The perpetual solitudes and crises of African studies in the United States

Africa Today

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 193-210

  Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

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EID: 0031533789     PISSN: 00019887     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
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References (90)

1. My thanks to Thandika Mkandawire for a copy of his 1996 Abiola Lecture presented at the annual meeting of the African Studies Association and for discussions over the years on these issues; to Dickson Eyoh for sharing his reflections; and to Maimouna Barro for research assistance.
2. Philip D. Curtin, "Ghettoizing African History," Chronicle of Higher Education (3 March 1995), p. A44.
3. Black Historians' Response, "The Significance of Race in African Studies," Chronicle of Higher Education (7 April 1995), p. B3.
4. See ISSUE: A Quarterly Journal of Opinion 23, no. 1 (1995) (special issue on African Studies); Jane I. Guyer, with the help of Akbar M. Virmani and Amanda Kemp, African Studies in the United States: A Perspective (Atlanta: African Studies Association Press, 1996).
5. See ISSUE: A Quarterly Journal of Opinion 23, no. 1 (1995) (special issue on African Studies); Jane I. Guyer, with the help of Akbar M. Virmani and Amanda Kemp, African Studies in the United States: A Perspective (Atlanta: African Studies Association Press, 1996).
6. Philip D. Curtin, "African Studies: A Personal Assessment," African Studies Review 14, no. 3 (1971), pp. 357-368.
7. Ibid., p. 363.
8. Robert D. Baum, "Government-sponsored Research on Africa," African Studies Bulletin 8, no. 1 (April 1965), pp. 42-47; Carol A. Dressel, "The Development of African Studies in the United States," African Studies Bulletin 9, no. 3 (1966), pp. 66-73; L. Gray Cowan, "Ten Years of African Studies," African Studies Bulletin 12, no. 1 (1969), pp. 1-7; Gwendolen M. Carter, "African Studies in the United States: 1955-1975," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 6, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 2-4.
9. Robert D. Baum, "Government-sponsored Research on Africa," African Studies Bulletin 8, no. 1 (April 1965), pp. 42-47; Carol A. Dressel, "The Development of African Studies in the United States," African Studies Bulletin 9, no. 3 (1966), pp. 66-73; L. Gray Cowan, "Ten Years of African Studies," African Studies Bulletin 12, no. 1 (1969), pp. 1-7; Gwendolen M. Carter, "African Studies in the United States: 1955-1975," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 6, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 2-4.
10. Robert D. Baum, "Government-sponsored Research on Africa," African Studies Bulletin 8, no. 1 (April 1965), pp. 42-47; Carol A. Dressel, "The Development of African Studies in the United States," African Studies Bulletin 9, no. 3 (1966), pp. 66-73; L. Gray Cowan, "Ten Years of African Studies," African Studies Bulletin 12, no. 1 (1969), pp. 1-7; Gwendolen M. Carter, "African Studies in the United States: 1955-1975," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 6, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 2-4.
11. Robert D. Baum, "Government-sponsored Research on Africa," African Studies Bulletin 8, no. 1 (April 1965), pp. 42-47; Carol A. Dressel, "The Development of African Studies in the United States," African Studies Bulletin 9, no. 3 (1966), pp. 66-73; L. Gray Cowan, "Ten Years of African Studies," African Studies Bulletin 12, no. 1 (1969), pp. 1-7; Gwendolen M. Carter, "African Studies in the United States: 1955-1975," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 6, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 2-4.
12. Guyer, African Studies in the United States.
13. Martin Staniland, "Who Needs African Studies?" African Studies Review 26, nos. 3/4 (1983), pp. 77-97.
14. George W. Shepherd, "Pluralism and Parity in African Studies," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 1-2.
15. Black Caucus Statement, 1969, Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 18-19; Black Caucus Statement, 1968, Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 19.
16. Black Caucus Statement, 1969, Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 18-19; Black Caucus Statement, 1968, Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 19.
17. Tilden J. LeMelle, "Where Was the Racism in Montreal?" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 3, and "ASA - Going Nowhere," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 18-20; Herschelle S. Challenor, "No Longer at Ease: Confrontation at the 12th Annual African Studies Association Meeting at Montreal" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 4-7; James Turner and Rukudzo Murapa, "Africa: Conflict in Black and White," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 13-14; Gary Gappert, "In Defense of the Black Caucus of the ASA," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 16; Willard R. Johnson, "The Responsibility of Africanists - A Board Candidate's Platform," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 23-25; John Henrik Clarke, "The Future of African Studies After Montreal," Africa Report 14, no. 12 (1969), pp. 23-24, and "The African Heritage Studies Association (AHSA): Some Notes on the Conflict with African Studies Association (ASA) and the Fight to Reclaim African History," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 6, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 5-11.
18. Tilden J. LeMelle, "Where Was the Racism in Montreal?" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 3, and "ASA - Going Nowhere," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 18-20; Herschelle S. Challenor, "No Longer at Ease: Confrontation at the 12th Annual African Studies Association Meeting at Montreal" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 4-7; James Turner and Rukudzo Murapa, "Africa: Conflict in Black and White," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 13-14; Gary Gappert, "In Defense of the Black Caucus of the ASA," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 16; Willard R. Johnson, "The Responsibility of Africanists - A Board Candidate's Platform," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 23-25; John Henrik Clarke, "The Future of African Studies After Montreal," Africa Report 14, no. 12 (1969), pp. 23-24, and "The African Heritage Studies Association (AHSA): Some Notes on the Conflict with African Studies Association (ASA) and the Fight to Reclaim African History," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 6, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 5-11.
19. Tilden J. LeMelle, "Where Was the Racism in Montreal?" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 3, and "ASA - Going Nowhere," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 18-20; Herschelle S. Challenor, "No Longer at Ease: Confrontation at the 12th Annual African Studies Association Meeting at Montreal" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 4-7; James Turner and Rukudzo Murapa, "Africa: Conflict in Black and White," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 13-14; Gary Gappert, "In Defense of the Black Caucus of the ASA," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 16; Willard R. Johnson, "The Responsibility of Africanists - A Board Candidate's Platform," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 23-25; John Henrik Clarke, "The Future of African Studies After Montreal," Africa Report 14, no. 12 (1969), pp. 23-24, and "The African Heritage Studies Association (AHSA): Some Notes on the Conflict with African Studies Association (ASA) and the Fight to Reclaim African History," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 6, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 5-11.
20. Tilden J. LeMelle, "Where Was the Racism in Montreal?" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 3, and "ASA - Going Nowhere," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 18-20; Herschelle S. Challenor, "No Longer at Ease: Confrontation at the 12th Annual African Studies Association Meeting at Montreal" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 4-7; James Turner and Rukudzo Murapa, "Africa: Conflict in Black and White," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 13-14; Gary Gappert, "In Defense of the Black Caucus of the ASA," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 16; Willard R. Johnson, "The Responsibility of Africanists - A Board Candidate's Platform," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 23-25; John Henrik Clarke, "The Future of African Studies After Montreal," Africa Report 14, no. 12 (1969), pp. 23-24, and "The African Heritage Studies Association (AHSA): Some Notes on the Conflict with African Studies Association (ASA) and the Fight to Reclaim African History," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 6, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 5-11.
21. Tilden J. LeMelle, "Where Was the Racism in Montreal?" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 3, and "ASA - Going Nowhere," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 18-20; Herschelle S. Challenor, "No Longer at Ease: Confrontation at the 12th Annual African Studies Association Meeting at Montreal" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 4-7; James Turner and Rukudzo Murapa, "Africa: Conflict in Black and White," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 13-14; Gary Gappert, "In Defense of the Black Caucus of the ASA," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 16; Willard R. Johnson, "The Responsibility of Africanists - A Board Candidate's Platform," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 23-25; John Henrik Clarke, "The Future of African Studies After Montreal," Africa Report 14, no. 12 (1969), pp. 23-24, and "The African Heritage Studies Association (AHSA): Some Notes on the Conflict with African Studies Association (ASA) and the Fight to Reclaim African History," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 6, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 5-11.
22. Tilden J. LeMelle, "Where Was the Racism in Montreal?" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 3, and "ASA - Going Nowhere," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 18-20; Herschelle S. Challenor, "No Longer at Ease: Confrontation at the 12th Annual African Studies Association Meeting at Montreal" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 4-7; James Turner and Rukudzo Murapa, "Africa: Conflict in Black and White," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 13-14; Gary Gappert, "In Defense of the Black Caucus of the ASA," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 16; Willard R. Johnson, "The Responsibility of Africanists - A Board Candidate's Platform," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 23-25; John Henrik Clarke, "The Future of African Studies After Montreal," Africa Report 14, no. 12 (1969), pp. 23-24, and "The African Heritage Studies Association (AHSA): Some Notes on the Conflict with African Studies Association (ASA) and the Fight to Reclaim African History," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 6, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 5-11.
23. Tilden J. LeMelle, "Where Was the Racism in Montreal?" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 3, and "ASA - Going Nowhere," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 18-20; Herschelle S. Challenor, "No Longer at Ease: Confrontation at the 12th Annual African Studies Association Meeting at Montreal" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 4-7; James Turner and Rukudzo Murapa, "Africa: Conflict in Black and White," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 13-14; Gary Gappert, "In Defense of the Black Caucus of the ASA," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 16; Willard R. Johnson, "The Responsibility of Africanists - A Board Candidate's Platform," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 23-25; John Henrik Clarke, "The Future of African Studies After Montreal," Africa Report 14, no. 12 (1969), pp. 23-24, and "The African Heritage Studies Association (AHSA): Some Notes on the Conflict with African Studies Association (ASA) and the Fight to Reclaim African History," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 6, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 5-11.
24. Tilden J. LeMelle, "Where Was the Racism in Montreal?" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 3, and "ASA - Going Nowhere," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 18-20; Herschelle S. Challenor, "No Longer at Ease: Confrontation at the 12th Annual African Studies Association Meeting at Montreal" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 4-7; James Turner and Rukudzo Murapa, "Africa: Conflict in Black and White," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 13-14; Gary Gappert, "In Defense of the Black Caucus of the ASA," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 16; Willard R. Johnson, "The Responsibility of Africanists - A Board Candidate's Platform," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 23-25; John Henrik Clarke, "The Future of African Studies After Montreal," Africa Report 14, no. 12 (1969), pp. 23-24, and "The African Heritage Studies Association (AHSA): Some Notes on the Conflict with African Studies Association (ASA) and the Fight to Reclaim African History," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 6, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 5-11.
25. Benjamin Nimer, "Politics and Scholarship in African Studies in the United States," African Studies Review 13, no. 3 (1970), pp. 353-361; Pierre L. van den Berghe, "The Montreal Affair: Revolution or Racism?" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 10-11; Fred G. Burke, "The Meaning of Montreal," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 8-9, and "The Future of African Studies After Montreal," Africa Report 14, no. 8 (1969), p. 25; Rupert Emerson et al., "Letter Sent to All ASA Members," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 17.
26. Benjamin Nimer, "Politics and Scholarship in African Studies in the United States," African Studies Review 13, no. 3 (1970), pp. 353-361; Pierre L. van den Berghe, "The Montreal Affair: Revolution or Racism?" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 10-11; Fred G. Burke, "The Meaning of Montreal," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 8-9, and "The Future of African Studies After Montreal," Africa Report 14, no. 8 (1969), p. 25; Rupert Emerson et al., "Letter Sent to All ASA Members," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 17.
27. Benjamin Nimer, "Politics and Scholarship in African Studies in the United States," African Studies Review 13, no. 3 (1970), pp. 353-361; Pierre L. van den Berghe, "The Montreal Affair: Revolution or Racism?" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 10-11; Fred G. Burke, "The Meaning of Montreal," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 8-9, and "The Future of African Studies After Montreal," Africa Report 14, no. 8 (1969), p. 25; Rupert Emerson et al., "Letter Sent to All ASA Members," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 17.
28. Benjamin Nimer, "Politics and Scholarship in African Studies in the United States," African Studies Review 13, no. 3 (1970), pp. 353-361; Pierre L. van den Berghe, "The Montreal Affair: Revolution or Racism?" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 10-11; Fred G. Burke, "The Meaning of Montreal," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 8-9, and "The Future of African Studies After Montreal," Africa Report 14, no. 8 (1969), p. 25; Rupert Emerson et al., "Letter Sent to All ASA Members," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 17.
29. Benjamin Nimer, "Politics and Scholarship in African Studies in the United States," African Studies Review 13, no. 3 (1970), pp. 353-361; Pierre L. van den Berghe, "The Montreal Affair: Revolution or Racism?" Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 10-11; Fred G. Burke, "The Meaning of Montreal," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 8-9, and "The Future of African Studies After Montreal," Africa Report 14, no. 8 (1969), p. 25; Rupert Emerson et al., "Letter Sent to All ASA Members," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), p. 17.
30. Richard Sklar, "Politics and Scholarship," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 11-12.
31. Immanuel Wallerstein, "Africa, America and the Africanists," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 12-13; Idrian N. Resnick, "Crisis in African Studies," Africa Today 14, no. 8 (1969), pp. 22-27, and "The Future of African Studies After Montreal" Africa Report 14, no. 9 (1969), pp. 22-23.
32. Immanuel Wallerstein, "Africa, America and the Africanists," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 12-13; Idrian N. Resnick, "Crisis in African Studies," Africa Today 14, no. 8 (1969), pp. 22-27, and "The Future of African Studies After Montreal" Africa Report 14, no. 9 (1969), pp. 22-23.
33. Immanuel Wallerstein, "Africa, America and the Africanists," Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969), pp. 12-13; Idrian N. Resnick, "Crisis in African Studies," Africa Today 14, no. 8 (1969), pp. 22-27, and "The Future of African Studies After Montreal" Africa Report 14, no. 9 (1969), pp. 22-23.
34. Ronald H. Chilcote and Martin Legassick, "The African Challenge to American Scholarship in Africa," Africa Today 18, no. 1 (1971), pp. 4-11.
35. Mlahleni Njisane, "The African Studies Association: Priority Issues," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 1 (1971), pp. 2-5, 3.
36. Ibid., p. 4.
37. Maxwell Owusu, "Anthropology: New Insights . . . or Just New Stereotypes," Africa Report 16, no. 7 (1971), pp. 23-24, 24.
38. Guy C. Z. Mhone, "The Case against Africanists," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 37, no. 3 (1971), pp. 8-13, 8.
39. Victor Uchendu, "Africa and the Africanist: The Challenge of a Terminal Colonial Order," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 7, no. 1 (1977), pp. 5-11.
40. Ibid., p. 9.
41. Ibid., p. 10.
42. Baum, "Government-sponsored Research," p. 43.
43. William A. Hance, "African Studies in Africa and the American Scholar," African Studies Bulletin 9, no. 1 (1966), pp. 24-32, 24-25.
44. Audrey C. Smock, "A Critical Look at American Africanists," African Report 15, no. 9 (1970), pp. 23-24, 24.
45. Clarke, "The African Heritage," p. 11.
46. Baum, "Government-sponsored Research," p. 43.
47. Timothy M. Shaw, Reformism and Revisionism in Africa's Political Economy in the 1990s (New York: Macmillan, 1993), p. 153.
48. Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, "Trends and Inequalities in the Production of Africanist Knowledge," in Manufacturing African Studies and Crises (Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA Book Series, 1997).
49. Oyekan Owomoyela, "With Friends Like These . . . a Critique of Pervasive Anti-Africanisms in Current African Studies Epistemology and Methodology," African Studies Review 37, no. 3 (1994), pp. 77-101; Mahmood Mamdani, "A Critique of the State and Civil Society Paradigm in Africanist Studies," in Mahmood Mamdani, ed., African Studies in Social Movements and Democracy (Dakar: CODESRIA Book Series, 1995); Thandika Mkandawire, "Social Sciences in Africa: Breaking Local Barriers and Negotiating International Presence," Abiola Lecture, 39th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, San Francisco, 23-26 November 1996.
50. Oyekan Owomoyela, "With Friends Like These . . . a Critique of Pervasive Anti-Africanisms in Current African Studies Epistemology and Methodology," African Studies Review 37, no. 3 (1994), pp. 77-101; Mahmood Mamdani, "A Critique of the State and Civil Society Paradigm in Africanist Studies," in Mahmood Mamdani, ed., African Studies in Social Movements and Democracy (Dakar: CODESRIA Book Series, 1995); Thandika Mkandawire, "Social Sciences in Africa: Breaking Local Barriers and Negotiating International Presence," Abiola Lecture, 39th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, San Francisco, 23-26 November 1996.
51. Oyekan Owomoyela, "With Friends Like These . . . a Critique of Pervasive Anti-Africanisms in Current African Studies Epistemology and Methodology," African Studies Review 37, no. 3 (1994), pp. 77-101; Mahmood Mamdani, "A Critique of the State and Civil Society Paradigm in Africanist Studies," in Mahmood Mamdani, ed., African Studies in Social Movements and Democracy (Dakar: CODESRIA Book Series, 1995); Thandika Mkandawire, "Social Sciences in Africa: Breaking Local Barriers and Negotiating International Presence," Abiola Lecture, 39th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, San Francisco, 23-26 November 1996.
52. Dickson Eyoh, "From Economic Crisis to Political Liberalization: Pitfalls of the New Political Sociology for Africa," African Studies Review 39, no. 3 (1996), pp. 43-80.
53. Mkandawire, "Social Sciences," pp. 18-19.
54. Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (London: Hamish, 1992).
55. Lyman H. Letgers, "The National Defense Act and African Studies," African Studies Bulletin 7, no. 3 (1964), pp. 3-10, 3.
56. Vincente L. Rafael, "The Cultures of Area Studies in the United States," Social Text 38 (1994), pp. 92-111, 94-95.
57. Ibid., p. 96.
58. Elbridge Sibley, Social Science Research Council: The First Fifty Years (New York: Social Science Research Council, 1974); Felix X. Sutton and David R. Smock, "The Ford Foundation and African Studies," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 7, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 68-72; Edward H. Berman, "Foundations, Philanthropy, and Neocolonialism," in Philip G. Altbach, ed., Education and the Colonial Experience (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1984), pp. 253-272; Donald Fisher, Fundamental Development of the Social Sciences: Rockefeller, Philanthropy, and the United States Social Science Research Council (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993).
59. Elbridge Sibley, Social Science Research Council: The First Fifty Years (New York: Social Science Research Council, 1974); Felix X. Sutton and David R. Smock, "The Ford Foundation and African Studies," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 7, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 68-72; Edward H. Berman, "Foundations, Philanthropy, and Neocolonialism," in Philip G. Altbach, ed., Education and the Colonial Experience (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1984), pp. 253-272; Donald Fisher, Fundamental Development of the Social Sciences: Rockefeller, Philanthropy, and the United States Social Science Research Council (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993).
60. Elbridge Sibley, Social Science Research Council: The First Fifty Years (New York: Social Science Research Council, 1974); Felix X. Sutton and David R. Smock, "The Ford Foundation and African Studies," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 7, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 68-72; Edward H. Berman, "Foundations, Philanthropy, and Neocolonialism," in Philip G. Altbach, ed., Education and the Colonial Experience (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1984), pp. 253-272; Donald Fisher, Fundamental Development of the Social Sciences: Rockefeller, Philanthropy, and the United States Social Science Research Council (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993).
61. Elbridge Sibley, Social Science Research Council: The First Fifty Years (New York: Social Science Research Council, 1974); Felix X. Sutton and David R. Smock, "The Ford Foundation and African Studies," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 7, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 68-72; Edward H. Berman, "Foundations, Philanthropy, and Neocolonialism," in Philip G. Altbach, ed., Education and the Colonial Experience (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1984), pp. 253-272; Donald Fisher, Fundamental Development of the Social Sciences: Rockefeller, Philanthropy, and the United States Social Science Research Council (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993).
62. Robert H. Bates, Valentin Y. Mudimbe, and Jean O'Barr, eds., Africa and the Disciplines: The Contributions of Research in Africa to the Social Sciences and Humanities (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993) p. xii.
63. Ibid., p. xiv.
64. Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, "African Studies and the Disintegration of Paradigms," Africa Development 19, no. 4 (1994), pp. 179-193.
65. William Martin and Michael West, "The Decline of the Africanists' Africa and the Rise of New Africas," ISSUE: A Quarterly Journal of Africanist Opinion 23, no. 1 (1995), pp. 24-26, 25.
66. Baum, "Government-sponsored Research," p. 1.
67. L. Gray Cowan, "President's Report," African Studies Review 11, no. 3 (1970), pp. 343-352, 346-347.
68. Roger Yeager, "The Legitimacy of Area Studies," paper presented at the thirteenth annual meeting of the African Studies Association, Boston, October 1970.
69. Brian M. Fagan, "Review of G. M. Carter and A. Paden, eds., Expanding Horizons in African Studies," Africa Report 16, no. 5 (1970).
70. Donald Wilhelm, "The Crisis in Area Studies Programs: A Time for Innovation," African Studies Review 14, no. 2 (1971), pp. 171-178.
71. Gwendolen M. Carter, "African Studies in the United States: 1955-1975," ISSUE: A Journal of Opinion 6, nos. 2-3 (1976), pp. 2-4, 4.
72. Stanley J. Heginbotham, "Rethinking International Scholarship," ITEMS 48, nos. 2-3 (1994), pp. 33-40; Kenneth Prewitt, "Presidential Items," ITEMS 50, nos. 2-3 (1996), pp. 1-9, and "Presidential Items," ITEMS 50, no. 1 (1996), pp. 15-18.
73. Stanley J. Heginbotham, "Rethinking International Scholarship," ITEMS 48, nos. 2-3 (1994), pp. 33-40; Kenneth Prewitt, "Presidential Items," ITEMS 50, nos. 2-3 (1996), pp. 1-9, and "Presidential Items," ITEMS 50, no. 1 (1996), pp. 15-18.
74. Stanley J. Heginbotham, "Rethinking International Scholarship," ITEMS 48, nos. 2-3 (1994), pp. 33-40; Kenneth Prewitt, "Presidential Items," ITEMS 50, nos. 2-3 (1996), pp. 1-9, and "Presidential Items," ITEMS 50, no. 1 (1996), pp. 15-18.
75. John V. Lombardi, A Changed World: NASULGC's Commission on International Affairs and the Post-Cold War Era (Washington, D.C.: National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, 1993), p. 2.
76. Prewitt, "Presidential Items," p. 2.
77. Ibid., p. 4.
78. Ibid.
79. Ibid.
80. Ibid.
81. Ibid., p. 5.
82. See Africa Today 16, nos. 5-6 (1969).
83. See ISSUE 23, no. 1 (1995).
84. Guyer, African Studies in the United States.
85. Martin and West, "The Decline of the Africanists' Africa."
86. Ibid., p. 25.
87. Ibid.
88. Ibid.
89. Alfred Zack-Williams, "Development and Diaspora: Separate Concerns?" Review of African Political Economy 65 (1995), pp. 349-358; Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, "Imagining Pan-Africanism for the 21st Century," in Manufacturing African Studies and Crises (forthcoming).
90. Alfred Zack-Williams, "Development and Diaspora: Separate Concerns?" Review of African Political Economy 65 (1995), pp. 349-358; Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, "Imagining Pan-Africanism for the 21st Century," in Manufacturing African Studies and Crises (forthcoming).