 1108
    • (1978) N Engl J Med , vol.298 , pp. 1108
    • Valenti, W.M.1    Trudell, R.G.2    Bentley, D.W.3
  • 75
    • 0029816056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Southern California. Implications for the design and conduct of a pneumococcal vaccine trial
    • K.M. Zanguill C.M. Vadheim A.M. Vannier Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Southern California. Implications for the design and conduct of a pneumococcal vaccine trial J Infect Dis 174 1996 752
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.174 , pp. 752
    • Zanguill, K.M.1    Vadheim, C.M.2    Vannier, A.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.