메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 54, Issue 23, 1997, Pages 2760-2774

Variability of midtropospheric moisture and its effect on cloud-top height distribution during TOGA COARE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; CLOUDS; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); RAIN; TROPICS; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 0031398418     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2760:VOMMAI>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (224)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 0001241791 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I
    • Arakawa, A., and W. H. Schubert, 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 674-701
    • Arakawa, A.1    Schubert, W.H.2
  • 3
    • 0018676084 scopus 로고
    • Peninsula-scale convergence in the south Florida sea breeze
    • Burpee, R. W., 1979: Peninsula-scale convergence in the south Florida sea breeze. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 852-860.
    • (1979) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.107 , pp. 852-860
    • Burpee, R.W.1
  • 5
    • 0027801382 scopus 로고
    • A numerical study of the genesis of extratropical convective mesovortices. Part I: Evolution and dynamics
    • Chen, S. S., and W. M. Frank, 1993: A numerical study of the genesis of extratropical convective mesovortices. Part I: Evolution and dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2401-2426.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 2401-2426
    • Chen, S.S.1    Frank, W.M.2
  • 6
    • 0030839553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variation of deep convective systems over the tropical Pacific warm pool
    • -, and R. A. Houze Jr., 1997: Diurnal variation of deep convective systems over the tropical Pacific warm pool. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 357-388.
    • (1997) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.123 , pp. 357-388
    • Houze Jr., R.A.1
  • 7
    • 0029527604 scopus 로고
    • TOGA COARE satellite summaries available on the World Wide Web
    • _, _, S. R. Brodzik, and S. E. Yuter, 1995: TOGA COARE satellite summaries available on the World Wide Web. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 329-333.
    • (1995) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.76 , pp. 329-333
    • Brodzik, S.R.1    Yuter, S.E.2
  • 8
    • 0029769393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiscale variability of deep convection in relation to large-scale circulation in TOGA COARE
    • _, _, and B. E. Mapes, 1996: Multiscale variability of deep convection in relation to large-scale circulation in TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1380-1409.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 1380-1409
    • Mapes, B.E.1
  • 9
    • 0023467575 scopus 로고
    • A numerical simulation of quasi-stationary tropical convective bands
    • Dudhia, J., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1987: A numerical simulation of quasi-stationary tropical convective bands. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 929-967.
    • (1987) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.113 , pp. 929-967
    • Dudhia, J.1    Moncrieff, M.W.2
  • 10
    • 0000794612 scopus 로고
    • The preconvective environment of summer thunderstorms over the Florida panhandle
    • Fuelberg, H. E., and D. G. Biggar, 1994: The preconvective environment of summer thunderstorms over the Florida panhandle. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 316-326.
    • (1994) Wea. Forecasting , vol.9 , pp. 316-326
    • Fuelberg, H.E.1    Biggar, D.G.2
  • 11
    • 0001399757 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal climate summary: The global climate of December 1992-February 1993. Part II: Large-scale variability across the tropical western Pacific during TOGA COARE
    • Gutzler, D. S., G. N. Kiladis, G. A. Meehl, K. M. Weickmann, and M. Wheeler, 1994: Seasonal climate summary: The global climate of December 1992-February 1993. Part II: Large-scale variability across the tropical western Pacific during TOGA COARE. J. Climate, 7, 1606-1622.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 1606-1622
    • Gutzler, D.S.1    Kiladis, G.N.2    Meehl, G.A.3    Weickmann, K.M.4    Wheeler, M.5
  • 12
    • 0000141901 scopus 로고
    • Radar characteristics of tropical convection observed during GATE: Mean properties and trends over the summer season
    • Houze, R. A., Jr., and C.-P. Cheng, 1977: Radar characteristics of tropical convection observed during GATE: Mean properties and trends over the summer season. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 964-980.
    • (1977) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.105 , pp. 964-980
    • Houze Jr., R.A.1    Cheng, C.-P.2
  • 13
    • 0025592294 scopus 로고
    • A one-dimensional entraining/ detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization
    • Kain. J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1990: A one-dimensional entraining/ detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2784-2802.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 2784-2802
    • Kain, J.S.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 14
    • 0030467436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic and thermodynamic characteristics of the flow over the western Pacific warm pool during TOGA COARE
    • Lin, X., and R. H. Johnson, 1996: Kinematic and thermodynamic characteristics of the flow over the western Pacific warm pool during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 695-715.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 695-715
    • Lin, X.1    Johnson, R.H.2
  • 15
    • 0029473549 scopus 로고
    • Classification of clouds over the western equatorial Pacific using combined infrared and microwave satellite data
    • Liu, G., J. A. Curry, and R.-S. Sheu, 1995: Classification of clouds over the western equatorial Pacific using combined infrared and microwave satellite data. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 13811-13826.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 13811-13826
    • Liu, G.1    Curry, J.A.2    Sheu, R.-S.3
  • 16
    • 6244274748 scopus 로고
    • The TOGA-COARE high resolution sounding archive: Development and quality control strategies
    • Miami, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Loehrer, S. M., T. A. Edmands, and J. A. Moore, 1995: The TOGA-COARE high resolution sounding archive: Development and quality control strategies. Proc. 21st Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 422-424.
    • (1995) Proc. 21st Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology , pp. 422-424
    • Loehrer, S.M.1    Edmands, T.A.2    Moore, J.A.3
  • 17
    • 4243578395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of dry air intrusions on mesoscale convective systems
    • Preprints, Atlanta, GA, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Lucas, C., and E. J. Zipser, 1996: The impact of dry air intrusions on mesoscale convective systems. Preprints, Eighth Conf. on Air-Sea Interaction, Atlanta, GA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., J132-J133.
    • (1996) Eighth Conf. on Air-Sea Interaction
    • Lucas, C.1    Zipser, E.J.2
  • 18
    • 0000462522 scopus 로고
    • Description of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific
    • Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1971: Description of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702-708.
    • (1971) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 702-708
    • Madden, R.A.1    Julian, P.R.2
  • 19
    • 0000107799 scopus 로고
    • Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50 day period
    • _, and _, 1972: Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50 day period. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109-1123.
    • (1972) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 1109-1123
  • 20
    • 0027839648 scopus 로고
    • Gregarious tropical convection
    • Mapes, B. E., 1993: Gregarious tropical convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2026-2037.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 2026-2037
    • Mapes, B.E.1
  • 21
    • 0027849791 scopus 로고
    • Cloud clusters and superclusters over the oceanic warm pool
    • _, and R. A. Houze Jr., 1993: Cloud clusters and superclusters over the oceanic warm pool. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1398-1415.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.121 , pp. 1398-1415
    • Houze Jr., R.A.1
  • 22
    • 0029412928 scopus 로고
    • Diabatic divergence profiles in western Pacific mesoscale convective systems
    • _, and -, 1995: Diabatic divergence profiles in western Pacific mesoscale convective systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1807-1828.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 1807-1828
  • 23
    • 0030456512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative-dynamical consequences of dry tongues in the tropical troposphere
    • _, and P. Zuidema, 1996: Radiative-dynamical consequences of dry tongues in the tropical troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 620-638.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 620-638
    • Zuidema, P.1
  • 26
    • 21344461613 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of 4-to-20-day-period disturbances observed in the equatorial pacific during the TOGA COARE IOP
    • Numaguti, A., 1995: Characteristics of 4-to-20-day-period disturbances observed in the equatorial pacific during the TOGA COARE IOP. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 73, 353-377.
    • (1995) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.73 , pp. 353-377
    • Numaguti, A.1
  • 27
    • 21344456905 scopus 로고
    • 4-5-day-period variation and low-level dry air observed in the equatorial western Pacific during the TOGA COARE IOP
    • _, R. Oki, K. Nakamura, K. Tsuboki, N. Misawa, T. Asai, and Y.-M. Kodama, 1995: 4-5-day-period variation and low-level dry air observed in the equatorial western Pacific during the TOGA COARE IOP. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 73, 267-290.
    • (1995) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.73 , pp. 267-290
    • Oki, R.1    Nakamura, K.2    Tsuboki, K.3    Misawa, N.4    Asai, T.5    Kodama, Y.-M.6
  • 29
    • 0022923581 scopus 로고
    • A stochastic mixing model for nonprecipitating cumulus clouds
    • Raymond, D. J., and A. M. Blyth, 1986: A stochastic mixing model for nonprecipitating cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2708-2718.
    • (1986) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 2708-2718
    • Raymond, D.J.1    Blyth, A.M.2
  • 30
    • 0001687839 scopus 로고
    • Quasi-Lagrangian measurements in convective boundary layer plumes and their implications for the calculation of CAPE
    • Renno, N. O., and E. R. Williams, 1995: Quasi-Lagrangian measurements in convective boundary layer plumes and their implications for the calculation of CAPE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2733-2742.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 2733-2742
    • Renno, N.O.1    Williams, E.R.2
  • 31
    • 0344252238 scopus 로고
    • Rainfall production from the spectrum of convection observed by shipboard radar during TOGA COARE
    • Miami, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Rickenbach, T. M., 1995: Rainfall production from the spectrum of convection observed by shipboard radar during TOGA COARE. Proc. 21st Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 116-118.
    • (1995) Proc. 21st Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology , pp. 116-118
    • Rickenbach, T.M.1
  • 32
    • 0000782405 scopus 로고
    • Tropical sea surface temperature: An interactive one-dimensional atmosphere-ocean model
    • Sarachik, E. S., 1978: Tropical sea surface temperature: An interactive one-dimensional atmosphere-ocean model. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 2, 455-469.
    • (1978) Dyn. Atmos. Oceans , vol.2 , pp. 455-469
    • Sarachik, E.S.1
  • 33
    • 0029544219 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric humidity variations associated with westerly wind bursts during Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE)
    • Sheu, R.-S., and G. Liu, 1995: Atmospheric humidity variations associated with westerly wind bursts during Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE). J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25 759-25 768.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 25759-25768
    • Sheu, R.-S.1    Liu, G.2
  • 35
    • 0020897433 scopus 로고
    • Cumulus clouds: Early aircraft observations and entrainment hypotheses
    • D. K. Lilly and T. Gal-Chen, Eds.
    • Simpson, J., 1983: Cumulus clouds: Early aircraft observations and entrainment hypotheses. Mesoscale Meteorology - Theories, Observations and Models, D. K. Lilly and T. Gal-Chen, Eds., 355-373.
    • (1983) Mesoscale Meteorology - Theories, Observations and Models , pp. 355-373
    • Simpson, J.1
  • 36
    • 0027834641 scopus 로고
    • Global oceanic precipitation from the MSU during 1979-1991 and comparisons to other climatologies
    • Spencer, R. W., 1993: Global oceanic precipitation from the MSU during 1979-1991 and comparisons to other climatologies. J. Climate, 6, 1301-1326.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 1301-1326
    • Spencer, R.W.1
  • 37
    • 0001960501 scopus 로고
    • Entrainment of air into a cumulus cloud
    • Stommel, H., 1947: Entrainment of air into a cumulus cloud. J. Meteor., 4, 91-94.
    • (1947) J. Meteor. , vol.4 , pp. 91-94
    • Stommel, H.1
  • 38
    • 0028808462 scopus 로고
    • Influence of tropical cloud systems on the relative humidity in the upper troposphere
    • Udelhofen, P. M., and D. L. Hartmann, 1995: Influence of tropical cloud systems on the relative humidity in the upper troposphere. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7423-7440.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 7423-7440
    • Udelhofen, P.M.1    Hartmann, D.L.2
  • 39
    • 0014856282 scopus 로고
    • On steady-state one-dimensional models of cumulus convection
    • Warner, J., 1970: On steady-state one-dimensional models of cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 1035-1040.
    • (1970) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 1035-1040
    • Warner, J.1
  • 40
    • 0027098515 scopus 로고
    • TOGA COARE: The coupled ocean-atmosphere response experiment
    • Webster, P. J., and R. Lukas, 1992: TOGA COARE: The coupled ocean-atmosphere response experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1377-1416.
    • (1992) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.73 , pp. 1377-1416
    • Webster, P.J.1    Lukas, R.2
  • 41
    • 0030515286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface meteorology and air-sea fluxes in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment
    • Weller, R. A., and S. P. Anderson, 1996: Surface meteorology and air-sea fluxes in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. J. Climate, 9, 1959-1990.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 1959-1990
    • Weller, R.A.1    Anderson, S.P.2
  • 42
    • 21344441715 scopus 로고
    • The behavior of dry westerly air associated with convection observed during the TOGA-COARE R/V Natsushima cruise
    • Yoneyama, K. and T. Fujitani, 1995: The behavior of dry westerly air associated with convection observed during the TOGA-COARE R/V Natsushima cruise. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 73, 291-304.
    • (1995) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.73 , pp. 291-304
    • Yoneyama, K.1    Fujitani, T.2
  • 43
    • 0014580530 scopus 로고
    • The role of organized unsaturated convective downdrafts in the structure and rapid decay of an equatorial disturbance
    • Zipser, E. J., 1969: The role of organized unsaturated convective downdrafts in the structure and rapid decay of an equatorial disturbance. J. Appl. Meteor., 8, 799-814.
    • (1969) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.8 , pp. 799-814
    • Zipser, E.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.