Classification of national education systems: A multivariate approach

Comparative Education Review

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 161-174

  Wolhuter, C C ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0031494269     PISSN: 00104086     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/447428     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Bill Williamson, Education, Social Structure and Development: A Comparative Analysis (London: Macmillan, 1979), p. 27.
2. William W. Brickman, "Prehistory of Comparative Education to the End of the Eighteenth Century," Comparative Education Review 10, no. 1 (February 1965): 30-47.
3. Nicholas Hans, Comparative Education: A Study of Educational Factors and Traditions (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1949), pp. 6-7.
4. See Erwin H. Epstein, "Currents Left and Right: Ideology in Comparative Education," Comparative Education Review 27, no. 1 (February 1983): 3-29; W. D. Halls, "Comparative Education: Explorations," Comparative Education 3, no. 3 (June 1967): 189-93; Phillip E. Jones, Comparative Education: Purpose and Method (St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1971).
5. See Erwin H. Epstein, "Currents Left and Right: Ideology in Comparative Education," Comparative Education Review 27, no. 1 (February 1983): 3-29; W. D. Halls, "Comparative Education: Explorations," Comparative Education 3, no. 3 (June 1967): 189-93; Phillip E. Jones, Comparative Education: Purpose and Method (St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1971).
6. See Erwin H. Epstein, "Currents Left and Right: Ideology in Comparative Education," Comparative Education Review 27, no. 1 (February 1983): 3-29; W. D. Halls, "Comparative Education: Explorations," Comparative Education 3, no. 3 (June 1967): 189-93; Phillip E. Jones, Comparative Education: Purpose and Method (St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1971).
7. I. L. Kandel, Studies in Comparative Education (New York: Houghton-Mifflin, 1933).
8. I. L. Kandel, Types of Administration with Particular Reference to the Educational Systems of New Zealand and Australia (Wellington: New Zealand Council for Educational Research, 1938).
9. Hans, p. 16.
10. Ibid., p. 207.
11. E. J. Hopper, "A Typology for the Classification of Educational Systems," Sociology 2 (1968): 29-45.
12. Rolland G. Paulston and Gregory LeRoy, "Nonformal Education and Change from Below," in Comparative Education, ed. Philip G. Altbach, Robert Arnove, and Gail P. Kelly (New York: Macmillan, 1982), pp. 336-62.
13. Thomas J. LaBelle, Nonformal Education in Latin America and the Caribbean: Stability, Reform or Revolution? (New York: Praeger, 1986).
14. Frederick H. Harbison and Charles A. Meyers, Education, Manpower and Economic Growth: Strategies for Human Resources Development (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964), pp. 23-33.
15. William Asher and Joe E. Shively, "The Technique of Discriminant Analysis: A Reclassification of Harrison and Meyers' Seventy-Five Countries," Comparative Education Review 13, no. 2 (June 1969): 180-86.
16. Thomas J. LaBelle and Peter S. White, "Education and Multiethnic Integration: An Intergroup-Relations Typology," Comparative Education Review 24, no. 2, pt. 1 (June 1980): 155-73.
17. See Ingemar Fägerlind and Lawrence J. Saha, Education and National Development: A Comparative Perspective (Oxford: Pergamon, 1983), pp. 245-51.
18. Ibid., p. 246.
19. Bill Williamson, Education, Social Structure and Development: A Comparative Analysis (London: Macmillan, 1979).
20. Max A. Eckstein, "The Comparative Mind," in New Approaches to Comparative Education, ed. Philip G. Altbach and Gail P. Kelly (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), pp. 167-78.
21. See Michael P. Todaro, Economic Development in the Third World (New York: Longman, 1989), pp. 18-23, for the diversity among Third World countries with respect to historical background, industrial structure, physical and human resource endowment, relative importance of public and private sector, external dependence, political structure, and power groups present.
22. See A. R. Tretheway, Introducing Comparative Education (Rushcutter's Bay, Australia: Pergamon, 1976), p. 48.
23. See F. Hilker, Vergleichende Pädagogik: Eine Einführung in ihre Geschichte, Theorie und Praxis (Munich: Max Hueber Verlag, 1962), p. 97; and Jürgen Schriewer, "The Method of Comparison and the Need for Externalization: Methodological Criteria and Sociological Concepts," in Theories and Methods of Comparative Education, ed. Jürgen Schriewer and Brian Holmes (Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1992), pp. 25-83.
24. See F. Hilker, Vergleichende Pädagogik: Eine Einführung in ihre Geschichte, Theorie und Praxis (Munich: Max Hueber Verlag, 1962), p. 97; and Jürgen Schriewer, "The Method of Comparison and the Need for Externalization: Methodological Criteria and Sociological Concepts," in Theories and Methods of Comparative Education, ed. Jürgen Schriewer and Brian Holmes (Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1992), pp. 25-83.
25. See Michael R. Anderberg, Cluster Analysis for Applications (New York: Academic Press, 1973); D. N. Lawley and A. E. Maxwell, Factor Analysis as a Statistical Method (London: Butterworths, 1963); Microsoft Corporation, Statistics for Windows (Tulsa, Okla.: Microsoft Corporation, 1994), 3: 3155-3222; and S. A. Muliak, The Foundations of Factor Analysis (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972).
26. See Michael R. Anderberg, Cluster Analysis for Applications (New York: Academic Press, 1973); D. N. Lawley and A. E. Maxwell, Factor Analysis as a Statistical Method (London: Butterworths, 1963); Microsoft Corporation, Statistics for Windows (Tulsa, Okla.: Microsoft Corporation, 1994), 3: 3155-3222; and S. A. Muliak, The Foundations of Factor Analysis (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972).
27. See Michael R. Anderberg, Cluster Analysis for Applications (New York: Academic Press, 1973); D. N. Lawley and A. E. Maxwell, Factor Analysis as a Statistical Method (London: Butterworths, 1963); Microsoft Corporation, Statistics for Windows (Tulsa, Okla.: Microsoft Corporation, 1994), 3: 3155-3222; and S. A. Muliak, The Foundations of Factor Analysis (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972).
28. See Michael R. Anderberg, Cluster Analysis for Applications (New York: Academic Press, 1973); D. N. Lawley and A. E. Maxwell, Factor Analysis as a Statistical Method (London: Butterworths, 1963); Microsoft Corporation, Statistics for Windows (Tulsa, Okla.: Microsoft Corporation, 1994), 3: 3155-3222; and S. A. Muliak, The Foundations of Factor Analysis (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972).
29. Unesco, Unesco Statistical Yearbook, 1993 (London: Unesco, 1993).
30. Anderberg, p. xi.
31. The terms "formal," "nonformal," and "informal" education are used in the meanings as defined by Phillip H. Coombs, The World Crisis in Education: The View from the Eighties (Paris: Oxford University Press, 1985), pp. 20-26.
32. Ibid.
33. See Altbach and Kelly, "Introduction: Perspectives on Comparative Education," pp. 1-10, and R. H. Pfau, "The Comparative Study of Classroom Behaviors," pp. 293-307 in Altbach and Kelly, eds. (n. 18 above).
34. See Altbach and Kelly, "Introduction: Perspectives on Comparative Education," pp. 1-10, and R. H. Pfau, "The Comparative Study of Classroom Behaviors," pp. 293-307 in Altbach and Kelly, eds. (n. 18 above).
35. See Altbach and Kelly, "Introduction."
36. See Vandra L. Masemann, "Critical Ethnography in the Study of Comparative Education," pp. 11-25 in Altbach and Kelly, eds.; Erwin H. Epstein, "The Problematic Meaning of 'Comparison' in Comparative Education," in Schriewer and Holmes, eds. (n. 21 above), pp. 3-23.
37. See Vandra L. Masemann, "Critical Ethnography in the Study of Comparative Education," pp. 11-25 in Altbach and Kelly, eds.; Erwin H. Epstein, "The Problematic Meaning of 'Comparison' in Comparative Education," in Schriewer and Holmes, eds. (n. 21 above), pp. 3-23.
38. See Charles C. Ragin, The Comparative Method: Moving beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1987).
39. Samuel P. Huntington, "The Clash of Civilizations?" Foreign Affairs 72 (Summer 1993): 22-49.
40. Ibid.
41. See F. Ajami et al., "Comments: Responses to Samuel P. Huntington's 'The Clash of Civilizations?'" Foreign Affairs 72 (Fall 1993): 1-21.
42. Epstein, "Currents Left and Right" (n. 4 above).
43. See Joseph P. Farrell, "The Necessity of Comparisons in the Study of Education: The Salience of Science and the Problem of Comparability," Comparative Education Review 23, no. 1 (February 1979): 3-16.
44. See Gail P. Kelly and Philip G. Altbach, "Comparative Education: Challenge and Response," in Altbach and Kelly, eds. (n. 18 above), pp. 309-27.
45. See R. Ryba, "Unity in Diversity: The Enigma of the European Dimension in Education," Oxford Review of Education 21, no. 1 (1995): 25-36; R. Ryba, "Toward a European Dimension in Education: Intention and Reality in European Community: Policy and Practice," Comparative Education Review 36, no. 1 (February 1992): 10-24; Robert F. Arnove, "Comparative Education and World System Analysis," Comparative Education Review 24, no. 1 (February 1980): 48-62; Mathew Zachariah, "Comparative Educators and International Development Policy," in Altbach and Kelly, eds., pp. 91-104; and Coombs (n. 25 above).
46. See R. Ryba, "Unity in Diversity: The Enigma of the European Dimension in Education," Oxford Review of Education 21, no. 1 (1995): 25-36; R. Ryba, "Toward a European Dimension in Education: Intention and Reality in European Community: Policy and Practice," Comparative Education Review 36, no. 1 (February 1992): 10-24; Robert F. Arnove, "Comparative Education and World System Analysis," Comparative Education Review 24, no. 1 (February 1980): 48-62; Mathew Zachariah, "Comparative Educators and International Development Policy," in Altbach and Kelly, eds., pp. 91-104; and Coombs (n. 25 above).
47. See R. Ryba, "Unity in Diversity: The Enigma of the European Dimension in Education," Oxford Review of Education 21, no. 1 (1995): 25-36; R. Ryba, "Toward a European Dimension in Education: Intention and Reality in European Community: Policy and Practice," Comparative Education Review 36, no. 1 (February 1992): 10-24; Robert F. Arnove, "Comparative Education and World System Analysis," Comparative Education Review 24, no. 1 (February 1980): 48-62; Mathew Zachariah, "Comparative Educators and International Development Policy," in Altbach and Kelly, eds., pp. 91-104; and Coombs (n. 25 above).
48. See R. Ryba, "Unity in Diversity: The Enigma of the European Dimension in Education," Oxford Review of Education 21, no. 1 (1995): 25-36; R. Ryba, "Toward a European Dimension in Education: Intention and Reality in European Community: Policy and Practice," Comparative Education Review 36, no. 1 (February 1992): 10-24; Robert F. Arnove, "Comparative Education and World System Analysis," Comparative Education Review 24, no. 1 (February 1980): 48-62; Mathew Zachariah, "Comparative Educators and International Development Policy," in Altbach and Kelly, eds., pp. 91-104; and Coombs (n. 25 above).
49. See C. Arnold Anderson, "The Utility of Societal Typologies in Comparative Education," Comparative Education Review 3, no. 1 (June 1959): 20-22.