Variation of snow cover ablation in the boreal forest: A sensitivity study on the effects of conifer canopy

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 102, Issue 24, 1997, Pages 29389-29395

  Davis, R E ^a   Hardy, J P ^a   Ni, W ^b   Woodcock, C ^b   McKenzie, J C ^a   Jordan, R ^a   Li, X ^b  

^a Engineering Research and Development Center   (United States)

^b BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABLATION; BOREAL FOREST; BOREAS; CONIFER CANOPY; ENERGY EXCHANGE; SNOW COVER; SOLAR RADIATION;

CANADA, MANITOBA; CANADA, SASKATCHEWAN;

CONIFEROPHYTA;

EID: 0031448457     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97jd01335     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Becker, G.,et al., Forest Inventory Field Instruction Manual, 79 pp., Nat. Resour. Manitoba, Winnipeg, 1996.
2. Betts, A. K., and J. H. Ball, Albedo over the boreal forest, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
3. Bonan, G. B., D. Pollard, and S. L. Thompson, Effects of boreal forest vegetation on global climate, Nature, 359, 716-718, 1992.
4. Chen, J. M., Optically-based methods for measuring seasonable variation of leaf area index in boreal conifer stands, Agric. For. Meteorol., 80, 135-163, 1996.
5. Dozier, J., Opportunities to improve hydrologic data, Rev. Geophys., 30, 315-331, 1992.
6. FitzGibbon, J. E., and T. Dunne, Influence of subarctic vegetation cover on snowmelt, Phys. Geogr., 4, 61-70, 1983.
7. Frolking, S., Sensitivity of spruce/moss boreal forest net ecosystem productivity to seasonal anomalies in weather, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
8. Frolking, S., et al., Temporal variability in the carbon balance of a spruce/moss boreal forest, Global Change Biol., 2, 343-366, 1996.
9. Harding, R. J., and J. W. Pomeroy, The energy balance of the winter boreal landscape, J. Clim., 9, 2778-2787, 1996.
10. Hardy, J. P., R. E. Davis, R. Jordan, X. Li, C. Woodcock, W. Ni, and J. C. McKenzie, Snow ablation modeling at the stand scale in a boreal jack pine forest, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
11. Jordan, R., A one-dimensional temperature model for a snow cover: Technical documentation for SNTHERM.89, Spec. Rep. 91-16, U.S. Army Corps of Eng., Cold Reg. Res. and Eng. Lab., Hanover, N. H., 1991.
12. Joseph, J. H., J. Iaquinta, and B. Pinty, The use of two-stream approximations for the parameterization of solar radiative energy fluxes through vegetation, J. Clim., 9, 2326-2336, 1996.
13. Larsen, J. A., The Boreal Ecosystem, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1980.
14. Li, X., and A. H. Strahler, Geometric-optical modeling of a conifer forest canopy, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., GE-23, 705-721, 1985.
15. Li, X., and A. H. Strahler, Geometric-optical bidirectional reflectance modeling of mutual shadowing effects of crowns in a forest canopy, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., GE-30, 276-292, 1992.
16. Lidenas, D. G., Forest Inventory Interpretation and Mapping Manual-Specifications for the Interpretation and Mapping of Aerial Photographs in the Forest Inventory Section, 43 pp., Sask. Parks and Renewable Resour., Saskatoon, 1985.
17. Metcalfe, R. A., and J. M. Buttle, Controls of canopy structure on snowmelt rates in the boreal forest, Proc. East. Snow Conf., pp. 249-258, 1995.
18. Ni, W., X. Li, C. E. Woodcock, J. L. Roujean, and R. E. Davis, Transmission of solar radiation in boreal conifer forests: Measurements and models, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
19. Otterman, J., Albedo of a forest modeled as a plane with dense protrusions, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 23, 297-307, 1984.
20. Otterman, J., Bi-directional and hemispheric reflectivities of a bright soil plane and a sparse dark canopy, Int. J. Remote Sens., 6, 897-902, 1985.
21. Otterman, J., K. Staenz, K. Itten, and G. Kukla, Dependence of snow melting and surface-atmosphere interactions on the forest structure, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 45, 1-8, 1988.
22. Pomeroy, J. W., and K. Dion, Winter radiation extinction and reflection in a boreal pine canopy: Measurements and modeling, Hydrol. Process., 10, 1591-1608, 1996.
23. Price, A. G., and T. Dunne, Energy balance computations in a subarctic area, Wat. Resour. Res., 12, 686-694, 1976.
24. Rosenthal, W., Estimating alpine snow cover with unsupervised spectral unmixing, Proc. IGARSS '96, 2252-2254, 1996.
25. Ross, J. The Radiation Regime and Architecture of Plant Stands, 1st ed., Dr. W. Junk, Norwell, Mass., 1981.
26. Schwartzbart, I., and G. Shaviv, A Monte-Carlo model for the radiation field in plant canopies, Agric. Meteorol., 17, 333-353, 1976.
27. Sellers, P., et al., The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS): An overview and early results from the 1994 field year, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 76(9), 1459-1577, 1995.
28. Shewchuk, S. R., Surface mesonet for BOREAS, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
29. Soffer, R. J., J. R. Miller, W. Wanner, and A. Strahler, Winter boreal forest canopy BRF results: Comparison between airborne data, laboratory simulations and geometrical-optical model data, Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp., 800-801, 1995.
30. Verstraete, M. M., Radiation transfer in plant canopies: Transmission of direct solar radiation and the role of leaf orientation, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 10,985-10,995, 1987.