메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 497-510

Aqueous-phase photolysis of biacetyl (an α-dicarbonyl compound): A sink for biacetyl and a source of acetic acid, peroxyacetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and the highly oxidizing acetylperoxyl radical in aqueous aerosols, fogs, and clouds

Author keywords

Acetic acid; Acidity; Aerosol; Carbonyl; Cloud; Dicarbonyl; Diketone; Fog; Hydrogen peroxide; Ketone; Methylhydroperoxide; Organic acid; Organic peroxide; Oxidant; Peracetic acid; Peroxyacetic acid; Photochemistry; Pyruvic acid; Quantum yield; Sunlight; Wavelength

Indexed keywords

2,3 BUTANEDIONE; ACETIC ACID; CARBOXYLIC ACID; FORMALDEHYDE; FORMIC ACID; GLYOXAL; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; PERACETIC ACID; PHENOL; PYRUVIC ACID;

EID: 0030617395     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00171-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (45)

References (63)
  • 2
    • 0028569986 scopus 로고
    • Aqueous phase photochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide in authentic cloud waters
    • Anastasio C., Faust B. C. and Allen J. M. (1994) Aqueous phase photochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide in authentic cloud waters. J. geophys. Res. 99, 8231-8248.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 8231-8248
    • Anastasio, C.1    Faust, B.C.A.2    Allen, J.M.3
  • 3
    • 0028990422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aqueous-phase photoproduction of hydrogen peroxide in authentic cloud waters: Wavelength dependence, and the effects of filtration and freeze-thaw cycles
    • Arakaki T., Anastasio C., Shu P. G. and Faust B. C. Aqueous-phase photoproduction of hydrogen peroxide in authentic cloud waters: wavelength dependence, and the effects of filtration and freeze-thaw cycles. Atmospheric Environment 29, 1697-1703.
    • Atmospheric Environment , vol.29 , pp. 1697-1703
    • Arakaki, T.1    Anastasio, C.2    Shu, P.G.A.3    Faust, B.C.4
  • 5
    • 0002561475 scopus 로고
    • Transfer of triplet state energy in fluid solutions
    • Bäckström H. L. J. and Sandros K. (1960) Transfer of triplet state energy in fluid solutions. Acta Chem. Scan. 14, 48-62.
    • (1960) Acta Chem. Scan. , vol.14 , pp. 48-62
    • Bäckström, H.L.J.1    Sandros, K.2
  • 10
    • 0020095760 scopus 로고
    • The reversible hydration of carbonyl compounds in aqueous solution, part I: The keto/gem-diol equilibrium
    • Buschmann H.-J., Dutkiewicz E. and Knoche W. (1980) The reversible hydration of carbonyl compounds in aqueous solution, Part I: The keto/gem-diol equilibrium. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 86, 129-134.
    • (1980) Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. , vol.86 , pp. 129-134
    • Buschmann, H.-J.1    Dutkiewicz, E.2    Knoche, W.3
  • 11
    • 0020095760 scopus 로고
    • The reversible hydration of carbonyl compounds in aqueous solution, part II: The kinetics of the keto/gem-diol transition
    • Buschmann H.-J., Dutkiewicz E. and Knoche W. (1982) The reversible hydration of carbonyl compounds in aqueous solution, Part II: The kinetics of the keto/gem-diol transition. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 86, 129-134.
    • (1982) Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. , vol.86 , pp. 129-134
    • Buschmann, H.-J.1    Dutkiewicz, E.2    Knoche, W.3
  • 12
    • 0001169288 scopus 로고
    • Acetaldehyde autooxidation. I. Products of termination
    • Clinton N. A., Kenley R. A. and Trayior T. G. (1975) Acetaldehyde autooxidation. I. Products of termination. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 3746-3751.
    • (1975) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.97 , pp. 3746-3751
    • Clinton, N.A.1    Kenley, R.A.2    Trayior, T.G.3
  • 13
    • 0025180540 scopus 로고
    • Intensive studies of Sierra Nevada cloudwater chemistry and its relationship to precursor aerosol and gas concentrations
    • Collett Jr. J. L., Daube Jr. B. C., Gunz D. and Hoffmann M. R. (1990) Intensive studies of Sierra Nevada cloudwater chemistry and its relationship to precursor aerosol and gas concentrations. Atmospheric Environment 24A, 1741-1757.
    • (1990) Atmospheric Environment , vol.24 A , pp. 1741-1757
    • Collett J.L., Jr.1    Daube B.C., Jr.2    Gunz, D.3    Hoffmann, M.R.4
  • 15
    • 37049101824 scopus 로고
    • Studies on singlet oxygen in aqueous solution. Part 3. The decomposition of peroxy-acids
    • Evans D. F. and Upton M. W. (1985) Studies on singlet oxygen in aqueous solution. Part 3. The decomposition of peroxy-acids. J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1151-1153.
    • (1985) J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. , pp. 1151-1153
    • Evans, D.F.1    Upton, M.W.2
  • 16
    • 0022577765 scopus 로고
    • An improved HPLC method for carbonyl compound speciation in the atmospheric liquid phase
    • Facchini M. C., Chiavari G. and Fuzzi S. (1986) An improved HPLC method for carbonyl compound speciation in the atmospheric liquid phase. Chemosphere 15, 667-674.
    • (1986) Chemosphere , vol.15 , pp. 667-674
    • Facchini, M.C.1    Chiavari, G.2    Fuzzi, S.3
  • 17
    • 0000637923 scopus 로고
    • Generation and use of simulated sunlight in photochemical studies of liquid solutions
    • Faust B. C. (1993) Generation and use of simulated sunlight in photochemical studies of liquid solutions. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 577-578.
    • (1993) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.64 , pp. 577-578
    • Faust, B.C.1
  • 18
    • 0027073542 scopus 로고
    • Aqueous-phase photochemical sources of peroxyl radicals and singlet molecular oxygen in clouds and fog
    • Faust B. C. and Allen J. M. (1992) Aqueous-phase photochemical sources of peroxyl radicals and singlet molecular oxygen in clouds and fog. J. geophys. Res. 97, 12,913-12,926.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 12913-12926
    • Faust, B.C.1    Allen, J.M.2
  • 20
    • 84985351208 scopus 로고
    • A continuous stirred tank reactor investigation of the gas-phase reaction of hydroxyl radicals and toluene
    • Gery M. W., Fox D. L., Jeffries H. E., Stockburger L. and Weathers W. S. (1985) A continuous stirred tank reactor investigation of the gas-phase reaction of hydroxyl radicals and toluene. Int. J. Chem. Kinetics 17, 931-955.
    • (1985) Int. J. Chem. Kinetics , vol.17 , pp. 931-955
    • Gery, M.W.1    Fox, D.L.2    Jeffries, H.E.3    Stockburger, L.4    Weathers, W.S.5
  • 21
    • 0000659605 scopus 로고
    • A nuclear magnetic resonance study of the reversible hydration of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. I. Oxygen-17 and proton spectra and equilibrium constants
    • Greenzaid P., Luz Z. and Samuel D. (1967) A nuclear magnetic resonance study of the reversible hydration of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. I. Oxygen-17 and proton spectra and equilibrium constants. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 749-756.
    • (1967) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.89 , pp. 749-756
    • Greenzaid, P.1    Luz, Z.2    Samuel, D.3
  • 22
    • 0000887799 scopus 로고
    • A new sensitive chemical actinometer II, potassium ferrioxalate as a standard chemical actinometer
    • Hatchard C. G. and Parker C. A. (1956) A new sensitive chemical actinometer II, potassium ferrioxalate as a standard chemical actinometer. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A. 235, 518-536.
    • (1956) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A. , vol.235 , pp. 518-536
    • Hatchard, C.G.1    Parker, C.A.2
  • 23
    • 0025925626 scopus 로고
    • Formation and occurrence of organic hydroperoxides in the troposphere: Laboratory and field observations
    • Hewitt C. N. and Kok G. L. (1991) Formation and occurrence of organic hydroperoxides in the troposphere: laboratory and field observations. J. atmos. Chem. 12, 181-194.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Chem. , vol.12 , pp. 181-194
    • Hewitt, C.N.1    Kok, G.L.2
  • 24
    • 0000077350 scopus 로고
    • Pulse radiolytic investigations of peroxy radicals produced from 2-propanol and methanol
    • Ilan Y., Rabani J. and Henglein A. (1976) Pulse radiolytic investigations of peroxy radicals produced from 2-propanol and methanol. J. phys. Chem. 80, 1558-1562.
    • (1976) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.80 , pp. 1558-1562
    • Ilan, Y.1    Rabani, J.2    Henglein, A.3
  • 25
    • 0000054544 scopus 로고
    • Considerations regarding sources for formic and acetic acids in the troposphere
    • Keene W. C. and Galloway J. N. (1986) Considerations regarding sources for formic and acetic acids in the troposphere. J. geophys. Res. 91, 14,466-14,474.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 14466-14474
    • Keene, W.C.1    Galloway, J.N.2
  • 26
    • 0029412348 scopus 로고
    • Shenandoah cloud and photochemistry experiment (SCAPE): Overview
    • Keene W. C., Jacob D. J., Talbot R. W. and Munger J. W. (1995) Shenandoah cloud and photochemistry experiment (SCAPE): overview. J. geophys. Res. 100, 9313-9314.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 9313-9314
    • Keene, W.C.1    Jacob, D.J.2    Talbot, R.W.3    Munger, J.W.4
  • 27
    • 0005334957 scopus 로고
    • Radical-induced decomposition of peracetic acid
    • Kenley R. A. and Traylor T. G. (1975) Radical-induced decomposition of peracetic acid. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 4700-4706.
    • (1975) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.97 , pp. 4700-4706
    • Kenley, R.A.1    Traylor, T.G.2
  • 29
    • 0002905711 scopus 로고
    • Flash photolytic generation and study of reactive species: From enols to ynols
    • Kresge A. J. (1990) Flash photolytic generation and study of reactive species: from enols to ynols. Acc. Chem. Res. 23, 43-48.
    • (1990) Acc. Chem. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 43-48
    • Kresge, A.J.1
  • 30
    • 0342308949 scopus 로고
    • Photoenolization of biacetyl
    • Lemaire J. (1967) Photoenolization of biacetyl. J. phys. Chem. 71, 2653-2660.
    • (1967) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.71 , pp. 2653-2660
    • Lemaire, J.1
  • 32
    • 0020955507 scopus 로고
    • The composition and deposition of organic carbon in precipitation
    • Likens G. E., Edgerton E. S. and Galloway J. N. (1983) The composition and deposition of organic carbon in precipitation. Tellus 35B, 16-24.
    • (1983) Tellus , vol.35 B , pp. 16-24
    • Likens, G.E.1    Edgerton, E.S.2    Galloway, J.N.3
  • 33
    • 0001663514 scopus 로고
    • Henry's law determinations for aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and peroxyacetic acid
    • Lind J. A. and Kok G. L. (1986) Henry's law determinations for aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and peroxyacetic acid. J. geophys. Res. 91, 7889-7895.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 7889-7895
    • Lind, J.A.1    Kok, G.L.2
  • 34
    • 0028533361 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of major components emitted from smoldering combustion of wood
    • McKenzie L. M., Hao W. M., Richards G. N. and Ward D. E. (1994) Quantification of major components emitted from smoldering combustion of wood. Atmospheric Environment 28, 3285-3292.
    • (1994) Atmospheric Environment , vol.28 , pp. 3285-3292
    • McKenzie, L.M.1    Hao, W.M.2    Richards, G.N.3    Ward, D.E.4
  • 36
    • 37049085085 scopus 로고
    • One- and two-electron reduction potentials of peroxyl radicals and related species
    • Merényi G., Lind J. and Engman L. (1994) One- and two-electron reduction potentials of peroxyl radicals and related species. J. Chem. Soc. Perk. Trans. 2, 2551-2553.
    • (1994) J. Chem. Soc. Perk. Trans. , vol.2 , pp. 2551-2553
    • Merényi, G.1    Lind, J.2    Engman, L.3
  • 38
    • 0029412347 scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal in air and cloudwater at a rural mountain site in Central Virginia
    • Munger J. W., Jacob D. J., Daube B. C., Horowitz L. W., Keene W. C. and Heikes B. G. (1995) Formaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal in air and cloudwater at a rural mountain site in central Virginia. J. geophys. Res. 100, 9325-9333.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 9325-9333
    • Munger, J.W.1    Jacob, D.J.2    Daube, B.C.3    Horowitz, L.W.4    Keene, W.C.5    Heikes, B.G.6
  • 39
    • 0000877581 scopus 로고
    • Rate constants for reduction of substituted methylperoxyl radicals by ascorbate ions and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
    • Neta P., Huie R. E., Mosseri S., Shastri L. V., Mittal J. P., Maruthamuthu P. and Steenken S. (1989) Rate constants for reduction of substituted methylperoxyl radicals by ascorbate ions and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine. J. phys. Chem. 93, 4099-4104.
    • (1989) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.93 , pp. 4099-4104
    • Neta, P.1    Huie, R.E.2    Mosseri, S.3    Shastri, L.V.4    Mittal, J.P.5    Maruthamuthu, P.6    Steenken, S.7
  • 40
    • 33645331391 scopus 로고
    • Rate constants for reactions of peroxyl radicals in fluid solution
    • Neta P., Huie R. E. and Ross A. B. (1990) Rate constants for reactions of peroxyl radicals in fluid solution. J. phys. Chem. Ref. Data 19, 413-415.
    • (1990) J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , vol.19 , pp. 413-415
    • Neta, P.1    Huie, R.E.2    Ross, A.B.3
  • 41
    • 0016232184 scopus 로고
    • The formation of glyoxals by the photochemical reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of nitrogen monoxide
    • Nojima K., Fukaya K., Fukui S. and Kanno S. (1974) The formation of glyoxals by the photochemical reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of nitrogen monoxide. Chemosphere 5, 247-252.
    • (1974) Chemosphere , vol.5 , pp. 247-252
    • Nojima, K.1    Fukaya, K.2    Fukui, S.3    Kanno, S.4
  • 42
    • 0008958028 scopus 로고
    • Formation kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of glyoxylic acid-S(IV) adducts
    • Olson T. E. and Hoffmann M. R. (1988a) Formation kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of glyoxylic acid-S(IV) adducts. J. phys. Chem. 92, 4246-4253.
    • (1988) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.92 , pp. 4246-4253
    • Olson, T.E.1    Hoffmann, M.R.2
  • 43
    • 0001294225 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of glyoxal-S(IV) adduct formation
    • Olson T. E. and Hoffmann M. R. (1988b) Kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of glyoxal-S(IV) adduct formation. J. phys. Chem. 92, 533-540.
    • (1988) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.92 , pp. 533-540
    • Olson, T.E.1    Hoffmann, M.R.2
  • 45
    • 0001501743 scopus 로고
    • Determination of peroxyacetic acid using high-performance liquid chromatography with external calibration
    • Pinkernell U., Karst U. and Cammann K. (1994) Determination of peroxyacetic acid using high-performance liquid chromatography with external calibration. Anal. Chem. 66, 2599-2602.
    • (1994) Anal. Chem. , vol.66 , pp. 2599-2602
    • Pinkernell, U.1    Karst, U.2    Cammann, K.3
  • 46
    • 0141863704 scopus 로고
    • Distillation principles of formaldehyde solutions
    • Piret E. L. and Hall M. W. (1948) Distillation principles of formaldehyde solutions. Ind. Engng Chem. 40, 661-672.
    • (1948) Ind. Engng Chem. , vol.40 , pp. 661-672
    • Piret, E.L.1    Hall, M.W.2
  • 47
    • 0343178072 scopus 로고
    • Photooxidation of biacetyl
    • Porter G. B. (1960) Photooxidation of biacetyl. J. chem. Phys. 32, 1587-1588.
    • (1960) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.32 , pp. 1587-1588
    • Porter, G.B.1
  • 48
    • 0343178071 scopus 로고
    • The action of ultraviolet light upon diketones
    • Porter C. W. (1923) The action of ultraviolet light upon diketones. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 45, 1827-1830.
    • (1923) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.45 , pp. 1827-1830
    • Porter, C.W.1
  • 50
    • 0342862068 scopus 로고
    • Solvent deuterium isotope effects on acid-base equilibria
    • Salomaa P., Schaleger L. L. and Long F. A. (1964) Solvent deuterium isotope effects on acid-base equilibria. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86, 1-7.
    • (1964) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.86 , pp. 1-7
    • Salomaa, P.1    Schaleger, L.L.2    Long, F.A.3
  • 51
    • 0000123597 scopus 로고
    • The rapid hydration of the acetyl radical. A pulse radiolysis study of the acetaldehyde in aqueous solution
    • Schuchmann M. N. and von Sonntag C. (1988) The rapid hydration of the acetyl radical. A pulse radiolysis study of the acetaldehyde in aqueous solution. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 5698-5701.
    • (1988) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.110 , pp. 5698-5701
    • Schuchmann, M.N.1    Von Sonntag, C.2
  • 52
    • 0000617668 scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of hydroxymalonic acid by OH radicals in the presence and in the absence of molecular oxygen. A pulse radiolysis and product study
    • Schuchmann M. N., Schuchmann H.-P. and von Sonntag (1995) Oxidation of hydroxymalonic acid by OH radicals in the presence and in the absence of molecular oxygen. A pulse radiolysis and product study. J. phys. Chem. 99, 9122-9129.
    • (1995) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.99 , pp. 9122-9129
    • Schuchmann, M.N.1    Schuchmann, H.-P.2    Von Sonntag3
  • 53
    • 0342743596 scopus 로고
    • Structural effects affecting hydration of 1,2-diones studied by linear-sweep voltammetry
    • Segretario J. P., Sleszynaski N., Partch R. E., Zuman P. and Horák V. (1986) Structural effects affecting hydration of 1,2-diones studied by linear-sweep voltammetry. J. Org. Chem. 51, 5393-5396.
    • (1986) J. Org. Chem. , vol.51 , pp. 5393-5396
    • Segretario, J.P.1    Sleszynaski, N.2    Partch, R.E.3    Zuman, P.4    Horák, V.5
  • 54
    • 33748652103 scopus 로고
    • Ring fragmentation reactions on the photooxidations of toluene and o-xylene
    • Shepson P. B., Edney E. O. and Corse E. W. (1984) Ring fragmentation reactions on the photooxidations of toluene and o-xylene. J. phys. Chem. 88, 4122-4126.
    • (1984) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.88 , pp. 4122-4126
    • Shepson, P.B.1    Edney, E.O.2    Corse, E.W.3
  • 55
    • 0029500865 scopus 로고
    • The UV-visible absorption spectrum and photolysis quantum yields of methylglyoxal
    • Staffelbach T. A., Orlando J. J., Tyndall G. S. and Calvert J. G. (1995) The UV-visible absorption spectrum and photolysis quantum yields of methylglyoxal. J. geophys. Res. 100, 14,189-14,198.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 14189-14198
    • Staffelbach, T.A.1    Orlando, J.J.2    Tyndall, G.S.3    Calvert, J.G.4
  • 56
    • 0021496646 scopus 로고
    • The determination of low molecular weight aldehydes in rain, fog and mist by reversed phase liquid chromatography of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives
    • Steinberg S. and Kaplan I. R. (1984) The determination of low molecular weight aldehydes in rain, fog and mist by reversed phase liquid chromatography of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives. Int. J. Envir. Anal. Chem. 18, 253-266.
    • (1984) Int. J. Envir. Anal. Chem. , vol.18 , pp. 253-266
    • Steinberg, S.1    Kaplan, I.R.2
  • 57
    • 0001691039 scopus 로고
    • Organic peroxy acids - Preparation, properties, and structure
    • (edited by Swern D.), Wiley, New York
    • Swern D. (1970) Organic peroxy acids - preparation, properties, and structure. In Organic Peroxides (edited by Swern D.), Vol. 1, pp. 341-347. Wiley, New York.
    • (1970) Organic Peroxides , vol.1 , pp. 341-347
    • Swern, D.1
  • 58
    • 0024192754 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric geochemistry of formic and acetic acids at a mid-latitude temperate site
    • Talbot R. W., Beecher K. M., Harriss R. C. and Cofer III W. R. (1988) Atmospheric geochemistry of formic and acetic acids at a mid-latitude temperate site. J. geophys. Res. 93, 1638-1652.
    • (1988) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.93 , pp. 1638-1652
    • Talbot, R.W.1    Beecher, K.M.2    Harriss, R.C.3    Cofer W.R. III4
  • 59
    • 49549150346 scopus 로고
    • Spectrophotometric determination of iron(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline in the presence of large amounts of Fe(III)
    • Tamura H., Goto K., Yotsuyanagi T. and Nagayama M. (1974) Spectrophotometric determination of iron(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline in the presence of large amounts of Fe(III). Talanta 21, 314-318.
    • (1974) Talanta , vol.21 , pp. 314-318
    • Tamura, H.1    Goto, K.2    Yotsuyanagi, T.3    Nagayama, M.4
  • 60
    • 0343613564 scopus 로고
    • Polarographic behavior of glyoxal and its related compounds
    • Wasa T. and Musha S. (1970) Polarographic behavior of glyoxal and its related compounds. Bull. Univ. Osaka Prefect. Ser. A 19, 169-180.
    • (1970) Bull. Univ. Osaka Prefect. Ser. A , vol.19 , pp. 169-180
    • Wasa, T.1    Musha, S.2
  • 62
    • 0029412089 scopus 로고
    • Identifying airborne carbonyl compounds in isoprene atmospheric photooxidation products by their PFBHA oximes using gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry
    • Yu J., Jeffries H. E. and Le Lacheur R. M. (1995) Identifying airborne carbonyl compounds in isoprene atmospheric photooxidation products by their PFBHA oximes using gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. Envir. Sci. Technol. 29, 1923-1932.
    • (1995) Envir. Sci. Technol. , vol.29 , pp. 1923-1932
    • Yu, J.1    Jeffries, H.E.2    Le Lacheur, R.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.