Occasion Setting: A Neural Network Approach

Psychological Review

Volumn 105, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 3-32

  Schmajuk, Nestor A ^a   Lamoureux, Jeffrey A ^b   Holland, Peter C ^b  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONDITIONED REFLEX; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; NERVE CELL NETWORK; PHYSIOLOGY; PIGEONS AND DOVES; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; RAT; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; COLUMBIDAE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONDITIONING, CLASSICAL; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; NERVE NET; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; RATS;

EID: 0031601274     PISSN: 0033295X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.105.1.3     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Bonardi, C., & Hall, G. (1994a). Occasion-setting training renders stimuli more similar: Acquired equivalence between the targets of feature positive discriminations. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47B, 63-82.
2. Bonardi, C., & Hall, G. (1994b). A search for blocking of occasion setting using a nonexplicit training procedure. Learning and Motivation, 25, 105-125.
3. Bouton, M. E. (1994). Conditioning, remembering, and forgetting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 20(3), 219-231.
4. Bouton, M. E., & Nelson, J. B. (1994). Context-specificity of target versus feature inhibition in a feature-negative discrimination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 20, 51-65.
5. Bouton, M. E., & Swartzentruber, D. (1986). Analysis of the associative and occasion-setting properties of contexts participating in a Pavlovian discrimination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 12, 333-350.
6. Brandon, S. E., & Wagner, A. R. (1991). Modulation of a discrete Pavlovian conditioned reflex by a putative emotive Pavlovian conditioned stimulus. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 17, 299-311.
7. Colwill, R. M., & Rescorla, R. A. (1990). Evidence for the hierarchical structure of instrumental learning. Animal Learning and Behavior, 18, 71-82.
8. Davidson, T. L. (1993). The nature and function of interoceptive signals to feed: Toward an integration of physiological and learning perspectives. Psychological Review, 100, 640-657.
9. Davidson, T. L., & Rescorla, R. A. (1986). Transfer of facilitation in the rat. Animal Learning and Behavior, 14, 380-386.
10. Gluck, M. A., & Myers, C. E. (1993). Hippocampal mediation of stimulus representation: A computational theory. Hippocampus, 3, 491-516.
11. Gluck, M. A., & Myers, C. E. (1994). Context, conditioning, and hippocampal representation in animal learning. Behavioral Neuroscience, 108, 835-847.
12. Holland, P. C. (1977). Conditioned stimulus as a determinant of the form of the Pavlovian conditioned response. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 3, 77-104.
13. Holland P. C. (1983). Occasion-setting in Pavlovian feature positive discriminations. In M. L. Commons, R. J. Herrnstein, & A. R. Wagner (Eds.), Quantitative analyses of behavior: Discrimination processes (Vol. 4, pp. 183-206). New York: Ballinger.
14. Holland, P. C. (1986a). Temporal determinants of occasion setting in feature positive discriminations. Animal Learning and Behavior, 14, 111-120.
15. Holland, P. C. (1986b). Transfer after serial feature positive discrimination training. Learning and Motivation, 17, 243-268.
16. Holland, P. C. (1989a). Acquisition and transfer of conditional discrimination performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 15, 154-165.
17. Holland, P. C. (1989b). Feature extinction enhances transfer of occasion setting. Animal Learning and Behavior, 17, 269-279.
18. Holland, P. C. (1989c). Occasion setting with simultaneous compounds in rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 15, 183-193.
19. Holland, P. C. (1989d). Transfer of negative occasion setting and conditioned inhibition across conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 15, 311-328.
20. Holland, P. C. (1991). Learning, thirst, and drinking. In D. J. Ramsey & D. Booth (Eds.), Thirst: Physiological and psychological aspects (pp. 279-295). New York: Springer-Verlag.
21. Holland, P. C. (1992). Occasion setting in Pavlovian conditioning. In D. L. Medin (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 28, pp. 69-125). New York: Academic Press.
22. Holland, P. C., & Haas, M. L. (1993). The effects of target salience in operant feature positive discriminations. Learning and Motivation, 24, 119-140.
23. Holland, P. C., & Lamarre, J. (1984). Transfer of inhibition after serial and simultaneous feature negative discrimination training. Learning and Motivation, 15, 219-243.
24. Jarrard, L. E., & Davidson, T. L. (1991). On the hippocampus and learned conditional responding: Effects of aspiration versus ibotenate lesions. Hippocampus, 1, 103-113.
25. Jenkins, J. J., & Sainsbury, R. (1969). The development of stimulus control through differential reinforcement. In N. J. Mackintosh & W. K. Honig (Eds.), Fundamental issues in associative learning (pp. 123-161). Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Dalhousie University Press.
26. Kehoe, E. J. (1988). A layered network model of associative learning: Learning to learn and configuration. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 411-422.
27. Lamarre, J., & Holland, P. C. (1987). Acquisition and transfer of serial feature negative discriminations. Learning and Motivation, 18, 319-342.
28. LoLordo, V. M. (1979). Selective associations. In A. Dickinson & R. A. Boakes (Eds.), Mechanisms of learning and motivation (pp. 367-398). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
29. Morell, J. R., & Holland, P. C. (1993). Summation and transfer of negative occasion setting. Animal Learning and Behavior, 21, 145-153.
30. Pearce, J. M. (1987). A model for stimulus generalization in Pavlovian conditioning. Psychological Review, 94, 61-75.
31. Pearce, J. M. (1994). Similarity and discrimination: A selective review and a connectionist model. Psychological Review, 101, 587-607.
32. Pearce, J. M., & Hall, G. (1980). A model for Pavlovian learning: Variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli. Psychological Review, 106, 532-552.
33. Rescorla, R. A. (1973). Evidence of a "unique stimulus" account of configural conditioning. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 85, 331-338.
34. Rescorla, R. A. (1975). Pavlovian excitatory and inhibitory conditioning. In W. K. Estes (Ed.), Handbook of learning and cognitive processes (Vol. 2, pp. 7-35). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
35. Rescorla, R. A. (1985). Conditioned inhibition and facilitation. In R. R. Miller & N. E. Spear (Eds.), Information processing in animals: Conditioned inhibition (pp. 299-326). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
36. Rescorla, R. A. (1986). Facilitation and excitation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 12, 325-332.
37. Rescorla, R. A. (1988). Facilitation based on inhibition. Animal Learning and Behavior, 16, 169-176.
38. Rescorla, R. A. (1992). Hierarchical associative relations in Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental training. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1, 66-70.
39. Rescorla, R. A., & Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning II (pp. 64-99). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
40. Ross, R. T. (1983). Relationships between the determinants of performance in serial feature positive discriminations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 9, 349-373.
41. Ross, R. T., & Holland, P. C. (1981). Conditioning of simultaneous and serial feature-positive discriminations. Animal Learning and Behavior, 9, 293-303.
42. Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E., & Williams, G. E. (1986). Learning internal representations by error propagation. In D. E. Rumelhart & J. L. McClelland (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition, Vol 1: Foundations (pp. 110-149). Cambridge, MA: Bradford Books/MIT Press.
43. Schmajuk, N. A., & Buhusi, C. (1997). Stimulus configuration, occasion setting, and the hippocampus. Behavioral Neuroscience, 111, 235-258.
44. Schmajuk, N. A., & DiCarlo, J. J. (1992). Stimulus configuration, classical conditioning, and the hippocampus. Psychological Review, 99, 268-305.
45. Sidman, M. (1986). Functional analysis of emergent verbal classes. In T. Thompson & M. D. Zeiler (Eds.), Analysis and integration of behavioral units (pp. 213-235). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
46. Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
47. Sutherland, R. J., & Rudy, J. W. (1989). Configurai association theory: The role of the hippocampal formation in learning, memory, and amnesia. Psychobiology, 17, 129-144.
48. Sutton, R. S., & Barto, A. G. (1981). Toward a modern theory of adaptive networks: Expectation and prediction. Psychological Review, 88, 135-170.
49. Swartzentruber, D. (1995). Modulatory mechanisms in Pavlovian conditioning. Animal Learning and Behavior, 23, 123-143.
50. Wagner, A. R. (1981). SOP: A model of automatic memory processing in animal behavior. In N. E. Spear & R. R. Miller (Eds.), Information processing in animals: Memory mechanisms (pp. 5-47). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
51. Wagner, A. R. (1992). Some complexities anticipated by AESOP and other dual-representation theories. Paper abstracted in H. Kimmel (Chair), Symposium on Pavlovian Conditioning with Complex Stimuli, XXV International Congress of Psychology. International Journal of Psychology, 101-102.
52. Wagner, A. R., & Brandon, S. E. (1989). Evolution of a structured connectionist model of Pavlovian conditioning (AESOP). In S. B. Klein & R. R. Mower (Eds.), Contemporary learning theories: Pavlovian conditioning and the status of traditional learning theory (pp. 149-189). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
53. Werbos, P. (1987). Building and understanding adaptive systems: A statistical/numerical approach to factory automation and brain research. IEEE Transactions SMC, March/April.
54. Widrow, B., & Hoff, M. E. (1960). Adaptive switching circuits. 1960 IRE WESCON Convention Record, 96-104.
55. Wilson, P. N., & Pearce, J. M. (1989). A role for stimulus generalization in conditional discrimination learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41B, 243-273.
56. Wilson, P. N., & Pearce, J. M. (1990). Selective transfer of responding in conditional discriminations. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 42B, 41-58.