Aqueous free radical chemistry of mercury in the presence of iron oxides and ambient aerosol

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 31, Issue 24, 1997, Pages 4125-4137

  Lin, Che Jen ^a   Pehkonen, Simo O ^a  

^a University of Cincinnati   (United States)

Author keywords

Atmospheric waters; Heterogeneous reactions; Hydroperoxyl radicals; Hydroxyl radicals; Mercury transformations; Photochemistry; Redox

Indexed keywords

AQUEOUS FREE RADICAL CHEMISTRY; HYDROPEROXYL RADICALS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; MERCURY TRANSFORMATIONS;

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; FREE RADICALS; IRON OXIDES; MERCURY (METAL); PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS; REDOX REACTIONS;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY;

ACETIC ACID; CARBOXYLIC ACID; FERRIC HYDROXIDE; FERRIC OXIDE; FORMIC ACID; HYDROXYL RADICAL; IRON OXIDE; MERCURY; NITRATE; OXALIC ACID;

AEROSOL PARTICLE; AQUEOUS PHOTOREDUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; IRON OXIDE; MERCURY;

AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; KINETICS; OXIDATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTOLYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUNLIGHT;

EID: 0031542977     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00269-0     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Anastasio, C., Faust, B. C. and Rao, C. J. (1997) Aromatic carbonyl compounds as aqueous-phase photochemical sources of hydrogen peroxide in acidic sulfate aerosols, fogs and clouds: 1. non-phenolic methoxybenzaldehydes and methoxyacetophenones with reductants (phenols). Environmental Science and Technology 31, 218-232.
2. Arakaki, T., Anastasio, C., Shu, P. G. and Faust, B. C. (1995) Aqueous-phase photoproduction of hydrogen peroxide in authentic cloud waters: wavelength dependence, and the effect of filtration and freeze-thaw cycles. Atmospheric Environment 29, 1697-1703.
3. APHA, AWWA and WEF (1985) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th edn, pp. 232-234.
4. Brosset, C. (1987) The Behavior of Mercury in the Physical Environment. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 34, 145-166.
5. Buxton, G. V., Greenstock, C. L., Helman, W. P. and Ross, A. B. (1988) Critical review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution. Journal of Physical Chemistry Reference Data 17, 513-780.
6. Clever, H. L., Johnson, S. A. and Derrick, M. E. (1985) The solubility of mercury and some sparingly soluble mercury salts in water and aqueous electrolyte solution. Journal of Physical Chemistry Reference Data 14, 631-680.
7. Dedik, A. N., Hoffmann, P. and Ensling J. (1992) Chemical characterization of iron in atmospheric aerosols. Atmospheric Environment 26A, 2545-2548.
8. Edner, H., Ragnarson, P., Svanberg, S., Wallinder, E., Ferrara, R., Maserti, B. E. and Bargagli, R. (1993) Atmospheric mercury mapping in a cinnabar mining area. Science of the Total Environment 133, 1-15.
9. Erel, Y., Pehkonen S. O. and Hoffmann, M. R. (1993) Redox chemistry of iron in fog and stratus clouds. Journal of Geophysical Research. A. 98, 18,423-18,434.
10. •OH radicals in clouds, fog and rain. Atmospheric Environment 24 A, 79-89.
11. Faust, B. C. and Allen, J. M. (1993) Aqueous-phase photochemical formation of hydroxyl radical in authentic cloudwaters and fogwaters. Environmental Science and Technology 27, 1221-1224.
12. Faust, B. C., Powell, K., Rao, C. J. and Anastasio, C. (1997) Aqueous-phase photolysis of biacetyl (an α-dicarbonyl compound): a sink for biacetyl, and a source of acetic acid, peroxyacetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and the highly oxidizing acetylperoxyl radical in aqueous aerosols, fogs and clouds. Atmospheric Environment 31, 497-510.
13. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. and Pitts, J. N., Jr. (1986) Atmospheric Chemistry: Fundamentals and Experimental Techniques. Wiley, New York.
14. Fitzgerald, W. F. (1986) Cycling of mercury between the atmosphere and oceans. In The Role of Air - Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling, ed. P. Buat-Menard, NATO Advanced Institute Series, pp. 363-408. Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
15. Fitzgerald, W. F., Mason, R. P. and Vandal, G. M. (1991) Atmospheric cycling and air-water exchange of mercury over mid-continental lacustrine regions. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 56, 745-767.
16. Fukasawa, T., Iwatsuki, M., Kawakubo, S. and Miyazaki, K. (1980) Heavy-liquid separation and X-ray diffraction analysis of airborne particulates. Analytical Chemistry 52, 1784-1788.
17. Glass, G. E., Sorensen, J. A., Schmidt, K. W. and Rapp, G. R. Jr. (1990) New source identification of mercury contamination in great lakes. Environmental Science and Technology 24, 1059-1069.
18. Hall, B. (1995) The gas phase oxidation of elemental mercury by ozone. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 80, 301-315.
19. Hoigné, J. (1990) Formulation and calibration of environmental reaction kinetics, ed. oxidations by aqueous photooxidants as an example. In Aquatic Chemical Kinetics, ed. W. Stumm, pp. 43-71. Wiley-Interscience, New York.
20. Iverfeldt, Å. and Lindqvist, O. (1986) Atmospheric oxidation of elemental mercury in the aqueous phase. Atmospheric Environment 20, 1567-1573
21. •OH in remote clouds and its role in the production of formic acid and peroxymonosulfate. Journal of Geophysical Research 91, 9807-9826.
22. Kawamura, K. and Kaplan, I. R. (1989) Organic compounds in rainwater. In Organic Compounds in Rainwater, 1st Edn, eds L. D. Hansen and D. J Eatough, pp. 233-284. CRC Press, Boston.
23. Lamborg, C. H., Fitzgerald, W. F., Vandal, G. M. and Rolfhus, K. R. (1991) Atmospheric mercury in northern Wisconsin: sources and species. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 80, 198.
24. Leland, J. K. and Bard, A. J. (1987) Photochemistry of colloidal semiconducting iron oxide polymorphs. Journal of Physical Chemistry 91, 5076-5083.
25. Lindqvist, O. and Rodhe, H. (1985) Atmospheric mercury - a review. Tellus 27B, 136-159.
26. Lindqvist, O., Johansson, K., Aastrup, M., Anderson, A., Bringmark, L., Hovsenius, G., Håkanson, L., Iverfeldt, Å., Meili, M. and Timm, B. (1991) Mercury in the Swedish Environment. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 55, 261.
27. McElroy, W. J. (1986) Sources of hydrogen peroxide in cloudwater. Atmospheric Environment, 22, 1699-1706.
28. Mason, R. P., Fitzgerald, W. F. and Morel, F. M. M. (1994) The biogeochemical cycling of elemental mercury: anthropogenic influences. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 58, 3191-3198.
29. Mason, R. P., Reinfelder, J. R. and Morel, F. M. M. (1996) Uptake, toxicity and trophic transfer of mercury in a coastal diatom. Environmental Science and Technology 30, 1835-1845.
30. Munthe, J. (1992) The aqueous oxidation of elemental mercury by ozone. Atmospheric Environment 26A, 1461-1468.
31. Munthe, J. and McElroy, W. J. (1992) Some aqueous reactions of potential importance in the atmospheric chemistry of mercury. Atmospheric Environment 26A, 553-557.
32. Munthe, J., Xiao, Z. F. and Lindqvist, O. (1991) The aqueous reduction of divalent mercury by sulfite. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 56, 621-630.
33. Nriagu, J. O. (1993) Legacy of mercury pollution. Nature 363, 589.
34. Nriagu, J. O. (1994a) Mercury pollution from the past mining of gold and silver in the Americas. Science of the Total Environment 149, 167-181,
35. Nriagu, J. O. (1994b) Mechanistic steps in the photoreduction of mercury in natural waters. Science of the Total Environment 154, 1-8.
36. Pehkonen, S. O. and Lin, C.-J. (1997) Aqueous photochemistry of divalent mercury with organic acids. Journal of AWMA, in press.
37. Pehkonen, S. O., Siefert, R. L., Erel, Y., Webb, S. and Hoffmann, M. R. (1993) Photoreduction of iron oxyhydroxides in the presence of important atmospheric organic compounds. Environmental Science and Technology 27, 2056-2062.
38. Petersen, G., Iverfeldt, Å. and Munthe, J. (1995) Atmospheric mercury species over central and northern Europe -model calculations and comparison with observations from the Nordic air and precipitation network for 1987 and 1988. Atmospheric Environment 29, 46-67.
39. Pleijel, K. and Munthe, J. (1995) Modeling the atmospheric mercury cycle - chemistry in fog droplets. Atmospheric Environment 29, 1441-1457.
40. Schroeder, W. H., Yarwood, G. and Niki, H. (1991) Transformation processes involving mercury species in the atmosphere - results from a literature survey. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 56, 653-666.
41. Schwertmann, U. and Cornell, R. M. (1991) Iron Oxides in the Laboratory, 1st Edn, VCH, Weinheim, Germany.
42. Seigneur, C., Wrobel, J. and Constantinou, E. (1994) A chemical kinetic mechanism for atmospheric inorganic mercury. Environmental Science and Technology 28, 1589-1597.
43. Siffert, C. and Sulzberger, B. (1991) Light-induced dissolution of hematite in the presence of oxalate: a case study. Langmuir 7, 1627-1634.
44. Skurlatov, Y. I., Zepp, R. G. and Baughman, G. L. (1983) Photolysis rate of (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetic acid and amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid in natural waters. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 31, 1065-1071.
45. Slemr, F. and Langer, E. (1992) Increase in global atmospheric concentrations of mercury inferred from measurements over the Atlantic Ocean. Nature 355, 434-437.
46. Smith, R. M. and Martell, A. E. (1976) Critical Stability Constants. Plenum Press Inc., New York.
47. Sorensen, J. A., Glass, G. E. and Schmidt, K. W. (1994) Regional patterns of wet mercury deposition. Environmental Science and Technology, 28, 2025-2032.
48. Westall, J. C. (1986) MICROQL, a chemical equilibrium program in BASIC. Report 86-02, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
49. White, D. M. and Jackson, A. M. (1992) Technical Work Paper on Mercury Emission from Waste Combustors, Prepared for Air Quality Division, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency: St. Paul, MN.
50. Xiao, Z. F., Munthe, J., Schroeder, W. H. and Lindqvist, O. (1991) Vertical fluxes of volatile mercury over forest soil and lake surfaces in Sweden. Tellus 43B, 267-279.
51. Xiao, Z. F., Munthe, J., Stromberg, D. and Lindqvist, O. (1994) Photochemical behavior of inorganic mercury compound in aqueous solution. In Mercury as a Global Pollutant - Integration and Synthesis, eds C. J. Watras and J. W. Huckabee, Lewis Publisher.
52. Zepp, R. G., Hoigné, J. and Bader, H. (1987) Nitrate induced photooxidation of trace organic chemicals in water. Environmental Science and Technology 21, 443-450.
53. Zuo, Y. and Hoigné, J. (1992) Formation of hydrogen peroxide and depletion of oxalic acid in atmospheric water by photolysis of iron(III)-oxalato compounds. Environmental Science and Technology 26, 1014-1022.