메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 240, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 609-620

Activity patterns and resource use by sheep and red deer grazing across a grass/heather boundary

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVITY PATTERN; DIET; GRAZING; HEATHER; RED DEER; SHEEP;

EID: 0030303563     PISSN: 09528369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05311.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 0016235113 scopus 로고
    • Observational study of behaviour: Sampling methods
    • Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods. Behaviour 49: 222-265.
    • (1974) Behaviour , vol.49 , pp. 222-265
    • Altmann, J.1
  • 2
    • 0027035593 scopus 로고
    • Tests of different methods for measuring and estimating utilization rate of heather (Calluna vulgaris) by vertebrate herbivores
    • Armstrong, H. M. & Macdonald, A. J. (1992). Tests of different methods for measuring and estimating utilization rate of heather (Calluna vulgaris) by vertebrate herbivores. J. Appl. Ecol. 29: 285-294.
    • (1992) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.29 , pp. 285-294
    • Armstrong, H.M.1    Macdonald, A.J.2
  • 3
    • 84990769445 scopus 로고
    • The voluntary intake and in-vivo digestibility of herbage harvested from indigenous hill plant communities
    • Armstrong, R. H., Common. T. G. & Smith, H. K. (1986). The voluntary intake and in-vivo digestibility of herbage harvested from indigenous hill plant communities. Grass Forage Sci. 41: 53-60.
    • (1986) Grass Forage Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 53-60
    • Armstrong, R.H.1    Common, T.G.2    Smith, H.K.3
  • 5
    • 0027020048 scopus 로고
    • The effects of sward height and nitrogen fertilizer application on changes in sward composition, white clover growth and the stock carrying capacity of an upland perennial ryegrass/white clover sward grazed by sheep for four years
    • Barthram, G. T., Grant, S. A & Elston, D. A. (1992). The effects of sward height and nitrogen fertilizer application on changes in sward composition, white clover growth and the stock carrying capacity of an upland perennial ryegrass/white clover sward grazed by sheep for four years. Grass Forage Sci. 47: 326-341.
    • (1992) Grass Forage Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 326-341
    • Barthram, G.T.1    Grant, S.A.2    Elston, D.A.3
  • 6
    • 0003072225 scopus 로고
    • Selection of upland swards by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) on Rhum
    • Charles, W. N., McGowan, D. & East, K. (1977). Selection of upland swards by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) on Rhum. J. Appl. Ecol. 14: 5-64.
    • (1977) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.14 , pp. 5-64
    • Charles, W.N.1    McGowan, D.2    East, K.3
  • 7
    • 0028973822 scopus 로고
    • The influence of vegetation pattern on the grazing of heather moorland by red deer and sheep. I. The location of animals on grass/heather mosaics
    • Clarke, J. L., Welch, D. & Gordon, I. J. (1995a). The influence of vegetation pattern on the grazing of heather moorland by red deer and sheep. I. The location of animals on grass/heather mosaics. J. Appl. Ecol. 32: 166-176.
    • (1995) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.32 , pp. 166-176
    • Clarke, J.L.1    Welch, D.2    Gordon, I.J.3
  • 8
    • 0028973824 scopus 로고
    • The influence of vegetation pattern on the grazing of heather moorland by red deer and sheep. II. The impact on heather
    • Clarke, J. L., Welch, D. & Gordon, I. J. (1995b). The influence of vegetation pattern on the grazing of heather moorland by red deer and sheep. II. The impact on heather. J. Appl. Ecol. 32: 177-186.
    • (1995) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.32 , pp. 177-186
    • Clarke, J.L.1    Welch, D.2    Gordon, I.J.3
  • 11
    • 84985347250 scopus 로고
    • Sexual segregation and density related changes in habitat use in male and female red deer (Cervus elaphus)
    • Clutton-Brock, T. H., Iason, G. R. & Guinness, F. E. (1987). Sexual segregation and density related changes in habitat use in male and female red deer (Cervus elaphus). J. Zool. (Lond.) 211: 275-289.
    • (1987) J. Zool. (Lond.) , vol.211 , pp. 275-289
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Iason, G.R.2    Guinness, F.E.3
  • 13
    • 85035187209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet composition of sheep and red deer grazing vegetation community mosaics
    • subm.
    • Cuartas, P., Gordon, I. J., Hester. A. J. & Hulbert, I. J. (subm.). Diet composition of sheep and red deer grazing vegetation community mosaics. J. Range Manage.
    • J. Range Manage.
    • Cuartas, P.1    Gordon, I.J.2    Hester, A.J.3    Hulbert, I.J.4
  • 14
    • 0001053151 scopus 로고
    • The effect of management practices on stress in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) and its modulation by long-acting neuroleptics: Behavioural responses
    • Diverio, S., Goddard, P. J., Gordon, I. J. & Elston, D. A. (1993). The effect of management practices on stress in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) and its modulation by long-acting neuroleptics: behavioural responses. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 36: 363-376.
    • (1993) Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 363-376
    • Diverio, S.1    Goddard, P.J.2    Gordon, I.J.3    Elston, D.A.4
  • 15
    • 0026324937 scopus 로고
    • The use of plant wax alkanes as marker substances in studies of the nutrition of herbivores: A review
    • Dove, H. & Mayes, R. W. (1991). The use of plant wax alkanes as marker substances in studies of the nutrition of herbivores: a review. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 42: 913-952.
    • (1991) Aust. J. Agric. Res. , vol.42 , pp. 913-952
    • Dove, H.1    Mayes, R.W.2
  • 20
    • 0024899912 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation community selection by ungulates on the Isle of Rhum. II. Vegetation community selection
    • Gordon, I. J. (1989). Vegetation community selection by ungulates on the Isle of Rhum. II. Vegetation community selection. J. Appl. Ecol. 26: 53-64.
    • (1989) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.26 , pp. 53-64
    • Gordon, I.J.1
  • 21
    • 0343435345 scopus 로고
    • Portable handling facilities to improve the welfare of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus)
    • Hamilton, W. J. (1994). Portable handling facilities to improve the welfare of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus). Anim. Welfare 3: 227-233.
    • (1994) Anim. Welfare , vol.3 , pp. 227-233
    • Hamilton, W.J.1
  • 22
    • 0027427074 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of food availability and endogenous physiological cycles on the grazing ecology of red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus)
    • Heydon, M. J., Sibbald, A. M., Milne, J. A., Brinklow, B. R. & Loudon, A. S. I. (1993). The interaction of food availability and endogenous physiological cycles on the grazing ecology of red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus). Funct. Ecol. 7: 216-222.
    • (1993) Funct. Ecol. , vol.7 , pp. 216-222
    • Heydon, M.J.1    Sibbald, A.M.2    Milne, J.A.3    Brinklow, B.R.4    Loudon, A.S.I.5
  • 23
    • 0002952295 scopus 로고
    • Ingestive behaviour
    • Leaver, J. D. (Ed.). Hurley, Maidenhead: British Grassland Society
    • Hodgson, J. (1982). Ingestive behaviour. In Herbage intake handbook: 113-118. Leaver, J. D. (Ed.). Hurley, Maidenhead: British Grassland Society.
    • (1982) Herbage Intake Handbook , pp. 113-118
    • Hodgson, J.1
  • 24
    • 0026080338 scopus 로고
    • Comparative studies of the ingestive behaviour and herbage intake of sheep and cattle grazing indigenous hill plant communities
    • Hodgson, J., Forbes, T. D. A., Armstrong, R. H., Beattie, M. M. & Hunter, E. A. (1991). Comparative studies of the ingestive behaviour and herbage intake of sheep and cattle grazing indigenous hill plant communities. J. Appl. Ecol. 28: 205-227.
    • (1991) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.28 , pp. 205-227
    • Hodgson, J.1    Forbes, T.D.A.2    Armstrong, R.H.3    Beattie, M.M.4    Hunter, E.A.5
  • 25
    • 0000750529 scopus 로고
    • Effects of human disturbance on the welfare of park fallow deer
    • Humphries, R. E., Smith, R. H. & Sibly, R. M. (1989). Effects of human disturbance on the welfare of park fallow deer. Deer 7: 458-463.
    • (1989) Deer , vol.7 , pp. 458-463
    • Humphries, R.E.1    Smith, R.H.2    Sibly, R.M.3
  • 26
    • 0000901441 scopus 로고
    • Hill sheep and their pasture: A study of sheep grazing in south-east Scotland
    • Hunter, R. F. (1962). Hill sheep and their pasture: a study of sheep grazing in south-east Scotland. J. Ecol. 50: 561-580.
    • (1962) J. Ecol. , vol.50 , pp. 561-580
    • Hunter, R.F.1
  • 27
    • 0026447489 scopus 로고
    • Discrimination and patch choice by sheep grazing grass-clover swards
    • Illius, A. W., Clark, D. A. & Hodgson, J. (1992). Discrimination and patch choice by sheep grazing grass-clover swards. J. Anim. Ecol. 61: 183-194.
    • (1992) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.61 , pp. 183-194
    • Illius, A.W.1    Clark, D.A.2    Hodgson, J.3
  • 28
    • 0023510582 scopus 로고
    • The allometry of food intake in grazing ruminants
    • Illius, A. W. & Gordon, A. J. (1987). The allometry of food intake in grazing ruminants. J. Anim. Ecol. 56: 989-999.
    • (1987) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.56 , pp. 989-999
    • Illius, A.W.1    Gordon, A.J.2
  • 29
    • 0002202226 scopus 로고
    • Tillering in grasses-its significance and control
    • Jewiss, O. R. (1972). Tillering in grasses-its significance and control. J. Br. Grassl. Sot: 27: 65-82.
    • (1972) J. Br. Grassl. Sot , vol.27 , pp. 65-82
    • Jewiss, O.R.1
  • 30
    • 0002330088 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes of appetite in deer and sheep
    • Kay, R. N. B. (1979). Seasonal changes of appetite in deer and sheep. Agric. Res. Counc. Res. Rev. 5: 13-15.
    • (1979) Agric. Res. Counc. Res. Rev. , vol.5 , pp. 13-15
    • Kay, R.N.B.1
  • 31
    • 0000823701 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural responses of park red and fallow deer to disturbance and effects on population performance
    • Langbein, J. & Putman, R. J. (1992). Behavioural responses of park red and fallow deer to disturbance and effects on population performance. Anim. Welfare 1: 19-38.
    • (1992) Anim. Welfare , vol.1 , pp. 19-38
    • Langbein, J.1    Putman, R.J.2
  • 32
    • 0027849124 scopus 로고
    • Feeding patch choice by red deer in relation to foraging efficiency
    • Langvatn, R. & Hanley, T. A. (1993). Feeding patch choice by red deer in relation to foraging efficiency. Oecologia 95: 164-170.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.95 , pp. 164-170
    • Langvatn, R.1    Hanley, T.A.2
  • 33
    • 0003525368 scopus 로고
    • Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen
    • Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (1993). Land cover of Scotland 1988. Final report. Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen.
    • (1993) Land Cover of Scotland 1988. Final Report
  • 34
    • 84911635083 scopus 로고
    • The use of dosed and herbage n-alkanes as markers for the determination of herbage intake
    • Mayes, R. W., Lamb, C. S. & Colgrove, P. M. (1986). The use of dosed and herbage n-alkanes as markers for the determination of herbage intake. J. Agric. Sci. 107: 161-170.
    • (1986) J. Agric. Sci. , vol.107 , pp. 161-170
    • Mayes, R.W.1    Lamb, C.S.2    Colgrove, P.M.3
  • 35
    • 0002606226 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation and soil change in the uplands
    • Usher, M. B. & Thompson, D. B. A. (Eds). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications
    • Miles, J. (1991). Vegetation and soil change in the uplands. In Ecological change in the Uplands: 57-70. Usher, M. B. & Thompson, D. B. A. (Eds). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
    • (1991) Ecological Change in the Uplands , pp. 57-70
    • Miles, J.1
  • 36
    • 0011057517 scopus 로고
    • Sheep management on heather moorland
    • Pollott, G. E. (Ed.). Br. Grassl. Soc. Spec. Publn No. 21. Lavenham: Lavenham Press Ltd.
    • Milne, J. A. & Grant, S. A. (1987). Sheep management on heather moorland. In Efficient sheep production from grass: 165-167. Pollott, G. E. (Ed.). Br. Grassl. Soc. Spec. Publn No. 21. Lavenham: Lavenham Press Ltd.
    • (1987) Efficient Sheep Production from Grass , pp. 165-167
    • Milne, J.A.1    Grant, S.A.2
  • 37
    • 0018125586 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the voluntary intake and digestion of a range of forages at different times of the year by the sheep and the red deer (Cervus elaphus)
    • Milne, J. A., Macrae, J. C., Spence, A. M. & Wilson, S. (1978). A comparison of the voluntary intake and digestion of a range of forages at different times of the year by the sheep and the red deer (Cervus elaphus). Br. J. Nutr. 40: 347-357.
    • (1978) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.40 , pp. 347-357
    • Milne, J.A.1    Macrae, J.C.2    Spence, A.M.3    Wilson, S.4
  • 38
    • 84972047886 scopus 로고
    • The nutrition of artificially reared lambs
    • Morgan, J. A. & Owen, J. B. (1973). The nutrition of artificially reared lambs. Anim. Prod. 16: 49-57.
    • (1973) Anim. Prod. , vol.16 , pp. 49-57
    • Morgan, J.A.1    Owen, J.B.2
  • 40
    • 0021549018 scopus 로고
    • Habitat use by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and sheep in the West Highlands
    • Osborne, B. C. (1984). Habitat use by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and sheep in the West Highlands. J. Appl. Ecol. 21: 497-506.
    • (1984) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.21 , pp. 497-506
    • Osborne, B.C.1
  • 41
    • 0028181570 scopus 로고
    • Diet preference of sheep: Effects of recent diet, physiological state and species abundance
    • Parsons, A. J., Newman, J. A., Penning, P. D., Harvey, A. & Orr, R. J. (1994a). Diet preference of sheep: effects of recent diet, physiological state and species abundance. J. Anim. Ecol. 63: 465-478.
    • (1994) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.63 , pp. 465-478
    • Parsons, A.J.1    Newman, J.A.2    Penning, P.D.3    Harvey, A.4    Orr, R.J.5
  • 42
    • 0028180353 scopus 로고
    • A mechanistic model of some physical determinants of intake rate and diet selection in a two-species temperate grassland sward
    • Parsons, A. J., Thornley, J. H. M., Newman, J. & Penning, P. D. (1994b). A mechanistic model of some physical determinants of intake rate and diet selection in a two-species temperate grassland sward. Funct. Ecol. 8: 187-204.
    • (1994) Funct. Ecol. , vol.8 , pp. 187-204
    • Parsons, A.J.1    Thornley, J.H.M.2    Newman, J.3    Penning, P.D.4
  • 43
    • 0026290145 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of ingestive behaviour of sheep continuously stocked on monocultures of ryegrass or white clover
    • Penning, P. D., Rook, A. J. & Orr, R. J. (1991). Patterns of ingestive behaviour of sheep continuously stocked on monocultures of ryegrass or white clover. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 31: 237-250.
    • (1991) Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 237-250
    • Penning, P.D.1    Rook, A.J.2    Orr, R.J.3
  • 44
    • 0028176982 scopus 로고
    • The effects of season and diet composition on the radiocaesium intake by sheep grazing on heather moorland
    • Salt, C. A., Mayes, R. W., Colgrove, P. M. & Lamb, C. S. (1994). The effects of season and diet composition on the radiocaesium intake by sheep grazing on heather moorland. J. Appl. Ecol. 31: 125-136.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.31 , pp. 125-136
    • Salt, C.A.1    Mayes, R.W.2    Colgrove, P.M.3    Lamb, C.S.4
  • 45
    • 0027967021 scopus 로고
    • Effect of changing daylength on the diurnal pattern of intake and feeding behaviour in penned red deer (Cervus elaphus)
    • Sibbald, A. M. (1994). Effect of changing daylength on the diurnal pattern of intake and feeding behaviour in penned red deer (Cervus elaphus). Appetite 22: 197-203.
    • (1994) Appetite , vol.22 , pp. 197-203
    • Sibbald, A.M.1
  • 46
    • 0000517171 scopus 로고
    • The impacts of red deer and their management on the natural heritage in the uplands
    • Thompson, D. B. A., Hester, A. J. & Usher, M. B. (Eds). HMSO, Edinburgh
    • Staines, B. W., Balharry, R. & Welch, D. (1995). The impacts of red deer and their management on the natural heritage in the uplands. In Heaths and moorland: cultural landscapes: 294-308. Thompson, D. B. A., Hester, A. J. & Usher, M. B. (Eds). HMSO, Edinburgh.
    • (1995) Heaths and Moorland: Cultural Landscapes , pp. 294-308
    • Staines, B.W.1    Balharry, R.2    Welch, D.3
  • 47
    • 0012218879 scopus 로고
    • Range management and nature conservation in the British uplands
    • Usher, M. B. & Thompson, D. B. A. (Eds). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications
    • Sydes, C. & Miller, G. R. (1991). Range management and nature conservation in the British uplands. In Ecological change in the uplands: 323-338. Usher, M. B. & Thompson, D. B. A. (Eds). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
    • (1991) Ecological Change in the Uplands , pp. 323-338
    • Sydes, C.1    Miller, G.R.2
  • 48
    • 0028180818 scopus 로고
    • A cost-benefit model of grazing intake and diet selection in a two-species sward
    • Thornley, J. H. M., Parsons, A. J., Newman, J. & Penning, P. D. (1994). A cost-benefit model of grazing intake and diet selection in a two-species sward. Fund. Ecol. 8: 5-16.
    • (1994) Fund. Ecol. , vol.8 , pp. 5-16
    • Thornley, J.H.M.1    Parsons, A.J.2    Newman, J.3    Penning, P.D.4
  • 49
    • 85035183956 scopus 로고
    • Whitaker's Almanack. London: J. Whitaker & Sons Ltd.
    • Whitaker's Almanack (1990). Whiiaker's Almanack. London: J. Whitaker & Sons Ltd.
    • (1990) Whiiaker's Almanack


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.