메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 81, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 457-478

Effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A on abducens motoneurons in the cat: Ultrastructural and synaptic alterations

Author keywords

Coated vesicles; Motoneurons; Neurotoxins; Oculomotor system; Spines; Vestibular

Indexed keywords

HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE; NEUROTOXIN;

EID: 0031559898     PISSN: 03064522     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00200-5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (59)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 0015237353 scopus 로고
    • Coated vesicles and synaptogenesis. A developmental study in the cerebellar cortex of the rat
    • Altman J. Coated vesicles and synaptogenesis. A developmental study in the cerebellar cortex of the rat. Brain Res. 30:1971;311-322.
    • (1971) Brain Res. , vol.30 , pp. 311-322
    • Altman, J.1
  • 2
    • 0001932401 scopus 로고
    • Morphological and physiological effects of axotomy on cat abducens motoneurons
    • (eds Flohr H. and Precht W.) Springer, Berlin
    • Baker R., Delgado-García J. M. and McCrea R. (1981) Morphological and physiological effects of axotomy on cat abducens motoneurons. In Lesion-Induced Neuronal Plasticity in Sensorimotor Systems (eds Flohr H. and Precht W.), pp. 51-63. Springer, Berlin.
    • (1981) In Lesion-Induced Neuronal Plasticity in Sensorimotor Systems , pp. 51-63
    • Baker, R.1    Delgado-García, J.M.2    McCrea, R.3
  • 3
    • 0014594019 scopus 로고
    • Postsynaptic potentials in abducens motoneurons induced by vestibular stimulation
    • Baker R. G., Mano N., Shimazu H. Postsynaptic potentials in abducens motoneurons induced by vestibular stimulation. Brain Res. 15:1969;577-580.
    • (1969) Brain Res. , vol.15 , pp. 577-580
    • Baker, R.G.1    Mano, N.2    Shimazu, H.3
  • 4
    • 0022397774 scopus 로고
    • Botulinum A neurotoxin inhibits non-cholinergic synaptic transmission in mouse spinal cord neurons in culture
    • Bigalke H., Dreyer F., Bergey G. Botulinum A neurotoxin inhibits non-cholinergic synaptic transmission in mouse spinal cord neurons in culture. Brain Res. 360:1985;318-324.
    • (1985) Brain Res. , vol.360 , pp. 318-324
    • Bigalke, H.1    Dreyer, F.2    Bergey, G.3
  • 6
    • 0014369295 scopus 로고
    • Displacement of synaptic terminals from regenerating motoneurons by microglial cells
    • Blinzinger K., Kreutzberg G. Displacement of synaptic terminals from regenerating motoneurons by microglial cells. Z. Zellforsch. mikrosk. Anat. 85:1968;145-157.
    • (1968) Z. Zellforsch. mikrosk. Anat. , vol.85 , pp. 145-157
    • Blinzinger, K.1    Kreutzberg, G.2
  • 7
    • 0026548056 scopus 로고
    • Changes in size and dendritic arborization patterns of adult cat spinal α-motoneurons following permanent axotomy
    • Brännström T., Havton L., Kellerth J.-O. Changes in size and dendritic arborization patterns of adult cat spinal α-motoneurons following permanent axotomy. J. comp. Neurol. 318:1992;439-451.
    • (1992) J. comp. Neurol. , vol.318 , pp. 439-451
    • Brännström, T.1    Havton, L.2    Kellerth, J.-O.3
  • 8
    • 0026572306 scopus 로고
    • Restorative effects of reinnervation on the size and dendritic arborization patterns of axotomized cat spinal α-motoneurons
    • Brännström T., Havton L., Kellerth J.-O. Restorative effects of reinnervation on the size and dendritic arborization patterns of axotomized cat spinal α-motoneurons. J. comp. Neurol. 318:1992;452-461.
    • (1992) J. comp. Neurol. , vol.318 , pp. 452-461
    • Brännström, T.1    Havton, L.2    Kellerth, J.-O.3
  • 9
    • 0017169490 scopus 로고
    • Physiological and morphological effects of post-ganglionic axotomy on presynaptic nerve terminals
    • Brenner H. R., Johnson E. W. Physiological and morphological effects of post-ganglionic axotomy on presynaptic nerve terminals. J. Physiol. 260:1976;143-158.
    • (1976) J. Physiol. , vol.260 , pp. 143-158
    • Brenner, H.R.1    Johnson, E.W.2
  • 10
    • 70449148569 scopus 로고
    • The action of tetanus toxin on the inhibition of motoneurones
    • Brooks V. B., Curtis D. R., Eccles J. C. The action of tetanus toxin on the inhibition of motoneurones. J. Physiol. 135:1957;655-672.
    • (1957) J. Physiol. , vol.135 , pp. 655-672
    • Brooks, V.B.1    Curtis, D.R.2    Eccles, J.C.3
  • 11
    • 0017874890 scopus 로고
    • Qualitative and quantitative study of synaptic displacement in chromatolyzed spinal motoneurons of the cat
    • Chen D. H. Qualitative and quantitative study of synaptic displacement in chromatolyzed spinal motoneurons of the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 177:1978;635-664.
    • (1978) J. comp. Neurol. , vol.177 , pp. 635-664
    • Chen, D.H.1
  • 12
    • 0014305851 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic patterns on different cell types in the different laminae of the cat visual cortex. An electron microscope study
    • Colonnier M. Synaptic patterns on different cell types in the different laminae of the cat visual cortex. An electron microscope study. Brain Res. 9:1968;268-287.
    • (1968) Brain Res. , vol.9 , pp. 268-287
    • Colonnier, M.1
  • 13
    • 0014431104 scopus 로고
    • Tetanus toxin and spinal inhibition
    • Curtis D. R., De Groat W. C. Tetanus toxin and spinal inhibition. Brain Res. 10:1968;208-212.
    • (1968) Brain Res. , vol.10 , pp. 208-212
    • Curtis, D.R.1    De Groat, W.C.2
  • 14
    • 0028144453 scopus 로고
    • Early postnatal changes in the somatodendritic morphology of ankle flexor motoneurons in the rat
    • Dekkers J., Becker D. L., Cook J. E., Navarrete R. Early postnatal changes in the somatodendritic morphology of ankle flexor motoneurons in the rat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 6:1994;87-97.
    • (1994) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 87-97
    • Dekkers, J.1    Becker, D.L.2    Cook, J.E.3    Navarrete, R.4
  • 15
    • 0028044691 scopus 로고
    • Effects of target depletion on adult mammalian central neurons: Morphological correlates
    • de la Cruz R. R., Pastor A. M., Delgado-García J. M. Effects of target depletion on adult mammalian central neurons: morphological correlates. Neuroscience. 58:1994;59-79.
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.58 , pp. 59-79
    • De la Cruz, R.R.1    Pastor, A.M.2    Delgado-García, J.M.3
  • 16
    • 0028011966 scopus 로고
    • Effects of target depletion on adult mammalian central neurons: Functional correlates
    • de la Cruz R. R., Pastor A. M., Delgado-García J. M. Effects of target depletion on adult mammalian central neurons: functional correlates. Neuroscience. 58:1994;81-97.
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.58 , pp. 81-97
    • De la Cruz, R.R.1    Pastor, A.M.2    Delgado-García, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 0030035984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the postsynaptic target on the functional properties of neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system
    • de la Cruz R. R., Pastor A. M., Delgado-García J. M. Influence of the postsynaptic target on the functional properties of neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system. Rev. Neurosci. 7:1996;115-149.
    • (1996) Rev. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 115-149
    • De la Cruz, R.R.1    Pastor, A.M.2    Delgado-García, J.M.3
  • 20
    • 0023846021 scopus 로고
    • Behavior of neurons in the abducens nucleus of the alert cat - III. Axotomized motoneurons
    • Delgado-García J. M., Del Pozo F., Spencer R. F., Baker R. Behavior of neurons in the abducens nucleus of the alert cat - III. Axotomized motoneurons. Neuroscience. 24:1988;143-160.
    • (1988) Neuroscience , vol.24 , pp. 143-160
    • Delgado-García, J.M.1    Del Pozo, F.2    Spencer, R.F.3    Baker, R.4
  • 21
    • 0019407188 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural study of vestibular and reticular projections to the abducens nucleus
    • Destombes S., Rouvière A. Ultrastructural study of vestibular and reticular projections to the abducens nucleus. Expl Brain Res. 43:1981;253-260.
    • (1981) Expl Brain Res. , vol.43 , pp. 253-260
    • Destombes, S.1    Rouvière, A.2
  • 22
    • 70449217789 scopus 로고
    • The behaviour of chromatolysed motoneurons studied by intracellular recording
    • Eccles J. C., Libet B., Young R. R. The behaviour of chromatolysed motoneurons studied by intracellular recording. J. Physiol. 143:1958;11-40.
    • (1958) J. Physiol. , vol.143 , pp. 11-40
    • Eccles, J.C.1    Libet, B.2    Young, R.R.3
  • 23
    • 0029072339 scopus 로고
    • LTP - A structural model to explain the inconsistencies
    • Edwards F. A. LTP - a structural model to explain the inconsistencies. Trends Neurosci. 18:1995;250-255.
    • (1995) Trends Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 250-255
    • Edwards, F.A.1
  • 24
    • 0027104119 scopus 로고
    • A physiological study of vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi neurones projecting to the abducens nucleus in the alert cat
    • Escudero M., de la Cruz R. R., Delgado-García J. M. A physiological study of vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi neurones projecting to the abducens nucleus in the alert cat. J. Physiol. 458:1992;539-560.
    • (1992) J. Physiol. , vol.458 , pp. 539-560
    • Escudero, M.1    De la Cruz, R.R.2    Delgado-García, J.M.3
  • 25
    • 0023942350 scopus 로고
    • Behavior of reticular, vestibular and prepositus neurons terminating in the abducens nucleus of the alert cat
    • Escudero M., Delgado-García J. M. Behavior of reticular, vestibular and prepositus neurons terminating in the abducens nucleus of the alert cat. Expl Brain Res. 71:1988;218-222.
    • (1988) Expl Brain Res. , vol.71 , pp. 218-222
    • Escudero, M.1    Delgado-García, J.M.2
  • 26
    • 0024179040 scopus 로고
    • Extraocular motor nuclei: location, morphology and afferents
    • (ed. Bhttner-Ennever J. A.) Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Evinger C. (1988) Extraocular motor nuclei: location, morphology and afferents. In Neuroanatomy of the Oculomotor System. Reviews of Oculomotor Research (ed. Bhttner-Ennever J. A.), Vol. 2, pp. 81-118. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1988) In Neuroanatomy of the Oculomotor System. Reviews of Oculomotor Research , vol.2 , pp. 81-118
    • Evinger, C.1
  • 27
    • 0018840596 scopus 로고
    • Selective synaptic changes following spinal motoneuron axotomy
    • Farel P. B. Selective synaptic changes following spinal motoneuron axotomy. Brain Res. 189:1980;67-77.
    • (1980) Brain Res. , vol.189 , pp. 67-77
    • Farel, P.B.1
  • 28
    • 0022722233 scopus 로고
    • Properties of self-reinnervated motor units of medial gastrocnemius of cat. II. Axotomized motoneurons and time course of recovery
    • Foehring R. C., Sypert G. W., Munson J. B. Properties of self-reinnervated motor units of medial gastrocnemius of cat. II. Axotomized motoneurons and time course of recovery. J. Neurophysiol. 55:1986;947-965.
    • (1986) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.55 , pp. 947-965
    • Foehring, R.C.1    Sypert, G.W.2    Munson, J.B.3
  • 29
    • 84968329909 scopus 로고
    • Properties of vestibulo-ocular neurones. In Control of Gaze by Brain Stem Neurons
    • (eds Baker R. and Berthoz A.) Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Grant K., Guéritaud J.-P., Horcholle-Bossavit G. and Tŷc-Dumont S. (1977) Properties of vestibulo-ocular neurones. In Control of Gaze by Brain Stem Neurons. Developments in Neuroscience (eds Baker R. and Berthoz A.), Vol. 1, pp. 235-241. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1977) Developments in Neuroscience , vol.1 , pp. 235-241
    • Grant, K.1    Guéritaud, J.-P.2    Horcholle-Bossavit, G.3    Tŷc-Dumont, S.4
  • 30
    • 0001186564 scopus 로고
    • Axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses of the cerebral cortex: An electron microscope study
    • Gray E. G. Axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses of the cerebral cortex: an electron microscope study. J. Anat. 93:1959;420-433.
    • (1959) J. Anat. , vol.93 , pp. 420-433
    • Gray, E.G.1
  • 31
    • 0016392380 scopus 로고
    • 125I-Labeled neurotoxin from Clostridium botulinum A: Preparation, binding to synaptosomes and ascent to the spinal cord
    • 125I-Labeled neurotoxin from Clostridium botulinum A: preparation, binding to synaptosomes and ascent to the spinal cord. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmac. 281:1974;47-56.
    • (1974) Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmac. , vol.281 , pp. 47-56
    • Habermann, E.1
  • 32
    • 0023829862 scopus 로고
    • 3H]GABA from rat brain homogenate
    • 3H]GABA from rat brain homogenate. Experientia. 44:1988;224-226.
    • (1988) Experientia , vol.44 , pp. 224-226
    • Habermann, E.1
  • 33
    • 0018161489 scopus 로고
    • Direct inhibitory synaptic linkage of pontomedullary reticular burst neurons with abducens motoneurons in the cat
    • Hikosaka O., Igusa Y., Nakao S., Shimazu H. Direct inhibitory synaptic linkage of pontomedullary reticular burst neurons with abducens motoneurons in the cat. Expl Brain Res. 33:1978;337-352.
    • (1978) Expl Brain Res. , vol.33 , pp. 337-352
    • Hikosaka, O.1    Igusa, Y.2    Nakao, S.3    Shimazu, H.4
  • 34
    • 0018395948 scopus 로고
    • Binding of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin to the presynaptic membrane in the central nervous system
    • Hirokawa N., Kitamura M. Binding of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin to the presynaptic membrane in the central nervous system. J. Cell Biol. 81:1979;43-49.
    • (1979) J. Cell Biol. , vol.81 , pp. 43-49
    • Hirokawa, N.1    Kitamura, M.2
  • 35
    • 0018860133 scopus 로고
    • Excitatory premotor burst neurons in the cat pontine reticular formation related to the quick phase of vestibular nystagmus
    • Igusa Y., Sasaki S., Shimazu H. Excitatory premotor burst neurons in the cat pontine reticular formation related to the quick phase of vestibular nystagmus. Brain Res. 182:1980;451-456.
    • (1980) Brain Res. , vol.182 , pp. 451-456
    • Igusa, Y.1    Sasaki, S.2    Shimazu, H.3
  • 36
    • 0026294983 scopus 로고
    • Perforated synapses and plasticity. A developmental overview
    • Jones D. G., Itarat W., Calverley R. K. S. Perforated synapses and plasticity. A developmental overview. Molec. Neurobiol. 5:1991;217-228.
    • (1991) Molec. Neurobiol. , vol.5 , pp. 217-228
    • Jones, D.G.1    Itarat, W.2    Calverley, R.K.S.3
  • 37
    • 0014879644 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of synaptic transmission by dendritic potentials in chromatolysed motoneurones of the cat
    • Kuno M., Llinás R. Enhancement of synaptic transmission by dendritic potentials in chromatolysed motoneurones of the cat. J. Physiol. 210:1970;807-821.
    • (1970) J. Physiol. , vol.210 , pp. 807-821
    • Kuno, M.1    Llinás, R.2
  • 38
    • 0014879384 scopus 로고
    • Alterations of synaptic action in chromatolysed motoneurones of the cat
    • Kuno M., Llinás R. Alterations of synaptic action in chromatolysed motoneurones of the cat. J. Physiol. 210:1970;823-838.
    • (1970) J. Physiol. , vol.210 , pp. 823-838
    • Kuno, M.1    Llinás, R.2
  • 39
    • 0016197384 scopus 로고
    • Differential reaction of fast and slow α-motoneurones to axotomy
    • Kuno M., Miyata Y., Muñoz-Martínez E. J. Differential reaction of fast and slow α-motoneurones to axotomy. J. Physiol. 240:1974;725-739.
    • (1974) J. Physiol. , vol.240 , pp. 725-739
    • Kuno, M.1    Miyata, Y.2    Muñoz-Martínez, E.J.3
  • 41
    • 0015197354 scopus 로고
    • The axon reaction: A review of the principal features of perikaryal responses to axon injury
    • Lieberman A. R. The axon reaction: a review of the principal features of perikaryal responses to axon injury. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 14:1971;49-123.
    • (1971) Int. Rev. Neurobiol. , vol.14 , pp. 49-123
    • Lieberman, A.R.1
  • 42
    • 0015211295 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in the abducens motoneurons associated with the quick relaxation phase of vestibular nystagmus
    • Maeda M., Shimazu H., Shinoda Y. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in the abducens motoneurons associated with the quick relaxation phase of vestibular nystagmus. Brain Res. 26:1971;420-424.
    • (1971) Brain Res. , vol.26 , pp. 420-424
    • Maeda, M.1    Shimazu, H.2    Shinoda, Y.3
  • 43
    • 0021807160 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical connections of the nucleus prepositus of the cat
    • McCrea R. A., Baker R. Anatomical connections of the nucleus prepositus of the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 237:1985;377-407.
    • (1985) J. comp. Neurol. , vol.237 , pp. 377-407
    • McCrea, R.A.1    Baker, R.2
  • 44
    • 0019160143 scopus 로고
    • Eye movement related activity and morphology of second order vestibular neurons terminating in the cat abducens nucleus
    • McCrea R. A., Yoshida K., Berthoz A., Baker R. Eye movement related activity and morphology of second order vestibular neurons terminating in the cat abducens nucleus. Expl Brain Res. 40:1980;468-473.
    • (1980) Expl Brain Res. , vol.40 , pp. 468-473
    • McCrea, R.A.1    Yoshida, K.2    Berthoz, A.3    Baker, R.4
  • 45
    • 0021330566 scopus 로고
    • Comparative activities of tetanus and botulinum toxins
    • Mellanby J. Comparative activities of tetanus and botulinum toxins. Neuroscience. 11:1984;29-34.
    • (1984) Neuroscience , vol.11 , pp. 29-34
    • Mellanby, J.1
  • 46
    • 0016233557 scopus 로고
    • Connectivity changes of Ia afferents on axotomized motoneurones
    • Mendell L. M., Munson J. B., Scott J. G. Connectivity changes of Ia afferents on axotomized motoneurones. Brain Res. 73:1974;338-342.
    • (1974) Brain Res. , vol.73 , pp. 338-342
    • Mendell, L.M.1    Munson, J.B.2    Scott, J.G.3
  • 47
    • 0028134740 scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxin alters the discharge characteristics of abducens motoneurons in the alert cat
    • Moreno-López B., de la Cruz R. R., Pastor A. M., Delgado-García J. M. Botulinum neurotoxin alters the discharge characteristics of abducens motoneurons in the alert cat. J. Neurophysiol. 72:1994;2041-2044.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.72 , pp. 2041-2044
    • Moreno-López, B.1    De la Cruz, R.R.2    Pastor, A.M.3    Delgado-García, J.M.4
  • 48
    • 0031559908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A on abducens motoneurons in the cat: Alterations of the discharge pattern
    • Moreno-López B., de la Cruz R. R., Pastor A. M., Delgado-García J. M. Effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A on abducens motoneurons in the cat: alterations of the discharge pattern. Neuroscience. 81:1996;437-455.
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.81 , pp. 437-455
    • Moreno-López, B.1    De la Cruz, R.R.2    Pastor, A.M.3    Delgado-García, J.M.4
  • 49
    • 0342275192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose dependent, central effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A. A pilot study in the alert behaving cat
    • Moreno-López B., Pastor A. M., de la Cruz R. R., Delgado-García J. M. Dose dependent, central effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A. A pilot study in the alert behaving cat. Neurology. 48:1996;456-464.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. 456-464
    • Moreno-López, B.1    Pastor, A.M.2    De la Cruz, R.R.3    Delgado-García, J.M.4
  • 50
    • 0011084420 scopus 로고
    • Effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A on abducens motoneurons: Ultrastructural and synaptic alterations
    • Pastor A. M., Moreno-López B., de la Cruz R. R., Delgado-García J. M. Effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A on abducens motoneurons: ultrastructural and synaptic alterations. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21:1995;749.
    • (1995) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.21 , pp. 749
    • Pastor, A.M.1    Moreno-López, B.2    De la Cruz, R.R.3    Delgado-García, J.M.4
  • 51
    • 0015520153 scopus 로고
    • Axotomy mimicked by localized colchicine application
    • Pilar G., Landmesser L. Axotomy mimicked by localized colchicine application. Science. 177:1972;1116-1118.
    • (1972) Science , vol.177 , pp. 1116-1118
    • Pilar, G.1    Landmesser, L.2
  • 52
    • 0025999401 scopus 로고
    • Axotomy-like changes in cat motoneuron electrical properties elicited by botulinum toxin depend on the complete elimination of neuromuscular transmission
    • Pinter M. J., Vanden Noven S., Muccio D., Wallace N. Axotomy-like changes in cat motoneuron electrical properties elicited by botulinum toxin depend on the complete elimination of neuromuscular transmission. J. Neurosci. 11:1991;657-666.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 657-666
    • Pinter, M.J.1    Vanden Noven, S.2    Muccio, D.3    Wallace, N.4
  • 53
    • 0017328594 scopus 로고
    • Tetanus toxin: Evidence for binding at presynaptic nerve endings
    • Price D. L., Griffin J. W., Peck K. Tetanus toxin: evidence for binding at presynaptic nerve endings. Brain Res. 121:1977;379-384.
    • (1977) Brain Res. , vol.121 , pp. 379-384
    • Price, D.L.1    Griffin, J.W.2    Peck, K.3
  • 54
    • 0016738156 scopus 로고
    • Tetanus toxin: Direct evidence for retrograde intraaxonal transport
    • Price D. L., Griffin J., Young A., Peck K., Stocks A. Tetanus toxin: direct evidence for retrograde intraaxonal transport. Science. 188:1975;945-947.
    • (1975) Science , vol.188 , pp. 945-947
    • Price, D.L.1    Griffin, J.2    Young, A.3    Peck, K.4    Stocks, A.5
  • 55
    • 0016754637 scopus 로고
    • Functional and structural changes in mammalian sympathetic neurones following interruption of their axons
    • Purves D. Functional and structural changes in mammalian sympathetic neurones following interruption of their axons. J. Physiol. 252:1975;429-463.
    • (1975) J. Physiol. , vol.252 , pp. 429-463
    • Purves, D.1
  • 56
    • 0014124225 scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing theoretical synaptic potentials computed for different soma-dendritic distributions of synaptic input
    • Rall W. Distinguishing theoretical synaptic potentials computed for different soma-dendritic distributions of synaptic input. J. Neurophysiol. 30:1967;1138-1168.
    • (1967) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.30 , pp. 1138-1168
    • Rall, W.1
  • 57
    • 52649114611 scopus 로고
    • The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain for electron microscopy
    • Reynolds E. S. The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain for electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 17:1963;208-212.
    • (1963) J. Cell Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 208-212
    • Reynolds, E.S.1
  • 58
    • 0014370974 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of abducens motoneurones by vestibular nerve stimulation
    • Richter A., Precht W. Inhibition of abducens motoneurones by vestibular nerve stimulation. Brain Res. 11:1968;701-705.
    • (1968) Brain Res. , vol.11 , pp. 701-705
    • Richter, A.1    Precht, W.2
  • 59
    • 0025054493 scopus 로고
    • Hypertrophy of inferior olivary neurons: A degenerative, regenerative or plasticity phenomenon
    • Ruigrok T. J. H., De Zeeuw C. I., Voogd J. Hypertrophy of inferior olivary neurons: a degenerative, regenerative or plasticity phenomenon. Eur. J. Morph. 28:1990;224-239.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Morph. , vol.28 , pp. 224-239
    • Ruigrok, T.J.H.1    De Zeeuw, C.I.2    Voogd, J.3
  • 60
    • 0017225223 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopic evidence for a transsynaptic migration of tetanus toxin in spinal cord motoneurons: An autoradiographic and morphometric study
    • Schwab M. E., Thoenen H. Electron microscopic evidence for a transsynaptic migration of tetanus toxin in spinal cord motoneurons: an autoradiographic and morphometric study. Brain Res. 105:1976;213-227.
    • (1976) Brain Res. , vol.105 , pp. 213-227
    • Schwab, M.E.1    Thoenen, H.2
  • 61
    • 0015901968 scopus 로고
    • Short latency utricular and canal input to ipsilateral abducens motoneurons
    • Schwindt P. C., Richter A., Precht W. Short latency utricular and canal input to ipsilateral abducens motoneurons. Brain Res. 60:1973;259-262.
    • (1973) Brain Res. , vol.60 , pp. 259-262
    • Schwindt, P.C.1    Richter, A.2    Precht, W.3
  • 62
    • 0030008847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dendritic spine: A multifunctional integrative unit
    • Shepherd G. M. The dendritic spine: a multifunctional integrative unit. J. Neurophysiol. 75:1996;2197-2210.
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.75 , pp. 2197-2210
    • Shepherd, G.M.1
  • 63
    • 0022479408 scopus 로고
    • Histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase in relation to motor neurons and internuclear neurons of the cat abducens nucleus
    • Spencer R. F., Baker R. Histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase in relation to motor neurons and internuclear neurons of the cat abducens nucleus. J. Neurocytol. 15:1986;137-154.
    • (1986) J. Neurocytol. , vol.15 , pp. 137-154
    • Spencer, R.F.1    Baker, R.2
  • 64
    • 0017666739 scopus 로고
    • An electron microscope study of motoneurones and interneurones in the cat abducens nucleus identified by retrograde intraaxonal transport of horseradish peroxidase
    • Spencer R. F., Sterling P. An electron microscope study of motoneurones and interneurones in the cat abducens nucleus identified by retrograde intraaxonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. J. comp. Neurol. 176:1977;65-86.
    • (1977) J. comp. Neurol. , vol.176 , pp. 65-86
    • Spencer, R.F.1    Sterling, P.2
  • 65
    • 0016768865 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative analysis of boutons with different types of synapse in normal and injured hypoglossal nuclei
    • Sumner B. E. H. A quantitative analysis of boutons with different types of synapse in normal and injured hypoglossal nuclei. Expl Neurol. 49:1975;406-417.
    • (1975) Expl Neurol. , vol.49 , pp. 406-417
    • Sumner, B.E.H.1
  • 66
    • 0017688441 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural responses of the hypoglossal nucleus to the presence in the tongue of botulinum toxin, a quantitative study
    • Sumner B. E. H. Ultrastructural responses of the hypoglossal nucleus to the presence in the tongue of botulinum toxin, a quantitative study. Expl Brain Res. 30:1977;313-321.
    • (1977) Expl Brain Res. , vol.30 , pp. 313-321
    • Sumner, B.E.H.1
  • 67
    • 0015759153 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative electron microscopy on the injured hypoglossal nucleus in the rat
    • Sumner B. H. E., Sutherland F. I. Quantitative electron microscopy on the injured hypoglossal nucleus in the rat. J. Neurocytol. 2:1973;315-328.
    • (1973) J. Neurocytol. , vol.2 , pp. 315-328
    • Sumner, B.H.E.1    Sutherland, F.I.2
  • 68
    • 0015238695 scopus 로고
    • Retraction and expansion of the dendritic tree of motor neurones of adult rats induced in vivo
    • Sumner B. H. E., Watson W. E. Retraction and expansion of the dendritic tree of motor neurones of adult rats induced in vivo. Nature New Biol. 233:1971;273-275.
    • (1971) Nature New Biol. , vol.233 , pp. 273-275
    • Sumner, B.H.E.1    Watson, W.E.2
  • 69
    • 0020554106 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic efficacy of inhibitory synapses in hypoglossal motoneurons after transection of the hypoglossal nerves
    • Takata M., Nagahama T. Synaptic efficacy of inhibitory synapses in hypoglossal motoneurons after transection of the hypoglossal nerves. Neuroscience. 10:1983;23-29.
    • (1983) Neuroscience , vol.10 , pp. 23-29
    • Takata, M.1    Nagahama, T.2
  • 70
    • 0025050760 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic efficacy of inhibitory synapses and repetitive firing in the reinnervating trigeminal and hypoglossal motoneurons
    • Takata M., Tomomune N., Nagahama T., Tomioka S., Nakajo N. Synaptic efficacy of inhibitory synapses and repetitive firing in the reinnervating trigeminal and hypoglossal motoneurons. Neuroscience. 36:1990;785-792.
    • (1990) Neuroscience , vol.36 , pp. 785-792
    • Takata, M.1    Tomomune, N.2    Nagahama, T.3    Tomioka, S.4    Nakajo, N.5
  • 71
    • 0025280098 scopus 로고
    • Axotomy-induced alterations in the electrophysiological characteristics of neurons
    • Titmus M. J., Faber D. S. Axotomy-induced alterations in the electrophysiological characteristics of neurons. Prog. Neurobiol. 35:1990;1-51.
    • (1990) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.35 , pp. 1-51
    • Titmus, M.J.1    Faber, D.S.2
  • 72
    • 0028350886 scopus 로고
    • Monosynaptic and disynaptic connections in the utriculo-ocular reflex arc of the cat
    • Uchino Y., Ikegami H., Sasaki M., Endo K., Imagawa M., Isu N. Monosynaptic and disynaptic connections in the utriculo-ocular reflex arc of the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 71:1994;950-958.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.71 , pp. 950-958
    • Uchino, Y.1    Ikegami, H.2    Sasaki, M.3    Endo, K.4    Imagawa, M.5    Isu, N.6
  • 73
    • 0000602118 scopus 로고
    • Clostridial toxins and the central nervous system: studies on in situ tissues
    • (ed. Simpson L. L.) Academic, San Diego
    • Wellhöner H. H. (1989) Clostridial toxins and the central nervous system: studies on in situ tissues. In Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin (ed. Simpson L. L.), pp. 231-253. Academic, San Diego.
    • (1989) In Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin , pp. 231-253
    • Wellhöner H., H.1
  • 75
    • 0021115006 scopus 로고
    • Granular coated vesicles in the goldfish Mauthner cell following axotomy
    • Wood M. R., Faber D. S. Granular coated vesicles in the goldfish Mauthner cell following axotomy. Brain Res. 273:1983;341-346.
    • (1983) Brain Res. , vol.273 , pp. 341-346
    • Wood, M.R.1    Faber, D.S.2
  • 76
    • 0022577124 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological and morphological correlates of axotomy-induced deafferentation of the goldfish Mauthner cell
    • Wood M. R., Faber D. S. Electrophysiological and morphological correlates of axotomy-induced deafferentation of the goldfish Mauthner cell. J. comp. Neurol. 244:1986;413-429.
    • (1986) J. comp. Neurol. , vol.244 , pp. 413-429
    • Wood, M.R.1    Faber, D.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.