메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 52, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 408-424

Prediction of the shoot production of heather under grazing in the uplands of Great Britain

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BURNING; GRAZING; HEATHER; PRODUCTION MODEL; SHOOT PRODUCTION;

EID: 0031448221     PISSN: 01425242     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1997.tb02373.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (19)

References (43)
  • 3
    • 0028973822 scopus 로고
    • The influence of vegetation pattern on the grazing of heather moorland by red deer and sheep. I. The location of animals on grass/heather mosaics
    • CLARKE J.L., WELCH D. and GORDON I.J. (1995) The influence of vegetation pattern on the grazing of heather moorland by red deer and sheep. I. The location of animals on grass/heather mosaics. Journal of Applied Ecology, 32, 166-176.
    • (1995) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.32 , pp. 166-176
    • Clarke, J.L.1    Welch, D.2    Gordon, I.J.3
  • 4
    • 0001457031 scopus 로고
    • Structure and production of North Pennine blanket bog vegetation
    • FORREST G.I. (1971) Structure and production of North Pennine blanket bog vegetation. Journal of Ecology, 59, 453-479.
    • (1971) Journal of Ecology , vol.59 , pp. 453-479
    • Forrest, G.I.1
  • 5
    • 0001457032 scopus 로고
    • The productivity of a range of blanket bog vegetation types in the northern Pennines
    • FORREST G.I. and SMITH R.A.H. (1975) The productivity of a range of blanket bog vegetation types in the northern Pennines. Journal of Ecology, 63, 173-202.
    • (1975) Journal of Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 173-202
    • Forrest, G.I.1    Smith, R.A.H.2
  • 7
    • 0011025564 scopus 로고
    • Heaths and moorland: An overview of ecological change
    • Thompson D.B.A., Hester A.J. and Usher M.B (eds) Edinburgh: HMSO
    • GIMINGHAM C.H. (1995) Heaths and moorland: an overview of ecological change. In: Thompson D.B.A., Hester A.J. and Usher M.B (eds) Heaths and Moorland: Cultural Landscapes. pp. 9-19. Edinburgh: HMSO.
    • (1995) Heaths and Moorland: Cultural Landscapes , pp. 9-19
    • Gimingham, C.H.1
  • 8
  • 9
    • 0001916973 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of primary production and utilization on heather moors
    • GRANT S.A. (1971a) The measurement of primary production and utilization on heather moors. Journal of the British Grassland Society, 26, 51-58.
    • (1971) Journal of the British Grassland Society , vol.26 , pp. 51-58
    • Grant, S.A.1
  • 10
    • 84990778797 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of grazing and burning on heather moors. 2. Effects on primary production and level of utilization
    • GRANT S.A. (1971b) Interactions of grazing and burning on heather moors. 2. Effects on primary production and level of utilization. Journal of the British Grassland Society, 26, 173-181.
    • (1971) Journal of the British Grassland Society , vol.26 , pp. 173-181
    • Grant, S.A.1
  • 11
    • 84981836655 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of grazing and burning on heather moors and their implications in heather management
    • GRANT S.A. and HUNTER R.F. (1968) Interactions of grazing and burning on heather moors and their implications in heather management. Journal of the British Grassland Society, 23, 285-293.
    • (1968) Journal of the British Grassland Society , vol.23 , pp. 285-293
    • Grant, S.A.1    Hunter, R.F.2
  • 13
    • 84990770872 scopus 로고
    • Effects of season and level of grazing on the utilization of heather by sheep. 1. Responses of the sward
    • GRANT S.A., BARTHRAM G.T., LAMB W.I.C. and MILNE J.A. (1978) Effects of season and level of grazing on the utilization of heather by sheep. 1. Responses of the sward. Journal of the British Grassland Society, 33, 289-300.
    • (1978) Journal of the British Grassland Society , vol.33 , pp. 289-300
    • Grant, S.A.1    Barthram, G.T.2    Lamb, W.I.C.3    Milne, J.A.4
  • 14
    • 0000011056 scopus 로고
    • The responses of heather-dominated vegetation in north-east Scotland to grazing by red deer
    • GRANT S.A., HAMILTON W.J. and SOUTER C. (1981) The responses of heather-dominated vegetation in north-east Scotland to grazing by red deer. Journal of Ecology, 69, 189-204.
    • (1981) Journal of Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 189-204
    • Grant, S.A.1    Hamilton, W.J.2    Souter, C.3
  • 15
    • 84990760494 scopus 로고
    • Effects of season and level of grazing on the utilization of heather by sheep. 3. Longer-term responses and sward recovery
    • GRANT S.A., MILNE J.A., BARTHRAM G.T. and SOUTER W.G. (1982) Effects of season and level of grazing on the utilization of heather by sheep. 3. Longer-term responses and sward recovery. Grass and Forage Science, 37, 311-320.
    • (1982) Grass and Forage Science , vol.37 , pp. 311-320
    • Grant, S.A.1    Milne, J.A.2    Barthram, G.T.3    Souter, W.G.4
  • 16
    • 0022231018 scopus 로고
    • The responses of blanket bog vegetation to controlled grazing by hill sheep
    • GRANT S.A., BOLTON G.R. and TORVELL L. (1985) The responses of blanket bog vegetation to controlled grazing by hill sheep. Journal of Applied Ecology, 22, 739-751.
    • (1985) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.22 , pp. 739-751
    • Grant, S.A.1    Bolton, G.R.2    Torvell, L.3
  • 18
    • 0030303563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity patterns and resource use by sheep and red deer grazing across a grass/heather boundary
    • HESTER A.J., MITCHELL F.J.G., GORDON I.J. and BAILLIE G.J. (1996) Activity patterns and resource use by sheep and red deer grazing across a grass/heather boundary. Journal of Zoology, London, 240, 609-620.
    • (1996) Journal of Zoology, London , vol.240 , pp. 609-620
    • Hester, A.J.1    Mitchell, F.J.G.2    Gordon, I.J.3    Baillie, G.J.4
  • 19
    • 0021569036 scopus 로고
    • Studies on fire in Scottish heathland communities. II. Post-fire vegetation development
    • HOBBS R.J. and GIMINGHAM C.H. (1984) Studies on fire in Scottish heathland communities. II. Post-fire vegetation development. Journal of Ecology, 72, 585-610.
    • (1984) Journal of Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 585-610
    • Hobbs, R.J.1    Gimingham, C.H.2
  • 21
    • 0027525717 scopus 로고
    • The response of heather (Calluna vulgaris) to shade and nutrients - Predictions of the carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis
    • IASON G.R. and HESTER A.J. (1993) The response of heather (Calluna vulgaris) to shade and nutrients - predictions of the carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis. Journal of Ecology, 81, 75-80.
    • (1993) Journal of Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 75-80
    • Iason, G.R.1    Hester, A.J.2
  • 22
    • 0003239827 scopus 로고
    • Estimating acceptable stocking levels for heather moorland
    • Bell M. and Bunce R.G.H (eds.) Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology
    • LANCE A.N. (1987) Estimating acceptable stocking levels for heather moorland. In: Bell M. and Bunce R.G.H (eds.) ITE symposium, 23: Agriculture and conservation in the hills and uplands. pp. 109-115. Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology.
    • (1987) ITE Symposium, 23: Agriculture and Conservation in the Hills and Uplands , pp. 109-115
    • Lance, A.N.1
  • 23
    • 0001225683 scopus 로고
    • Quantity and quality of the annual production of shoots and flowers by Calluna vulgaris in north-east Scotland
    • MILLER G.R. (1979) Quantity and quality of the annual production of shoots and flowers by Calluna vulgaris in north-east Scotland. Journal of Ecology, 67, 109-129.
    • (1979) Journal of Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 109-129
    • Miller, G.R.1
  • 24
    • 0000560299 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull) at different ages and seasons in North-east Scotland
    • MILLER G.R. and MILES J. (1970) Regeneration of heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull) at different ages and seasons in North-east Scotland. Journal of Applied Ecology, 7, 51-60.
    • (1970) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 51-60
    • Miller, G.R.1    Miles, J.2
  • 25
    • 0000527157 scopus 로고
    • Heather productivity and its relevance to the regulation of red grouse populations
    • Heal O.W. and Perkins D.F. (eds) Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • MILLER G.R. and WATSON A. (1978) Heather productivity and its relevance to the regulation of red grouse populations. In: Heal O.W. and Perkins D.F. (eds) Ecological Studies, 27: Production Ecology of British Moors and Montane Grasslands. pp. 277-285. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
    • (1978) Ecological Studies, 27: Production Ecology of British Moors and Montane Grasslands , pp. 277-285
    • Miller, G.R.1    Watson, A.2
  • 27
    • 84950654471 scopus 로고
    • The morphology of vegetative regeneration in Calluna vulgaris
    • MOHAMED B.F. and GIMINGHAM C.H. (1970) The morphology of vegetative regeneration in Calluna vulgaris. New Phytologist, 69, 743-750.
    • (1970) New Phytologist , vol.69 , pp. 743-750
    • Mohamed, B.F.1    Gimingham, C.H.2
  • 28
    • 0008915484 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of red grouse (Lagopus l. scoticus) stocks with the production and nutritive value of heather (Calluna vulgaris)
    • MOSS R. (1969) A comparison of red grouse (Lagopus l. scoticus) stocks with the production and nutritive value of heather (Calluna vulgaris). Journal of Animal Ecology, 38, 103-122.
    • (1969) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.38 , pp. 103-122
    • Moss, R.1
  • 29
    • 0344799806 scopus 로고
    • Production, dieback and grazing of heather (Calluna vulgaris) in relation to numbers of red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) and mountain hares (Lepus timidus) in north-east Scotland
    • MOSS R. and MILLER G.R. (1976) Production, dieback and grazing of heather (Calluna vulgaris) in relation to numbers of red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) and mountain hares (Lepus timidus) in north-east Scotland. Journal of Applied Ecology, 13, 369-377.
    • (1976) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 369-377
    • Moss, R.1    Miller, G.R.2
  • 30
    • 0000720674 scopus 로고
    • Selection of heather by red grouse in relation to the age of the plant
    • MOSS R., MILLER G.R. and ALLEN S.E. (1972) Selection of heather by red grouse in relation to the age of the plant. Journal of Applied Ecology, 9, 771-781.
    • (1972) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 771-781
    • Moss, R.1    Miller, G.R.2    Allen, S.E.3
  • 31
    • 0004746834 scopus 로고
    • Effects of grazing by mountain hares and red deer on the production and chemical composition of heather
    • MOSS R., WELCH D. and ROTHERY P. (1981) Effects of grazing by mountain hares and red deer on the production and chemical composition of heather. Journal of Applied Ecology, 18, 487-496.
    • (1981) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.18 , pp. 487-496
    • Moss, R.1    Welch, D.2    Rothery, P.3
  • 32
    • 0001817738 scopus 로고
    • The vegetation dynamics of wet heaths in relation to sheep grazing intensity
    • Thompson D.B.A., Hester A.J. and Usher M.B (eds) Edinburgh: HMSO
    • NOLAN A.J., HENDERSON D.J. and MERRELL B.G. (1995) The vegetation dynamics of wet heaths in relation to sheep grazing intensity. In: Thompson D.B.A., Hester A.J. and Usher M.B (eds) Heaths and Moorland: Cultural Landscapes. pp. 174-179. Edinburgh: HMSO.
    • (1995) Heaths and Moorland: Cultural Landscapes , pp. 174-179
    • Nolan, A.J.1    Henderson, D.J.2    Merrell, B.G.3
  • 33
    • 0002606222 scopus 로고
    • Upland productivity of vegetation and sheep at Moor House National Nature Reserve, Westmorland, England
    • RAWES M. and WELCH D. (1969) Upland productivity of vegetation and sheep at Moor House National Nature Reserve, Westmorland, England. Oikos, 7-72.
    • (1969) Oikos , pp. 7-72
    • Rawes, M.1    Welch, D.2
  • 35
    • 0028976860 scopus 로고
    • Upland heather moorland in Great Britain: A review of international importance, vegetation change and some objectives for nature conservation
    • THOMPSON D.B.A., MACDONALD A.J., MARSDEN J.H. and GALBRAITH C.A. (1995) Upland heather moorland in Great Britain: a review of international importance, vegetation change and some objectives for nature conservation. Biological Conservation, 71, 163-178.
    • (1995) Biological Conservation , vol.71 , pp. 163-178
    • Thompson, D.B.A.1    Macdonald, A.J.2    Marsden, J.H.3    Galbraith, C.A.4
  • 36
    • 0027796546 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the upland heathlands of Great Britain: Conservation importance
    • USHER M. and THOMPSON D.B.A. (1993) Variation in the upland heathlands of Great Britain: conservation importance. Biological Conservation, 66, 69-81.
    • (1993) Biological Conservation , vol.66 , pp. 69-81
    • Usher, M.1    Thompson, D.B.A.2
  • 37
    • 0000649306 scopus 로고
    • Bracken versus heather, a study in plant sociology
    • WATT A.S. (1955) Bracken versus heather, a study in plant sociology. Journal of Ecology, 43, 490-506.
    • (1955) Journal of Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 490-506
    • Watt, A.S.1
  • 38
    • 0021616562 scopus 로고
    • Studies in the grazing of heather moorland in north-east Scotland. I. Site descriptions and patterns of utilization
    • WELCH D. (1984a) Studies in the grazing of heather moorland in north-east Scotland. I. Site descriptions and patterns of utilization. Journal of Applied Ecology, 21, 179-195.
    • (1984) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.21 , pp. 179-195
    • Welch, D.1
  • 39
    • 0021616563 scopus 로고
    • Studies in the grazing of heather moorland in north-east Scotland. II. Response of heather
    • WELCH D. (1984b) Studies in the grazing of heather moorland in north-east Scotland. II. Response of heather. Journal of Applied Ecology, 21, 197-207.
    • (1984) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.21 , pp. 197-207
    • Welch, D.1
  • 40
    • 0021614814 scopus 로고
    • Studies in the grazing of heather moorland in north-east Scotland. III. Floristics
    • WELCH D. (1984c) Studies in the grazing of heather moorland in north-east Scotland. III. Floristics. Journal of Applied Ecology, 21, 209-225.
    • (1984) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.21 , pp. 209-225
    • Welch, D.1
  • 42
    • 0022205981 scopus 로고
    • Further observations on a Callunetum intensively grazed by mountain hares (Lepus timidus L.)
    • WELCH D. and SCOTT D. (1985) Further observations on a Callunetum intensively grazed by mountain hares (Lepus timidus L.). Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 44, 323-333.
    • (1985) Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh , vol.44 , pp. 323-333
    • Welch, D.1    Scott, D.2
  • 43
    • 0028975839 scopus 로고
    • Studies in the grazing of heather moorland in north-east Scotland. VI. 20-year trends in botanical composition
    • WELCH D. and SCOTT D. (1995) Studies in the grazing of heather moorland in north-east Scotland. VI. 20-year trends in botanical composition. Journal of Applied Ecology, 32, 596-611.
    • (1995) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.32 , pp. 596-611
    • Welch, D.1    Scott, D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.