Influence of wave propagation on the doppler spreading of atmospheric gravity waves

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 54, Issue 21, 1997, Pages 2554-2573

  Eckermann, Stephen D ^a,b  

^a Computational Physics Inc ^*  (United States)

^b NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERE; GRAVITY WAVE; WAVE PROPAGATION;

GRAVITY WAVE; WAVE PROPAGATION;

EID: 0031398648     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2554:IOWPOT>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Allen, K. R., and R. I. Joseph, 1989: A canonical statistical theory of oceanic internal waves. J. Fluid Mech., 204, 185-228.
2. Allen, S. J., and R. A. Vincent, 1995: Gravity-wave activity in the lower atmosphere: Seasonal and latitudinal variations. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1327-1350.
3. Andrews, D. G., and M. E. McIntyre, 1978: On wave-action and its relatives. J. Fluid Mech., 89, 647-664.
4. Bacmeister, J. T., S. D. Eckermann, P. A. Newman, L. Lait, K. R. Chan, M. Loewenstein, M. H. Profitt, and B. L. Gary, 1996: Stratospheric horizontal wavenumber spectra of winds, potential temperature and atmospheric tracers observed by high-altitude aircraft. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9441-9470.
5. Benielli, D., and J. Sommeria, 1996: Excitation of internal waves and stratified turbulence by parametric instability. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 23, 335-343.
6. Bouruet-Aubertot, P., J. Sommeria, and C. Staquet, 1996: Stratified turbulence produced by internal wave breaking: Two-dimensional numerical experiments. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 23, 357-369.
7. Broutman, D., 1984: The focusing of short internal waves by an inertial wave. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 30, 199-225.
8. _, 1986: On internal wave caustics. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1625-1635.
9. _, and W. R. Young, 1986: On the interaction of small-scale internal waves with near-inertial waves. J. Fluid Mech., 166, 341-358.
10. _, C. Macaskill, M. E. McIntyre, and J. W. Rottman, 1997: On Doppler-spreading models of internal waves. Preprints, 11th Conf. on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics, Tacoma, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 304-308.
11. Bruhwiler, D. L., and T. J. Kaper, 1995: Wavenumber transport: Scattering of small-scale internal waves by large-scale wavepackets. J. Fluid Mech., 289, 379-405.
12. Chunchuzov, I. P., 1996: The spectrum of high-frequency internal waves in the atmospheric waveguide. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1798-1814.
13. D'Asaro, E. A., and M. D. Morehead, 1991: Internal waves and velocity fine structure in the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 12725-12738.
14. Desaubies, Y., and W. K. Smith, 1982: Statistics of Richardson number and instability in oceanic internal waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 1245-1259.
15. Dewan, E. M., 1991: Similitude modeling of internal gravity wave spectra. Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1473-1476.
16. _, and R. E. Good, 1986: Saturation and the "universal" spectrum for vertical profiles of horizontal scalar winds in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 2742-2748.
17. Eckermann, S. D., 1992: Ray-tracing simulation of the global propagation of inertia gravity waves through the zonally-averaged middle atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15849-15866.
18. _, 1995: Effect of background winds on vertical wavenumber spectra of atmospheric gravity waves. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14097-14112.
19. _, and C. J. Marks, 1996: An idealized ray model of gravity wavetidal interactions. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21 195-21 212.
20. _, I. Hirota, and W. K. Hocking, 1995: Gravity wave and equatorial wave morphology of the stratosphere derived from long-term rocket soundings. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 149-186.
21. Einaudi, E, and C. O. Hines, 1970: WKB approximation in application to acoustic-gravity waves. Can. J. Phys., 48, 1458-1471.
22. Flatté, S. M., F. S. Henyey, and J. A. Wright, 1985: Eikonal calculations of short-wavelength internal-wave spectra. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 7265-7272.
23. Frederiksen, J. S., and R. C. Bell, 1984: Energy and entropy evolution of interacting gravity waves and turbulence. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 28, 171-203.
24. Fritts, D. C., and T. E. VanZandt, 1987: Effects of Doppler shifting on the frequency spectra of atmospheric gravity waves. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9723-9732.
25. _, and L. Yuan, 1989: An analysis of gravity wave ducting in the atmosphere: Eckart's resonances in thermal and Doppler ducts. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 18455-18466.
26. _, and W. Lu, 1993: Spectral estimates of gravity wave energy and momentum fluxes. Part II: Parameterization of wave forcing and variability. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3695-3713.
27. _, J. H Garten, and Ø. Andreassen, 1996: Wave breaking and transition to turbulence in stratified shear flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1057-1085.
28. Gardner, C. S., 1994: Diffusive filtering theory of gravity wave spectra in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20601-20622.
29. _, C. A. Hostetler, and S. Lintelman, 1993: Influence of the mean wind field on the separability of atmospheric perturbation spectra. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8859-8872.
30. Gossard, E. E., and W. H. Hooke, 1975: Waves in the Atmosphere. Elsevier Science, 456 pp.
31. Grimshaw, R., 1984: Wave action and wave-mean flow interaction, with applications to stratified shear flows. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 16, 11-44.
32. Henyey, F. S., and N. Pomphrey, 1983: Eikonal description of internal wave interactions: A non diffusive picture of "induced diffusion." Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 7, 189-219.
33. _, J. Wright, and S. M. Flatté, 1986: Energy and action flow through the internal wave field: An eikonal approach. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8487-8495.
34. Hibiya, T., Y. Niwa, K. Nakajima, and N. Suginohara, 1996: Direct numerical simulation of the roll-off range of internal wave shear spectra in the ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14 123-14 129.
35. Hines, C. O., 1991a: The saturation of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere. Part I: Critique of linear-instability theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1348-1359.
36. _, 1991b: The saturation of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere. Part II: Development of Doppler-spread theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1360-1379.
37. _, 1991c: The saturation of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere. Part III: Formation of the turbopause and of the turbulent layers beneath it. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1380-1385.
38. _, 1993a: Pseudosaturation of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere: An interpretation of certain lidar observations. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 55, 441-445.
39. _, 1993b: The saturation of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere. Part IV: Cutoff of the incident wave spectrum. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3045-3060.
40. _, 1996: Nonlinearity of gravity wave saturated spectra in the middle atmosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3309-3312.
41. _, 1997a: Doppler-spread parameterization of gravity-wave momentum deposition in the middle atmosphere. Part 1: Basic formulation. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 59, 371-386.
42. _, 1997b: Doppler-spread parameterization of gravity-wave momentum deposition in the middle atmosphere. Part 2: Broad spectra and quasi monochromatic waves, and implementation. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 59, 387-400.
43. _, 1997c: Nonlinearity of the saturation spectrum. Gravity Wave Processes: Their Parameterization in Global Models, K. Hamilton, Ed., NATO ASI Series, Vol. I 50, Springer-Verlag, 227-244.
44. Hirota, I., and T. Niki, 1985: A statistical study of inertia-gravity waves in the middle atmosphere. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 63, 1055-1066.
45. Holloway, G., 1980: Oceanic internal waves are not weak waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 906-914.
46. Huang, C. M., F. S. Kuo, H. Y. Lue, and C. H. Liu, 1992: Numerical simulations of the saturated gravity wave spectra in the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 54, 129-142.
47. Jones, W. L., 1967: Propagation of internal gravity waves in fluids with shear flow and rotation. J. Fluid Mech., 30, 439-448.
48. _, 1969: Ray tracing for internal gravity waves. J. Geophys. Res., 74, 2028-2033.
49. Lawrence, B. N., 1997: The effect of parameterized gravity wave drag on simulations of the middle atmosphere during northern winter 1991/92 - General evolution. Gravity Wave Processes: Their Parameterization in Global Models, K. Hamilton, Ed., NATO ASI Series, Vol. I 50, Springer-Verlag, 291-307.
50. Lindzen, R. S., 1981: Turbulence and stress owing to gravity wave and tidal breakdown. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9707-9714.
51. Manzini, E., N. A. McFarlane, and C. McLandress, 1997: Middle atmosphere simulations with the ECHAM4 model: Sensitivity to the Doppler-spread parameterization. Gravity Wave Processes: Their Parameterization in Global Models, K. Hamilton, Ed., NATO ASI Series, Vol. I 50, Springer-Verlag, 367-381.
52. Marks, C. J., and S. D. Eckermann, 1995: A three-dimensional non-hydrostatic ray-tracing model for gravity waves: Formulation and preliminary results for the middle atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1959-1984.
53. McComas, C. H., and F. P. Bretherton, 1977: Resonant interaction of oceanic internal waves. J. Geophys. Res., 82, 1397-1412.
54. Medvedev, A. S., and G. P. Klaassen, 1995: Vertical evolution of gravity wave spectra and the parameterization of associated wave drag. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25841-25853.
55. Mengel, J. H., H. G. Mayr, K. L. Chan, C. O. Hines, C. A. Reddy, N. F. Arnold, and S. F Porter, 1995: Equatorial oscillations in the middle atmosphere generated by small-scale gravity waves. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3027-3030.
56. Müller, P., G. Holloway, F. S. Henyey, and N. Pomphrey, 1986: Non-linear interactions among internal gravity waves. Rev. Geophys., 24, 493-536.
57. Munk, W., 1981: Internal waves and small-scale processes. Evolution of Physical Oceanography, B. A. Warren and C. Wunsch, Eds., The MIT Press, 264-291.
58. Orlanski, I., and C. P. Cerasoli, 1981: Energy transfer among internal gravity modes: Weak and strong interactions. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4103-4124.
59. Schoeberl, M. R., 1985: A ray-tracing model of gravity wave propagation and breakdown in the middle atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 7999-8010.
60. Shen, C. Y., and G. Holloway, 1986: A numerical study of the frequency and the energetics of nonlinear internal gravity waves. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 953-973.
61. Sherman, J. T., and R. Pinkel, 1991: Estimates of the vertical wavenumber-frequency spectra of vertical shear and strain. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 292-303.
62. Smith, S. A., D. C. Fritts, and T. E. VanZandt, 1987: Evidence for a saturated spectrum of atmospheric gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1404-1410.
63. Sonmor, L. J., and G. P. Klaassen, 1996: Higher-order resonant instabilities of internal gravity waves. J. Fluid Mech., 324, 1-23.
64. Thorpe, S. A., 1989: The distortion of short internal waves produced by a long wave, with application to ocean boundary mixing. J. Fluid Mech., 208, 395-415.
65. Tsuda, T, T. E. VanZandt, M. Mizumoto, S. Kato, and S. Fukao, 1991: Spectral analysis of temperature and Brunt-Väisälä frequency fluctuations observed by radiosondes. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17265-17278.
66. Weinstock, J., 1990: Saturated and unsaturated spectra of gravity waves, and scale-dependent diffusion. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2211-2225.
67. Zhong, L., L. J. Sonmor, A. H. Manson, and C. E. Meek, 1995: The influence of time-dependent wind on gravity-wave propagation in the middle atmosphere. Ann. Geophys., 13, 375-394.
68. Zhu, X., 1994: A new theory of the saturated gravity wave spectrum for the middle atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3615-3626.