메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 248, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 189-202

The course of schizophrenic psychoses: What do we really know? A selective review from an epidemiological perspective

Author keywords

Course; Follow up studies; Methodology; Predictors; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

AGE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CULTURAL FACTOR; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE COURSE; EMOTIONALITY; FAMILY LIFE; FOLLOW UP; GENDER; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; METHODOLOGY; MORTALITY; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SOCIAL DISABILITY; SYMPTOMATOLOGY;

EID: 0031672026     PISSN: 09401334     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004060050037     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (105)
  • 3
    • 0019945902 scopus 로고
    • Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Definition and reliability
    • Andreasen NC (1982) Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Definition and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39:784-788
    • (1982) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.39 , pp. 784-788
    • Andreasen, N.C.1
  • 5
    • 0024307747 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in schizophrenia: Rehospitalization and community survival
    • Angermeyer MC, Goldstein JM, Kühn L (1989) Gender differences in schizophrenia: rehospitalization and community survival. Psychol Med 19:365-382
    • (1989) Psychol Med , vol.19 , pp. 365-382
    • Angermeyer, M.C.1    Goldstein, J.M.2    Kühn, L.3
  • 6
    • 0024238159 scopus 로고
    • European long-term follow-up studies of schizophrenia
    • Angst J (1988) European long-term follow-up studies of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 14:501-513
    • (1988) Schizophr Bull , vol.14 , pp. 501-513
    • Angst, J.1
  • 7
    • 0023280042 scopus 로고
    • The discharged psychiatric patient: A review of social, social-psychological and psychiatric correlates of outcome
    • Avison WR, Nixon-Speechly KN (1987) The discharged psychiatric patient: a review of social, social-psychological and psychiatric correlates of outcome. Am J Psychiatry 144:10-18
    • (1987) Am J Psychiatry , vol.144 , pp. 10-18
    • Avison, W.R.1    Nixon-Speechly, K.N.2
  • 9
    • 0022908806 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of outcome and utilization of medical services in a prospective study of first-onset schizophrenics. Results of a prospective 5-year follow-up study
    • Biehl H, Maurer K, Schubart C, Krumm B, Jung E (1986) Prediction of outcome and utilization of medical services in a prospective study of first-onset schizophrenics. Results of a prospective 5-year follow-up study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol 236: 139-147
    • (1986) Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol , vol.236 , pp. 139-147
    • Biehl, H.1    Maurer, K.2    Schubart, C.3    Krumm, B.4    Jung, E.5
  • 10
    • 0001544670 scopus 로고
    • Die spätschizophrenen Krankheitsbilder
    • Bleuler M (1943) Die spätschizophrenen Krankheitsbilder. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 15:259-290
    • (1943) Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr , vol.15 , pp. 259-290
    • Bleuler, M.1
  • 12
    • 0015399261 scopus 로고
    • Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders: A replication
    • Brown G, Birley JLT, Wing JK (1972) Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders: a replication. Br J Psychiatry 121:241-258
    • (1972) Br J Psychiatry , vol.121 , pp. 241-258
    • Brown, G.1    Birley, J.L.T.2    Wing, J.K.3
  • 14
  • 15
    • 0011759238 scopus 로고
    • Two syndromes in schizophrenia and their pathogenesis
    • Henn F, Nasrallah HA (eds) Oxford University Press, New York
    • Crow TJ, Cross AJ, Johnstone E, Owen F (1982) Two syndromes in schizophrenia and their pathogenesis. In: Henn F, Nasrallah HA (eds) Schizophrenia as a brain disease. Oxford University Press, New York
    • (1982) Schizophrenia as a Brain Disease
    • Crow, T.J.1    Cross, A.J.2    Johnstone, E.3    Owen, F.4
  • 16
    • 0022668286 scopus 로고
    • The Northwick Park study of first episodes of schizophrenia. II. A randomised controlled trial of prophylactic neuroleptic treatment
    • Crow TJ, MacMillan JF, Johnson AL, Johnstone EC (1986) The Northwick Park study of first episodes of schizophrenia. II. A randomised controlled trial of prophylactic neuroleptic treatment. Br J Psychiatry 148:120-127
    • (1986) Br J Psychiatry , vol.148 , pp. 120-127
    • Crow, T.J.1    MacMillan, J.F.2    Johnson, A.L.3    Johnstone, E.C.4
  • 18
    • 0028221659 scopus 로고
    • Culture and schizophrenia: The DOSMD challenge
    • Edgerton RB, Cohen A (1994) Culture and schizophrenia: the DOSMD challenge. Br J Psychiatry 164:222-231
    • (1994) Br J Psychiatry , vol.164 , pp. 222-231
    • Edgerton, R.B.1    Cohen, A.2
  • 21
    • 0022260962 scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia: Sex differences
    • Flor-Henry P (1985) Schizophrenia: sex differences. Can J Psychiatry 30:319-322
    • (1985) Can J Psychiatry , vol.30 , pp. 319-322
    • Flor-Henry, P.1
  • 23
    • 0023900094 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in the course of schizophrenia
    • Goldstein J (1988) Gender differences in the course of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 145:684-689
    • (1988) Am J Psychiatry , vol.145 , pp. 684-689
    • Goldstein, J.1
  • 25
    • 0026787146 scopus 로고
    • Premorbid and onset features of first episode schizophrenia
    • Haas GL, Sweeney JA (1992) Premorbid and onset features of first episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 18:373-386
    • (1992) Schizophr Bull , vol.18 , pp. 373-386
    • Haas, G.L.1    Sweeney, J.A.2
  • 29
    • 0027441604 scopus 로고
    • The influence of age and sex on the onset and course of early schizophrenia
    • Häfner H, Maurer K, Löffler W, Riecher-Rössler A (1993a) The influence of age and sex on the onset and course of early schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 162:80-86
    • (1993) Br J Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 80-86
    • Häfner, H.1    Maurer, K.2    Löffler, W.3    Riecher-Rössler, A.4
  • 32
    • 0344109573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and consequences of the gender difference in age of onset of schizophrenia. A review of results from branch 1 (gender) of the ABC (age, beginning, course) schizophrenia study
    • Häfner H, an der Heiden W, Behrens St, Gattaz WF, Hambrecht M, Löffler W, Maurer K, Nowotny B, Riecher-Rössler A, Stein A (1998) Causes and consequences of the gender difference in age of onset of schizophrenia. A review of results from branch 1 (gender) of the ABC (age, beginning, course) schizophrenia study. Schizophr Bull 24:99-113
    • (1998) Schizophr Bull , vol.24 , pp. 99-113
    • Häfner, H.1    An Der Heiden, W.2    Behrens, St.3    Gattaz, W.F.4    Hambrecht, M.5    Löffler, W.6    Maurer, K.7    Nowotny, B.8    Riecher-Rössler, A.9    Stein, A.10
  • 33
    • 0023192610 scopus 로고
    • The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness. I. Methodology, study, sample, and overall status 32 years later
    • Harding CM, Brooks GW, Ashikaga T, Strauss JS, Breier A (1987a) The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness. I. Methodology, study, sample, and overall status 32 years later. Am J Psychiatry 144:718-726
    • (1987) Am J Psychiatry , vol.144 , pp. 718-726
    • Harding, C.M.1    Brooks, G.W.2    Ashikaga, T.3    Strauss, J.S.4    Breier, A.5
  • 34
    • 0023225633 scopus 로고
    • The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness. II. Long-term outcome of subjects who retrospectively met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia
    • Harding CM, Brooks GW, Ashikaga T, Strauss JS, Breier A (1987b) The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness. II. Long-term outcome of subjects who retrospectively met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 144: 727-735
    • (1987) Am J Psychiatry , vol.144 , pp. 727-735
    • Harding, C.M.1    Brooks, G.W.2    Ashikaga, T.3    Strauss, J.S.4    Breier, A.5
  • 35
    • 0023705325 scopus 로고
    • Late onset schizophrenia: An overview
    • Harris MJ, Jeste DV (1988) Late onset schizophrenia: an overview. Schizophr Bull 14:39-55
    • (1988) Schizophr Bull , vol.14 , pp. 39-55
    • Harris, M.J.1    Jeste, D.V.2
  • 38
    • 0025343484 scopus 로고
    • Twenty years' follow-up of first psychiatric presentation for schizophrenia: What could have been prevented?
    • Helgason L (1990) Twenty years' follow-up of first psychiatric presentation for schizophrenia: What could have been prevented? Acta Psychiatr Scand 81:231-235
    • (1990) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.81 , pp. 231-235
    • Helgason, L.1
  • 39
    • 0015791516 scopus 로고
    • Zur Katamnese der Schizophrenien
    • Hinterhuber H (1973) Zur Katamnese der Schizophrenien. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 41:527-558
    • (1973) Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr , vol.41 , pp. 527-558
    • Hinterhuber, H.1
  • 40
    • 0003234570 scopus 로고
    • Resistance of schizophrenic patients to social and vocational rehabilitation
    • Dencker SJ, Kulhanek F (eds) Vieweg, Braunschweig Wiesbaden
    • Hogarty GE (1988) Resistance of schizophrenic patients to social and vocational rehabilitation. In: Dencker SJ, Kulhanek F (eds) Treatment resistance in schizophrenia. Vieweg, Braunschweig Wiesbaden
    • (1988) Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia
    • Hogarty, G.E.1
  • 41
    • 0017098204 scopus 로고
    • Drug discontinuation among long-term successfully maintained schizophrenic outpatients
    • Hogarty GE, Ulrich RF, Mussare F, Aristigueta N (1976) Drug discontinuation among long-term successfully maintained schizophrenic outpatients. Dis Nerv Syst 37:494-500
    • (1976) Dis Nerv Syst , vol.37 , pp. 494-500
    • Hogarty, G.E.1    Ulrich, R.F.2    Mussare, F.3    Aristigueta, N.4
  • 45
    • 0025222592 scopus 로고
    • Prädiktoren des Schizophrenieverlaufs - Eine Literaturübersicht
    • Hubschmid T, Ciompi L (1990) Prädiktoren des Schizophrenieverlaufs - eine Literaturübersicht. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 58:359-367
    • (1990) Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr , vol.58 , pp. 359-367
    • Hubschmid, T.1    Ciompi, L.2
  • 46
    • 0019257237 scopus 로고
    • WHO collaborative study on impairments and disabilities associated with schizophrenic disorders
    • Jablensky A, Schwarz R, Tomov T (1980) WHO collaborative study on impairments and disabilities associated with schizophrenic disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 62:152-163
    • (1980) Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl , vol.62 , pp. 152-163
    • Jablensky, A.1    Schwarz, R.2    Tomov, T.3
  • 49
    • 0025301740 scopus 로고
    • Further investigation of the predictors of outcome following first schizophrenic episodes
    • Johnstone EC, MacMillan JF, Frith CD, Benn DK, Crow TJ (1990) Further investigation of the predictors of outcome following first schizophrenic episodes. Br J Psychiatry 157:182-189
    • (1990) Br J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 182-189
    • Johnstone, E.C.1    MacMillan, J.F.2    Frith, C.D.3    Benn, D.K.4    Crow, T.J.5
  • 52
    • 0028006714 scopus 로고
    • Stress reduction in the social environment of schizophrenic patients
    • Leff J (1994) Stress reduction in the social environment of schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 90 [Suppl 384]:133-139
    • (1994) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.90 , Issue.384 SUPPL. , pp. 133-139
    • Leff, J.1
  • 53
    • 0019972006 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of social intervention in the families of schizophrenic patients
    • Leff J, Kuipers L, Berkowitz R, Eberlein-Vries R, Sturgeon D (1982) A controlled trial of social intervention in the families of schizophrenic patients. Br J Psychiatry 141:121-134
    • (1982) Br J Psychiatry , vol.141 , pp. 121-134
    • Leff, J.1    Kuipers, L.2    Berkowitz, R.3    Eberlein-Vries, R.4    Sturgeon, D.5
  • 55
    • 0029797948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing treatment response and outcome of first-episode schizophrenia: Implications for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia
    • Lieberman JA, Koreen AR, Chakos M, Sheitman B, Woerner M, Alvir JMJ, Bilder R (1996) Factors influencing treatment response and outcome of first-episode schizophrenia: implications for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 57 [Suppl 9]:5-9
    • (1996) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.57 , Issue.9 SUPPL. , pp. 5-9
    • Lieberman, J.A.1    Koreen, A.R.2    Chakos, M.3    Sheitman, B.4    Woerner, M.5    Alvir, J.M.J.6    Bilder, R.7
  • 57
    • 0022671660 scopus 로고
    • The Northwick Park study of first episodes of schizophrenia: IV. Expressed emotion and relapse
    • MacMillan JF, Gold A, Crow TJ, Johnson AL, Johnstone EC (1986) The Northwick Park study of first episodes of schizophrenia: IV. Expressed emotion and relapse. Br J Psychiatry 148:133-143
    • (1986) Br J Psychiatry , vol.148 , pp. 133-143
    • MacMillan, J.F.1    Gold, A.2    Crow, T.J.3    Johnson, A.L.4    Johnstone, E.C.5
  • 58
    • 0342263518 scopus 로고
    • Affektive, schizoaffektive und schizophrene Psychosen
    • Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • Marneros A, Deister A, Rohde A (1991) Affektive, schizoaffektive und schizophrene Psychosen. Eine vergleichende Langzeitstudie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • (1991) Eine Vergleichende Langzeitstudie
    • Marneros, A.1    Deister, A.2    Rohde, A.3
  • 59
    • 7844240224 scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenie, schizoaffective and affective disorders in the elderly: A comparison
    • Katona C, Levy R (eds) Gaskell Books, London
    • Marneros A, Deister A, Rohde A (1992) Schizophrenie, schizoaffective and affective disorders in the elderly: a comparison. In: Katona C, Levy R (eds) Delusions and hallucinations in old age. Gaskell Books, London, pp 136-152
    • (1992) Delusions and Hallucinations in Old Age , pp. 136-152
    • Marneros, A.1    Deister, A.2    Rohde, A.3
  • 61
    • 0029849931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The course of schizophrenia over 13 years. A report from the International Study on Schizophrenia (ISOS) coordinated by the World Health Organization
    • Mason P, Harrison G, Glazebrook G, Medley L, Croudace T (1996) The course of schizophrenia over 13 years. A report from the International Study on Schizophrenia (ISOS) coordinated by the World Health Organization. Br J Psychiatry 169:580-586
    • (1996) Br J Psychiatry , vol.169 , pp. 580-586
    • Mason, P.1    Harrison, G.2    Glazebrook, G.3    Medley, L.4    Croudace, T.5
  • 63
    • 0021269066 scopus 로고
    • The Chestnut Lodge follow-up study: I. Follow-up methodology and study sample
    • McGlashan TH (1984a) The Chestnut Lodge follow-up study: I. Follow-up methodology and study sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:573-585
    • (1984) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 573-585
    • McGlashan, T.H.1
  • 64
    • 0021277402 scopus 로고
    • The Chestnut Lodge follow-up study: II. Long-term outcome of schizophrenia and the affective disorders
    • McGlashan TH (1984b) The Chestnut Lodge follow-up study: II. Long-term outcome of schizophrenia and the affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:586-601
    • (1984) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 586-601
    • McGlashan, T.H.1
  • 65
    • 0024242021 scopus 로고
    • A selective review of recent North American long-term follow-up studies of schizophrenia
    • McGlashan TH (1988) A selective review of recent North American long-term follow-up studies of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 14:515-542
    • (1988) Schizophr Bull , vol.14 , pp. 515-542
    • McGlashan, T.H.1
  • 66
    • 0024242022 scopus 로고
    • Issues of design and methodology in long-term follow-up studies
    • McGlashan TH, Carpenter WT Jr, Bartko JJ (1988) Issues of design and methodology in long-term follow-up studies. Schizophr Bull 14:569-574
    • (1988) Schizophr Bull , vol.14 , pp. 569-574
    • McGlashan, T.H.1    Carpenter Jr., W.T.2    Bartko, J.J.3
  • 68
    • 0020004995 scopus 로고
    • Relevante Merkmale für die 5-Jahres-Prognose von Patienten mit schizophrenen und verwandten paranoiden Psychosen
    • Möller HJ, Werner-Eilert R, Wüschner-Stockheim M, Zerssen D von (1982) Relevante Merkmale für die 5-Jahres-Prognose von Patienten mit schizophrenen und verwandten paranoiden Psychosen. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 231:305-322
    • (1982) Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr , vol.231 , pp. 305-322
    • Möller, H.J.1    Werner-Eilert, R.2    Wüschner-Stockheim, M.3    Von Zerssen, D.4
  • 70
    • 0027208815 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and causes of death in first-admitted schizophrenic patients
    • Mortensen PB, Juel K (1993) Mortality and causes of death in first-admitted schizophrenic patients. Br J Psychiatry 163:183-189
    • (1993) Br J Psychiatry , vol.163 , pp. 183-189
    • Mortensen, P.B.1    Juel, K.2
  • 71
    • 0026021516 scopus 로고
    • Long-term clinical outcome of schizophrenia with special reference to gender differences
    • Opjordsmoert S (1991) Long-term clinical outcome of schizophrenia with special reference to gender differences. Acta Psychiatr Scand 83:307-313
    • (1991) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.83 , pp. 307-313
    • Opjordsmoert, S.1
  • 72
    • 0026755250 scopus 로고
    • The natural course of schizophrenia: A review of first-admission studies
    • Ram R, Bromet EJ, Eaton WW, Pato C, Schwartz JE (1992) The natural course of schizophrenia: a review of first-admission studies. Schizophr Bull 18:185-207
    • (1992) Schizophr Bull , vol.18 , pp. 185-207
    • Ram, R.1    Bromet, E.J.2    Eaton, W.W.3    Pato, C.4    Schwartz, J.E.5
  • 73
    • 7844224099 scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenie - Verlauf und Prognose
    • Kisker KP, et al. (eds) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • Retterstøl N (1987) Schizophrenie - Verlauf und Prognose. In: Kisker KP, et al. (eds) Psychiatrie der Gegenwart 4, Schizophrenien. 3, Auflage, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 211-231
    • (1987) Psychiatrie der Gegenwart 4, Schizophrenien. 3, Auflage , pp. 211-231
    • Retterstøl, N.1
  • 74
    • 0026058864 scopus 로고
    • Course and outcome in paranoid disorders
    • Retterstøl N (1991) Course and outcome in paranoid disorders. Psychopathology 24:277-286
    • (1991) Psychopathology , vol.24 , pp. 277-286
    • Retterstøl, N.1
  • 76
    • 0001926936 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in age at onset and course of schizophrenic disorders: A contribution to the understanding of the disease?
    • Häfner H, Gattaz WF (eds) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • Riecher A, Maurer K, Löffler W, Fätkenheuer B, an der Heiden W, Munk-Jørgensen P, Strömgren E, Häfner H (1991) Sex differences in age at onset and course of schizophrenic disorders: a contribution to the understanding of the disease? In: Häfner H, Gattaz WF (eds) Search for the causes of schizophrenia, vol 2. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 14-33
    • (1991) Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia , vol.2 , pp. 14-33
    • Riecher, A.1    Maurer, K.2    Löffler, W.3    Fätkenheuer, B.4    An Der Heiden, W.5    Munk-Jørgensen, P.6    Strömgren, E.7    Häfner, H.8
  • 77
    • 4243913018 scopus 로고
    • Spätschizophrenie - Eine valide Entität? Eine empirische Studie zu Risikofaktoren, Krankheitsbild und Verlauf
    • Universität Heidelberg-Mannheim
    • Riecher-Rössler A (1994) Spätschizophrenie - eine valide Entität? Eine empirische Studie zu Risikofaktoren, Krankheitsbild und Verlauf. Habilitationsschrift, Universität Heidelberg-Mannheim, pp 1-449
    • (1994) Habilitationsschrift , pp. 1-449
    • Riecher-Rössler, A.1
  • 79
    • 0026696034 scopus 로고
    • Is age of onset in schizophrenia influenced by family status? Some remarks on the difficulties and pitfalls in systematic testing of a "simple" question
    • Riecher-Rössler A, Fätkenheuer B, Löffler W, Maurer K, Häfner H (1992) Is age of onset in schizophrenia influenced by family status? Some remarks on the difficulties and pitfalls in systematic testing of a "simple" question. Soc Psychiatr Epidemiol 27:122-128
    • (1992) Soc Psychiatr Epidemiol , vol.27 , pp. 122-128
    • Riecher-Rössler, A.1    Fätkenheuer, B.2    Löffler, W.3    Maurer, K.4    Häfner, H.5
  • 82
    • 0030847565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do we really know about late-onset schizophrenia? A review on epidemiology, symptomatology and course
    • Riecher-Rössler A, Löffler W, Munk-Jørgensen P (1997) What do we really know about late-onset schizophrenia? A review on epidemiology, symptomatology and course. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 247:195-208
    • (1997) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.247 , pp. 195-208
    • Riecher-Rössler, A.1    Löffler, W.2    Munk-Jørgensen, P.3
  • 84
    • 0025176070 scopus 로고
    • Gender and short-term outcome in schizophrenia
    • Salokangas RK, Stengård E (1990) Gender and short-term outcome in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 3:333-345
    • (1990) Schizophr Res , vol.3 , pp. 333-345
    • Salokangas, R.K.1    Stengård, E.2
  • 86
    • 0022572891 scopus 로고
    • Current outcome in schizophrenia: Women vs men
    • Seeman MV (1986) Current outcome in schizophrenia: women vs men. Acta Psychiatr Scand 73:609-617
    • (1986) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.73 , pp. 609-617
    • Seeman, M.V.1
  • 87
    • 0024376983 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of schizophrenia: A five-year follow-up study of outcome and prediction in a representative sample of schizophrenics
    • Shepherd M, Watt D, Falloon I, Smeeton N (1989) The natural history of schizophrenia: a five-year follow-up study of outcome and prediction in a representative sample of schizophrenics. Psychol Med 19 [Suppl 15]:1-46
    • (1989) Psychol Med , vol.19 , Issue.15 SUPPL. , pp. 1-46
    • Shepherd, M.1    Watt, D.2    Falloon, I.3    Smeeton, N.4
  • 89
    • 7844222551 scopus 로고
    • Training in community living: One-year evaluation in a symposium: follow-up studies of community care
    • Stein LI, Test MA (1976) Training in community living: one-year evaluation in a symposium: follow-up studies of community care. Am J Psychiatry 133:917-918
    • (1976) Am J Psychiatry , vol.133 , pp. 917-918
    • Stein, L.I.1    Test, M.A.2
  • 90
    • 0016247876 scopus 로고
    • The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. I. Relationship between predictor and outcome variables
    • Strauss JS, Carpenter WT (1974) The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. I. Relationship between predictor and outcome variables. Arch Gen Psychiatry 31:37-42
    • (1974) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.31 , pp. 37-42
    • Strauss, J.S.1    Carpenter, W.T.2
  • 91
    • 0017342508 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. III. Five-year outcome and its predictors
    • Strauss JS, Carpenter WT (1977) Prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. III. Five-year outcome and its predictors. Arch Gen Psychiatry 34:159-163
    • (1977) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 159-163
    • Strauss, J.S.1    Carpenter, W.T.2
  • 92
    • 0027500302 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and cause of death in schizophrenia. Review of the literature
    • Tabbane K, Joober R, Spadone C, Poirier MF, Olie JP (1993) Mortality and cause of death in schizophrenia. Review of the literature. Encephale 19:23-28
    • (1993) Encephale , vol.19 , pp. 23-28
    • Tabbane, K.1    Joober, R.2    Spadone, C.3    Poirier, M.F.4    Olie, J.P.5
  • 93
    • 0342432529 scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome of schizophrenia and other psychoses
    • Häfner H, Gattaz WF, Janzarik W (eds) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • Tsuang MT, Fleming JA (1987) Long-term outcome of schizophrenia and other psychoses. In: Häfner H, Gattaz WF, Janzarik W (eds) Search for the causes of schizophrenia. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 88-97
    • (1987) Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia , pp. 88-97
    • Tsuang, M.T.1    Fleming, J.A.2
  • 94
    • 0018709648 scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome of major psychoses: I. Schizophrenia and affective disorders compared with psychiatrically symptom-free surgical conditions
    • Tsuang MT, Woolson RF, Fleming JA (1979) Long-term outcome of major psychoses: I. Schizophrenia and affective disorders compared with psychiatrically symptom-free surgical conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39:1295-1301
    • (1979) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.39 , pp. 1295-1301
    • Tsuang, M.T.1    Woolson, R.F.2    Fleming, J.A.3
  • 95
    • 0001364705 scopus 로고
    • Prospective prediction of schizophrenic remission
    • Vaillant GE (1964) Prospective prediction of schizophrenic remission. Arch Gen Psychiatry 11:509
    • (1964) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.11 , pp. 509
    • Vaillant, G.E.1
  • 97
    • 0018663446 scopus 로고
    • The effect of sex, marriage and age at first admission on the hospitalization of schizophrenics during 2 years following discharge
    • Watt DC, Szulecka TK (1979) The effect of sex, marriage and age at first admission on the hospitalization of schizophrenics during 2 years following discharge. Psychol Med 9:529-539
    • (1979) Psychol Med , vol.9 , pp. 529-539
    • Watt, D.C.1    Szulecka, T.K.2
  • 98
    • 0023576321 scopus 로고
    • Perinatal distress and prognosis of psychotic illness
    • Wilcox JA, Nasrallah HA (1987) Perinatal distress and prognosis of psychotic illness. Neuropsychobiology 17:173-175
    • (1987) Neuropsychobiology , vol.17 , pp. 173-175
    • Wilcox, J.A.1    Nasrallah, H.A.2
  • 99
    • 0343248447 scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitation, Soziotherapie und Prävention
    • Kisker KP, et al. (eds) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • Wing JK (1987) Rehabilitation, Soziotherapie und Prävention. In: Kisker KP, et al. (eds) Psychiatrie der Gegenwart 4, Schizophrenien. 3. Auflage. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 325-355
    • (1987) Psychiatrie der Gegenwart 4, Schizophrenien. 3. Auflage , pp. 325-355
    • Wing, J.K.1
  • 100
    • 0024215909 scopus 로고
    • Comments on the long-term outcome of schizophrenia
    • Wing JK (1988) Comments on the long-term outcome of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 14:669-673
    • (1988) Schizophr Bull , vol.14 , pp. 669-673
    • Wing, J.K.1
  • 104
    • 0026040246 scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptics and the natural course of schizophrenia
    • Wyatt RJ (1991) Neuroleptics and the natural course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 17:325-351
    • (1991) Schizophr Bull , vol.17 , pp. 325-351
    • Wyatt, R.J.1
  • 105
    • 0006653863 scopus 로고
    • Der Frühverlauf der Schizophrenie und seine Beziehung zu Alter. Geschlecht und Diagnose bei stationärer Erstaufnahme
    • Zedlick RD, Maurer K, Löffler W, Riecher-Rössler A, Häfner H (1993) Der Frühverlauf der Schizophrenie und seine Beziehung zu Alter. Geschlecht und Diagnose bei stationärer Erstaufnahme. Neuropsychiatrie 7:183-196
    • (1993) Neuropsychiatrie , vol.7 , pp. 183-196
    • Zedlick, R.D.1    Maurer, K.2    Löffler, W.3    Riecher-Rössler, A.4    Häfner, H.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.