Insular endemic plants lack defenses against herbivores

Conservation Biology

Volumn 11, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 1249-1254

  Bowen, Lizabeth ^a   Van Vuren, Dirk ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031413536     PISSN: 08888892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96368.x     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Atkinson, I. A. 1989. Introduced animals and extinctions. Pages 54-69 in D. Western and M. C. Pearl, editors. Conservation for the twentyfirst century. Oxford University Press, New York.
2. Bascy, J. M., S. H. Jcnkins, and P. E. Busher. 1988. Optimal centralplace foraging by beavers: tree-size selection in relation to defensive chemicals of quaking aspen. Occologia 76:278-282.
3. lielovsky, G. E., O. J. Schmilz, J. B. Slade, andT.J. Dawson. 1991- Effects of spines and thorns on Australian arid zone herbivores of different body masses. Occologia 88:521-528.
4. Bjorndalen, J. E. 1978. The chaparral vegetation of Santa Cruz Island, California. Norwegian Journal of Botany 25:255-269.
5. Bowen, L. 1996. Defenses of insular endemic plants in the absence of hcrbivory. M.S. thesis. University of California, Davis.
6. Brown, V. K., and J. H. Lawton. 1991. Herbivory'and the evolution of leaf size and shape. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B 333:265-272.
7. Bryant, J. P., F. D. Provenza, J. Pastor, P. B. Reichardt, T. P. Clausen, and J. T. duToit. 1991. Interactions between woody plants and browsing mammals mediated by secondary metabolites. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22:431-446.
8. Bullock, D., and S. North. 1985. Round Island in 1982. Oryx 18:36-41.
9. Carlquist, S. 1974. Island biology. Columbia University Press, New York.
10. Case, T., D. Böiger, and A. Richman. 1992. Reptilian extinctions: the last ten thousand years. Pages 91-125 in P. Fielder and S. Jain, editors. Conservation biology: the theory and practice of nature preservation and management. Chapman and Hall, New York.
11. Coblentz, B. E. 1978. The effects of feral goats Capra hircus on island ecosystems. Biological Conservation 13:279-286.
12. Coblentz, B. E., and D. Van Vuren. 1987. Effects of feral goats (.Capra lirais) on Aldabra Atoll. Atoll Research Bulletin 306:1-6.
13. Cronk, Q. C. B. 1986. The decline of the St. Helena ebony Trocbettopsis inclanoxyloH. Biological Conservation 35:159-172.
14. Fuller, T., and E. McClintock. 1986. Poisonous plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley.
15. Goering, H. K., and P. J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analyses: apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications. Agriculture handbook 379. Agriculture Research Service, Washington, D.C.
16. Hagerman, A. E. 1988. Extraction of tannin from fresh and preserved leaves. Journal of Chemical Ecology 14:453-461.
17. Hagerman, A. E., and L. G. Butler. 1978. Protein precipitation method for the quantitative determination of tannins. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 26:809-812.
18. Hagerman, A. E., and L. G. Butler. 1989. Choosing appropriate methods and standards for assaying tannin. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15:1795-1810.
19. Happe, P. J., K. J. Jenkins, E. E. Starkey, and S. II. Sharrow. 1990. Nutritional quality and tannin astringency of browse in clear-cuts and old-growth forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 54:557-566.
20. Hochberg, M. C. 1980. Factors affecting leaf size of chaparral shrubs on the California Islands. Pages 189-206 in D.M. Power, editor. The California islands: proceedings of a multidisciplinary symposium. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California.
21. Iverson, J. B. 1978. The impact of feral cats and dogs on populations of the West Indian rock iguana Cyclura carinata. Biological Conservation 14:63-73.
22. Junak, S., T. Ayers, R. Scott, D. Wilken, and D. Young. 1995. A flora of Santa Cruz Island. Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, California.
23. Karban, R., and J. Myers. 1989. Induced plant responses to herbivory. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20:331-348.
24. Kenney, P. A., and J. L. Black. 1984. Factors affecting diet selection by sheep. I. Potential intake rate and acceptability of feed. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 35:551-563.
25. MacFarland, C. G., J. Villa, and B. Toro. 1974. The Galapagos giant tortioses Geochalonc clcphantopns Part I: status of the surviving populations. Biological Conservation 6:118-133.
26. Marquis, R. J. 1991. Evolution of resistance in plants to herbivores. Evolutionary Trends in Plants 5:23-29.
27. Miller, D. R. 1985. The California Channel Islands-pa, present, and future: an entomological perspective. Pages 3-27 in A. S. Menke and D. R. Miller, editors. Entomology of the California Channel Islands: proceedings of the first symposium. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California.
28. Mueller-Dombois, D. 1981. Island ecosystems: what is unique about their ecology? Pages 485-501 in D. Mueller-Dombois, K. W. Bridges, and H. L. Carson, editors. Island ecosystems: biological organization in selected Hawaiian communities. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.
29. Myers, J. H., and D. Bazely. 1991. Thorns, spines, and prickles: are they stimulated by hcrbivory and so they deter herbivores? Pages 325-344 in D. Tallamy and M. Raup, editors. Herbivore-induced phytochemical changes in plants. John Wiley, New York.
30. North, S. G., D. J. Bullock, and M. E. Dulloo. 1994. Changes in the vegetation and reptile populations on Round Island, Mauritius, following eradication of rabbits. Biological Conservation 67:21-28.
31. Olson, S. L. 1989. Extinction on islands: man as catastrophe. Pages 50-53 in D. Western and M. C. Pearl, editors. Conservation for thé twenty-first century. Oxford University Press, New York.
32. Palo, R. T., K. Sunnerheim, and O. Theander. 1985. Seasonal variation of phenols, crude protein and cell wall content of birch Betitla pendilla (Roth.) in relation to ruminant in vitro digestibility. Oecologia 65:314-318.
33. Paulay, G. 199-4. Biodiversity on oceanic islands: its origin and extinction. American Zoologist 34:134-144.
34. Philbrick, R. 1980. Distribution and evolution of endemic plants of the California islands. Pages 173-187 in D. M. Power, editor. The California Islands: proceedings of a multidisciplinary symposium. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California.
35. Porter, L., L. Hrstich, and B. Chan. 1986. The conversion of procyanidins and prodelphinidins to cyanidin and delphinidin. Phytochemistry 25:223-230.
36. Powell, J. A., and C. H. Hogue. 1979. California insects. University of California Press, Berkeley.
37. Price, M., and L. Butler. 1977. Rapid visual estimation and spectrophotometric determination of tannin content of sorghum grain. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 25:1268-1273.
38. Primack, R. 1993. Essentials of conservation biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
39. Reid, W., and K. Miller. 1989. Keeping options alive: the scientific basis for conserving biodiversity. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C.
40. Rhoades, D. F. 1979. Evolution of plant chemical defense against herbivores. Pages 3-53 in G. Rosenthal and D. Janzen, editors. Herbivores: their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. Academic Press, New York.
41. Rice, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43: 223-225.
42. Robbins, C. T., S. Mole, A. E. Hagerman, and T. A. Hanley. 1987. Role of tannins in defending plants against ruminants: reduction in dry matter digestion? Ecology 68:1606-1615.
43. Robertson, J. B., and P. J. Van Soest. 1980. The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. Pages 123-158 in W. P. T. James and O. Theander, editors. The analysis of dietary fiber in food. Marcel Dekker, New York.
44. Schuyler, P. 1993. Control of feral sheep Ovts arics on Santa Cruz Island, California. Pages 443-452 in F. G. Hochberg, editor. Third California islands symposium: recent advances in research on the California islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California. ;
45. Scowcroft, P. G., and J. G. Giffin. 1983. Feral herbivores suppress mamane and other browse species on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Journal of Range Management 36:638-645.
46. Senft, R. L. 1985. Domestic herbivore foraging tactics and landscape pattern. Pages 137-141 in F. D. Provenza,J. Flinders, and E. McArthur, editors. Proceedings-symposium on plant-herbivore interactions. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ogden, Utah.
47. Swain, T. 1979. Tannins and lignins. Pages 657-681 in G. Rosenthal and D. Janzen, editors. Herbivores: their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. Academic Press, New York.
48. Taborsky, M. 1988. Kiwis and dog prédation: observations in Waitangi State Forest. Notornis 35:197-202.
49. Tliorne, R. F. 1969- The California islands. Annals of the Missouri Botanic Garden 56:391-408.
50. Van Vuren, D., and B. E. Coblentz. 1987. Some ecological effects of feral sheep on Santa Cruz Island, California, USA. Biological Conservation 41:253-268.
51. Van Vuren, D., and B. E. Coblentz. 1989. Population characteristics of feral sheep on Santa Cruz Island. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:306-313.
52. Vitousek, P. M. 1988. Diversity and biological invasions of oceanic islands. Pages 181-189 in E. O. Wilson, editor. Biodiversity; National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.