China's democratization and the Taiwan experience

Asian Survey

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 349-362

  Dickson, Bruce J ^a  

^a GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRATISATION; POLITICAL REFORM; REFORM PROCESS;

CHINA; TAIWAN;

EID: 0031665650     PISSN: 00044687     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/as.1998.38.4.01p03472     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Bruce J. Dickson, "The Lessons of Defeat: The Reorganization of the Kuomintang on Taiwan, 1950-52," China Quarterly 133 (March 1993), pp. 56-84.
2. These issues are explored in more detail in my book, Democratization in China and Taiwan: The Adaptability of Leninist Parties (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).
3. Zbigniew Brzezinski, "The Soviet Political System: Transformation or Disintegration," Problems of Communism (January-February 1966); and William G. Odom, "Soviet Politics and After: Old and New Concepts," World Politics 45:1 (October 1992), pp. 66-98.
4. Zbigniew Brzezinski, "The Soviet Political System: Transformation or Disintegration," Problems of Communism (January-February 1966); and William G. Odom, "Soviet Politics and After: Old and New Concepts," World Politics 45:1 (October 1992), pp. 66-98.
5. For Hungary, see Patrick H. O'Neil, "Revolution from Within: Institutional Analysis, Transitions from Authoritarianism, and the Case of Hungary," World Politics 48:4 (July 1996), pp. 579-603.
6. Jeffrey Pfeffer and Gerald B. Salancik, The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (New York: Harper and Row, 1978).
7. For instance, see Li Yanxi, "Shelun dangyuan duiwu de shuliang kongzhi" [Limit the number of CCP members], Xuexi yu shixian (Wuchang), January 1989, pp. 49-51; Zhou Peng, "Shinian lai fazhan dangyuan gongzuo de huigu" [Review of the past ten years of party recruitment), Dangzheng wenhui, January 1989, p. 12; and Dong Wanmin, "Yange anzhao biaozhun fazhan dangyuan" [Recruit party members strictly according to standards], Henan ribao, January 7, 1991, p. 3.
8. For instance, see Li Yanxi, "Shelun dangyuan duiwu de shuliang kongzhi" [Limit the number of CCP members], Xuexi yu shixian (Wuchang), January 1989, pp. 49-51; Zhou Peng, "Shinian lai fazhan dangyuan gongzuo de huigu" [Review of the past ten years of party recruitment), Dangzheng wenhui, January 1989, p. 12; and Dong Wanmin, "Yange anzhao biaozhun fazhan dangyuan" [Recruit party members strictly according to standards], Henan ribao, January 7, 1991, p. 3.
9. For instance, see Li Yanxi, "Shelun dangyuan duiwu de shuliang kongzhi" [Limit the number of CCP members], Xuexi yu shixian (Wuchang), January 1989, pp. 49-51; Zhou Peng, "Shinian lai fazhan dangyuan gongzuo de huigu" [Review of the past ten years of party recruitment), Dangzheng wenhui, January 1989, p. 12; and Dong Wanmin, "Yange anzhao biaozhun fazhan dangyuan" [Recruit party members strictly according to standards], Henan ribao, January 7, 1991, p. 3.
10. The CCP banned the new recruitment of entrepreneurs into the party after the imposition of martial law in 1989; entrepreneurs already in the party could no longer hold official positions. This was first reported in South China Morning Post, August 29, 1989, pp. 1, 8, in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report/China (FBIS, DR/C (August 29, 1989), p. 6, and later confirmed in Zhenli de zhuiqiu, November 11, 1994, pp. 17-21, in FBIS, DR/C, January 12, 1995, pp. 24-27. This ban has been reiterated on several occasions; see, for example, the Press Digest of the Central Organization Department, in China News Digest, September 17, 1995.
11. The CCP banned the new recruitment of entrepreneurs into the party after the imposition of martial law in 1989; entrepreneurs already in the party could no longer hold official positions. This was first reported in South China Morning Post, August 29, 1989, pp. 1, 8, in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report/China (FBIS, DR/C (August 29, 1989), p. 6, and later confirmed in Zhenli de zhuiqiu, November 11, 1994, pp. 17-21, in FBIS, DR/C, January 12, 1995, pp. 24-27. This ban has been reiterated on several occasions; see, for example, the Press Digest of the Central Organization Department, in China News Digest, September 17, 1995.
12. The CCP banned the new recruitment of entrepreneurs into the party after the imposition of martial law in 1989; entrepreneurs already in the party could no longer hold official positions. This was first reported in South China Morning Post, August 29, 1989, pp. 1, 8, in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report/China (FBIS, DR/C (August 29, 1989), p. 6, and later confirmed in Zhenli de zhuiqiu, November 11, 1994, pp. 17-21, in FBIS, DR/C, January 12, 1995, pp. 24-27. This ban has been reiterated on several occasions; see, for example, the Press Digest of the Central Organization Department, in China News Digest, September 17, 1995.
13. The CCP banned the new recruitment of entrepreneurs into the party after the imposition of martial law in 1989; entrepreneurs already in the party could no longer hold official positions. This was first reported in South China Morning Post, August 29, 1989, pp. 1, 8, in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report/China (FBIS, DR/C (August 29, 1989), p. 6, and later confirmed in Zhenli de zhuiqiu, November 11, 1994, pp. 17-21, in FBIS, DR/C, January 12, 1995, pp. 24-27. This ban has been reiterated on several occasions; see, for example, the Press Digest of the Central Organization Department, in China News Digest, September 17, 1995.
14. The CCP banned the new recruitment of entrepreneurs into the party after the imposition of martial law in 1989; entrepreneurs already in the party could no longer hold official positions. This was first reported in South China Morning Post, August 29, 1989, pp. 1, 8, in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report/China (FBIS, DR/C (August 29, 1989), p. 6, and later confirmed in Zhenli de zhuiqiu, November 11, 1994, pp. 17-21, in FBIS, DR/C, January 12, 1995, pp. 24-27. This ban has been reiterated on several occasions; see, for example, the Press Digest of the Central Organization Department, in China News Digest, September 17, 1995.
15. Yanqi Tong, "State, Society, and Political Change in China and Hungary," Comparative Politics 26:3 (April 1994), pp. 333-53; Margaret M. Pearson, "The Janus Face of Business Associations in China: Socialist Corporatism in Foreign Enterprises," Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 31 (January 1994), pp. 25-46.
16. Yanqi Tong, "State, Society, and Political Change in China and Hungary," Comparative Politics 26:3 (April 1994), pp. 333-53; Margaret M. Pearson, "The Janus Face of Business Associations in China: Socialist Corporatism in Foreign Enterprises," Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 31 (January 1994), pp. 25-46.
17. Arthur Stinchcombe, "The Social Structure of Organizations," in Handbook of Organizations, ed. James G. March (Chicago: Rand-McNally, 1965); Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1968), pp. 13-17; and Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970). See also Pfeffer and Salancik, The External Control of Organizations, pp. 94-95.
18. Arthur Stinchcombe, "The Social Structure of Organizations," in Handbook of Organizations, ed. James G. March (Chicago: Rand-McNally, 1965); Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1968), pp. 13-17; and Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970). See also Pfeffer and Salancik, The External Control of Organizations, pp. 94-95.
19. Arthur Stinchcombe, "The Social Structure of Organizations," in Handbook of Organizations, ed. James G. March (Chicago: Rand-McNally, 1965); Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1968), pp. 13-17; and Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970). See also Pfeffer and Salancik, The External Control of Organizations, pp. 94-95.
20. Arthur Stinchcombe, "The Social Structure of Organizations," in Handbook of Organizations, ed. James G. March (Chicago: Rand-McNally, 1965); Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1968), pp. 13-17; and Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970). See also Pfeffer and Salancik, The External Control of Organizations, pp. 94-95.
21. Edwin A. Winckler, "Institutionalization and Participation on Taiwan: From Hard to Soft Authoritarianism?" China Quarterly 99 (December 1984), pp. 481-99.
22. According to Hong Yung Lee, China's "bureaucratic technocrats are not enthusiastic about political democratization." See "China's New Bureaucracy," in State and Society in China: Consequences of Reform, ed. Arthur Lewis Rosenbaum (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1992), p. 71.
23. Edwin A. Winckler, "Institutionalization and Participation on Taiwan."
24. Hung-mao Tien and Yun-han Chu, "Building Democracy in Taiwan," China Quarterly 148 (December 1996), p. 1167.
25. Andrew J. Nathan, Chinese Democracy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985).
26. Kevin J. O'Brien, "Implementing Political Reform in China's Villages," Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 32 (July 1994), pp. 33-60.
27. This is the imagery used by Pei Minxin in "'Creeping Democratization' in China," Journal of Democracy 6:4 (October 1995), pp. 65-79.
28. Lianjiang Li and Kevin J. O'Brien, "The Struggle over Village Elections," in The Paradox of China's Reforms, eds. Roderick MacFarquhar and Merle Goldman (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, forthcoming).
29. In addition to facilitating policy implementation and improving relations between state and society at the local level, one rationale for promoting local elections is to placate foreigners, who see the elections as having the form, if not the content, of grass-roots democracy. See Daniel Kelliher, "The Chinese Debate over Village Self-Government," China Journal 37 (January 1997).
30. Baohui Zhang, "Corporatism, Totalitarianism, and Transitions to Democracy," Comparative Political Studies 27:1 (April 1994), p. 126.
31. Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991), p. 124.
32. This assessment is based on interviews conducted in Taiwan in 1991 and 1996 with cabinet ministers, a general secretary of the KMT, directors of the KMT's organization and youth departments, members of the KMT's Central Standing Committee and Central Committee, former aides to Chiang Ching-kuo, and other party and government officials. All respondents were promised anonymity.