Urban Equity And Urban Health: Using Existing Data To Understand Inequalities In Health And Environment In Accra, Ghana And São Paulo, Brazil

Environment & Urbanization

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 181-202

  Stephens, Carolyn ^a   Akerman, Marco ^b   Avle, Sebastian ^c   Maia, Paulo Borlina ^d   Campanario, Paulo ^d   Doe, Ben ^e   Tetteh, Doris ^e  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b Centro de Estudos de Cultura Contemporanea (CEDEC)   (South Africa)

^c Korlebu Medical School Health Research Unit   (South Africa)

^d Formerly Diretoria Adjunta de Estudos Populacionais ^*  (South Africa)

^e Accra Development and Planning Programme   (Ghana)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; HEALTH STATUS; INEQUALITY; INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON; SOCIAL INEQUALITY; URBAN HEALTH;

AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; AGE; ARTICLE; BIOLOGY; BRAZIL; DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS; DEMOGRAPHY; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; ECONOMIC FACTORS; ECONOMICS; ENGLISH SPEAKING AFRICA; ENVIRONMENT; GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS; GEOGRAPHY; GHANA; HEALTH; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; INEQUALITIES; LITERATURE REVIEW; MANAGEMENT; METHODOLOGY; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PLANNING; POLICY DEVELOPMENT; POPULATION; POPULATION AND POPULATION RELATED PHENOMENA; RESEARCH; RISK FACTOR; SOCIOECONOMICS; SOUTH AMERICA; SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SUMMARY REPORT; URBAN POPULATION; URBAN SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; URBANIZATION; WESTERN AFRICA; WESTERN HEMISPHERE;

AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; AGE FACTORS; AMERICAS; BIOLOGY; BRAZIL; DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; ECONOMIC FACTORS; ENGLISH SPEAKING AFRICA; ENVIRONMENT; GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS; GHANA; HEALTH; INEQUALITIES; LATIN AMERICA; LITERATURE REVIEW; ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION; PLANNING; POLICY DEVELOPMENT; POPULATION; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; RESEARCH METHODOLOGY; RISK FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SOUTH AMERICA; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SUMMARY REPORT; URBAN POPULATION; URBAN SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; URBANIZATION; WESTERN AFRICA;

AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; AFRICA, WESTERN; AGE FACTORS; AMERICAS; BIOLOGY; BRAZIL; DEMOGRAPHY; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENT; GEOGRAPHY; GHANA; HEALTH; HEALTH PLANNING; LATIN AMERICA; ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION; POLICY MAKING; POPULATION; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; RESEARCH; RISK FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SOUTH AMERICA; URBAN POPULATION; URBANIZATION;

BRAZIL, SAO PAULO; GHANA, ACCRA;

EID: 0031460287     PISSN: 09562478     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/095624789700900115     Document Type: Article

References (18)

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3. UNCHS (1996), An Urbanizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements 1996, Oxford University Press:Oxford and New York.
4. See reference 2, Bradley, Stephens, Harpham et al. (1992).
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8. See, for instance, Eames, M., Y.B. Shlomo and M. Marmot (1992), Health Education Authority Project: Area Deprivation and Premature Mortality: (Part B) Data Analysis of Phase II of the Health Mappint Project, Final Report All Cause Mortality, Coronary Heart Disease and Smoking Related Deaths, unpublished.
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10. Estimates of completeness based on a method by Courbage Y. and P. Fargues (1976), “A method for deriving mortality estimates from incomplete vital statistics”, Population Studies Vol.33, No. 1, pages 165-180.
11. Benneh, G., J.S. Nabila, J. Songsore et al. (1990), Demographic Studies and Final Projections for Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA), UNDP/UNCHS/Ministry of Local Government: Accra, 90 pages.
12. Ministry of Local Government (1992), Strategic Plan for the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area, Department of Town and Country Planning, Accra.
13. Emplasa (1990), Sumario de Dados da Grande São Paulo, Emplasa:São Paulo.
14. See Tabibzadeh, I., A. Rossi-Espagnet and R. Maxwell (1989), Spotlight on the Cities. Improving Urban Health in Developing Countries, World Health Organization:Geneva.
15. Kreiger, N. (1994), “Epidemiology and the web of causation: has anyone seen the spider?”, Social Science and Medicine Vol.39, No.7, pages 887-903; also Wing, S. (1994), “Limits of Epidemiology”, Medicine & Global Survival Vol.1, No.2, pages 74-86; and Ministry of Local Government (1992), see reference 20.
16. See reference 1, Doe (1994).
17. Personal communications, June 1994 and November 1996.
18. Midgely, M. (1992), Wisdom, Information and Wonder: What is Knowledge For? Routledge, London.