Precipitation chemistry in the Sahelian savanna of Niger, Africa

Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 319-343

  Galy Lacaux, C ^a   Modi, A I ^b  

^a OBSERVATOIRE MIDI PYRÉNÉES   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ ABDOU MOUMOUNI   (Niger)

Author keywords

Chemical precipitation and aerosols composition; Heterogeneous chemistry; Sahelian region

Indexed keywords

ACETIC ACID; AMMONIA; CALCIUM; CHLORIDE; FORMIC ACID; MAGNESIUM; NITRATE; POTASSIUM; RAIN; SODIUM; SULFATE;

AEROSOL; PRECIPITATION QUALITY; SAVANNA;

AIR MONITORING; AIR POLLUTION; AIRBORNE PARTICLE; ARTICLE; DOMESTIC ANIMAL; ION PAIR CHROMATOGRAPHY; NIGER; PH; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PRECIPITATION; SEASON; SOIL; TROPICS;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0031659189     PISSN: 01677764     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1006027730377     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. 2O emission from a fertilized grassland: An analysis of spatial variability, J. Geophys. Res. 99 (D8), 16,549 16,555.
2. Andreae, M. O., Talbot, R. W., Andreae, T. W., and Hariss, R. C., 1988: Formic and acetic acid over the central Amazon region, Brazil, 1, Dry season, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 1616-1624.
3. Andreae, M. O., Talbot, R. W., Berresheim, H., and Beecher, K. M., 1994: Precipitation chemistry in central Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 16,987-17,000.
4. Andreae, M. O., 1994: Climate effects of changing levels, Future climate of the world, in A. Henderson-Sellers (ed.), World Survey of Climatology 20, p. 135.
5. Andreae, M. O and Crutzen, P. J. 1997: Atmospheric aerosols: Biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry, Science 276, 1052-1057.
6. Ayers G. P., Gillett, R. W., 1988: Acidification in Australia, in H. Rodhe and R. Herrera (eds), Acidification in Tropical Countries, John Wiley, New York, pp. 347-402.
7. Bohn, L., McNeal, B. L., and O'Connor, G. A., 1985: Soil Chemistry, John Wiley, New York.
8. Brocard, D., Lacaux, C., Lacaux J. P, Kouadio, G., and Yoboué, V., 1996: Emissions from the combustion of biofuels in western Africa, in J. S. Levine (ed.), Global Biomass Burning, MIT Press, Cambridge.
9. Cachier, H. and Ducret, J. 1991: Influence of biomass burning on African rains, Nature, 352, 228-230.
10. Cachier, H., Ducret, J., Brémond, M. P., Yoboué, V., Lacaux, J. P, Gaudichet, A., and Baudet, J. G. R., 1991: Biomass burning aerosols in a savannah region in the Ivory Coast, in J. S. Levine (ed.), Global Biomass Burning, MIT Press, Cambridge.
11. Clarke A. G., and Karani, G. N., 1992: Characterization of the carbonate content of atmospheric aerosols, J. Atmos. Chem. 14, 119-128.
12. Graedel, T. F. and Crutzen, P. J., 1993: Atmospheric Change: An Earth System Perspective, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, p. 446.
13. Delmas, R., Loudjani, P., and Podaire, A., 1991: Biomass burning in Africa: An assessment of annually burnt biomass, in J. S. Levine (ed.), Global Biomass Burning, MIT Press, Cambridge.
14. Delmas R., Lacaux J. P., Menaut, J. C., Abbadie, L., Leroux, X., Helas, G., and Lobert, J., 1995: Nitrogen compound emission from biomass burning in tropical African savanna, FOS/DECAFE Experiment, J. Atmos. Chem. 22, 175-194.
15. Dentener, F. J., Carmichael, G. R., Zhang, Lelieved, Y. J., and Crutzen, P. J., 1996: Role of mineral aerosol as a reactive surface in the global troposphere, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 22,869-22,889.
16. Dovland, H. and Pederson, U., 1996: Acid deposition in Europe, in D. M. Whelpdale and M. S. Kaiser (eds), Global acid deposition assessment. World Meteorological Organization, Global Atmosphere Watch, No. 106.
17. Galbally, I. E. and Gillett, R. W., 1988: Processes regulating nitrogen compounds in the tropical atmosphere, in H. Rodhe and R. Herrera (eds), Acidification in Tropical Countries, Chapter 3, SCOPE, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
18. Galloway, J. N., Likens, G. E., Keene, W. C., and Miller, J. M., 1982: The composition of precipitation in remote areas of the world, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 8771-8786.
19. Gao, Y., Zhang, D., and Okita, T., 1991: Size distribution of atmospheric aerosols and their soluble ion species in Mei-Long area, Shanghai, Proc. 2nd IUAPPA reg. Conf. Air Pollut. 1, 65-70.
20. Gilett, R. W. and Ayers, G. P., 1991: The use of thymol as a biocide in rainwater samples, Atm. Env. 254A, 2677-2681.
21. Greenberg et al., 1997: Experiment for Regional Sources and Sinks of Oxidants (EXPRESSO), Abstract prepared for presentation at the 1997 Fall AGU Meeting General Session on Atmospheric Chemistry, San Fransisco.
22. Hoffmann, P., Karandashev, V. K., Sinner, T., and Ortner, H. M., 1997: Chemical analysis of rain and snow samples from Chernogolovka/Russia by IC, TXRF and ICP-MS, Fresenius, J. Anal. Chem. 357, 1142-1148.
23. Jaenicke, R., 1993: Tropospheric aerosols, in P. V. Hobbs (ed.), Aerosol Cloud Climate Interactions, Academic Press, pp. 1-31.
24. Keene, W. C., Pszenny, A. A. P., Galloway, J. N., and Hartley, M. F., 1986: Sea-salt corrections and interpretation of constituant ratios in marine precipitation, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 6647-6658.
25. Keene, W. C., Galloway, J. N., and Holden Jr., J. D., 1983: Measurements of weak organic acidity in precipitation from remote areas of the world, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 5122-5130.
26. Lacaux, J. P. and Dovland, H., 1996: Acid deposition in Africa, in D. M. Whelpdale and M. S. Kaiser, Global Acid Deposition Assessment, World Meteorological Organization, Global Atmosphere Watch, No. 106.
27. Lacaux, J. P., Cachier, H., and Delmas, R., 1993: Biomass burning in Africa: An overview of its impact on atmospheric chemistry, in P. J. Crutzen (ed.), Fire in the Environnement: The Ecological, Atmospheric, and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fires, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
28. Lacaux, J. P, Servant, J. J., Loemba-Ndembi, Lefeivre, B., Cros, B., and Delmas, R., 1992: Biogenic emissions and biomass burning influences on the chemistry of the fogwater and stratiform precipitations in the African equatorial forest, Atmos. Environ. 26A, 541-551.
29. Lacaux, J. P., Delmas, R., Kouadio, G., Cros, B., and Andreae, M. O., 1992: Precipitation chemistry in the Mayombé forest of equatorial Africa, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 6195-6206.
30. Lacaux, J. P., Delmas, R., Cros, B., and Andreae, M. O., 1991: Influence of biomass burning emissions on precipitation chemistry in the equatorial forests of Africa, in J. S. Levine, Global Biomass Burning, MIT Cambridge.
31. Lacaux, J. P., Servant, J., Huertas, M. L., Cros, B., and Delmas, R., 1988: Precipitation chemistry from remote sites in African equatorial forest, Eos Trans. AGU 69, 1069.
32. Lacaux, J. P., Servant, J., and Baudet, J. G. R., 1987: Acid rain in the tropical forests of the Ivory Coast, Atmos. Environ. 21, 2643-2647.
33. 2O) from savannas in South Africa: The impact of wetting and burning, J. Geophys. Res. 101 (D19) 23,089-23,697.
34. Likens, G. E., Keene, W. C., Miller, J. M., and Galloway, J. N., 1987: Chemistry of precipitation from a remote terrestrial site in Australia, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 299-13,314.
35. Lobert, J. M., Scharffe, D. H., Hao, W. M., and Crutzen, P. J., 1990: Importance of biomass burning in the atmospheric budgets of nitrogen containing gases, Nature 346, 552-554.
36. Loÿe-Pilot, M. D., Martin, M., and Morelli, J., 1986: Influence of Saharan dust on the acidity and atmospheric input to the meditteraneum, Nature, 321, 427-728.
37. Matson, P. A., Vitousek, P. M., and Schimel, D. S., 1989: Regional extrapolation of trace gas flux based on soils and ecosystems, in D. S. Schimel and M. O. Andreae (eds.), Exchange of trace gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, John Wiley and Sons, LTD, pp. 97-108.
38. Marticorena, B. and Bergametti, G., 1995: Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle: 1-Design of a soil derived dust emission scheme, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 16,415-16,430.
39. Modi, A. I., Lacaux, J. P., Labroue, L., and Baudet, J. G. R., 1995: Chimie des aérosols et des pluies dans la savane semi-aride du Niger pendant la saison humide 1989, Sécheresse 6, 331-335.
40. N'Tchayi Mbourou, G., Bertrand, J. J., and Nicholson, S. E., 1997: The diurnal and seasonal cycles of wind-borne dust over Africa north of the equator, Journal of Applied Meteorology 36, 868-882.
41. Parsons, D. A. B., Scholes, M. C., Scholes, R. J., and Levine, J. S., 1996: Biogenic NO emissions from savanna soils as a function of fire regime, soil type, soil nitrogen, and water status, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 23,683-23,688.
42. Prospero, J. M., Schmitt, R., Cuevas, E., Savoie, D., Graustein, W., Turkenian, K., Volz.-Thomas, A., Oltmans, S., Levy, H., and Diaz, A., 1995: Temporal variability of ozone and aerosols in the free troposphere over the eastern North atlantic, Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 2925-2928.
43. Ravinshankara, A. R., 1997: Heterogeneous and multiphase chemistry in the troposphere, Science 276, 1058-1064.
44. Sanhueza, E., Arias, M. C., Donoso, L., Graterol, N., Hermoso, M., Marti, I., Romero, J., Rondon, A., and Santana, M., 1992: Chemical composition of acid rains in the Venezuelan savannah region, Tellus 44B, 54-62.
45. Sanhueza, E., 1986: Preliminary characterization of the Venezuelan environment with emphasis on possible acidification problems, Scope Workshop: Acidification in tropical countries, El Placer, Venezuala.
46. Savoie, D. L., Prospero, J. M., and Saltzman, E. S., 1989: Non sea salt sulfate and nitrate in trade wind aerosols at Barbados: Evidence for long range transport, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 5069-5080.
47. 3, Biogeochemistry 15, 191-211.
48. Schütz, L., Jaenicke, R., and Petrick, H., 1981: Saharan dust transport over the North Atlantic Ocean, in T. L. Péwé (ed.), Desert dust: Origin, Characteristics and Effect on Man, Geological Society of America, pp. 87-100.
49. Sequeira, R., 1987: The chemical nature of acid precipitation over Europe, Curr. Sci. 56, 314-318.
50. Sequeira R., 1993: On the large scale impact of arid dust on precipitation on the continental northern hemisphere 27A, 1553-1565.
51. Serça, D., Delmas, R., Jambert, C., and Labroue, L., 1994: Emission of nitrogen oxides from soils of equatorial rain forest in Central Africa; I: Origin and regulation of NO emission, Tellus 46B, 243-254.
52. Serça, D., Delmas, R., Le Roux, X., Parsons, D. A. B., Scholes, M. C., Abbadie, L., Lensi, R., and Labroue, L., 1997: Variability of nitrogen monoxide emissions from Afican tropical ecosystems. Submitted to Global Biogeochemical Cycles.
53. Servant, J., Delmas, R., Rancher, J., and Rodriguez, M., 1984: Aspects of the cycle of inorganic nitrogen compounds in the tropical rain forest of the Ivory Coast, J. Atm. Chem. 1, 391-401.
54. Whelpdale, D. M. and Kaiser, M. S., 1996: Global Acid Deposition Assessment, World Meteorological Organization, Global Atmosphere Watch, No. 106.
55. Williams, M. R., Fischer, T. M., and Melack, J. M., 1997: Chemical composition and deposition of rain in the Central Amazon, Brazil, Atmos. Environ. 31, 207-217.
56. Yoboué, V., 1991: Caractéristiques physiques et chimiques des aérosols et des pluies collectés dans la savanne humide de Côte d'Ivoire, PhD No. 914, Université Paul Sabatierde Toulouse.