Electrochemical modification of glassy carbon electrode using aromatic diazonium salts. 1. Blocking effect of 4-nitrophenyl and 4-carboxyphenyl groups

Langmuir

Volumn 13, Issue 25, 1997, Pages 6805-6813

  Saby, Coralie ^a   Ortiz, Bertha ^a   Champagne, Gilles Y ^b,c   Bélanger, Daniel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b HYDRO QUÉBEC   (Canada)

^c Argo Tech Productions Inc   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; CARBON; CHARGE TRANSFER; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; GRAFTING (CHEMICAL); REACTION KINETICS; REDUCTION; SALTS; SPECTROSCOPY; SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS;

ELECTROCHEMICAL MODIFICATION; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE;

ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTRODES;

EID: 0031375021     PISSN: 07437463     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/la961033o     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Murray, R. W. Electroanal. Chem. 1984, 13, 191 and references therein.
2. Swalen, J. D.; Allara, D. L.; Andrade, J. D.; Chandross, E. A.; Garoff, S.; Israelachvili, J.; McCarthy, T. J.; Murray, R.; Pease, R. F.; Rabolt, J. F.; Wynne, K. J.; Hu, S. Langmuir 1987, 3, 932.
3. Barendrecht, E. J. Appl. Electrochem. 1990, 20, 175.
4. Molecular Design of Electrode Surfaces; Murray, R. W., Ed.; Techniques of Chemistry Series; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1992; Vol. 22.
5. Lane, R. F.; Hubbard, A. T. J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77, 1401.
6. Lane, R. F.; Hubbard, A. T. J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77, 1411.
7. (a) Ulman, A. An Introduction to Ultrathin Organic Films; Academic Press: San Diego, 1991.
8. (b) Goldenberg, L. M. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1994, 379, 3.
9. (c) Zhong, C. J.; Porter, M. D. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 709A.
10. Finklea, H. O. Electroanal. Chem. 1996, 19, 109.
11. Lewis, M.; Tarlov, M.; Carron, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9574.
12. Everett, W. R.; Fritsch-Faules, I. Anal. Chim. Acta 1995, 307, 253 and references therein.
13. McCreery, R. L. Electroanal. Chem. 1991, 17, 221.
14. (a) Delamar, M.; Hitmi, R.; Pinson, J.; Savéant, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 5883.
15. (b) Bourdillon, C.; Delamar, M.; Demaille, C.; Hitmi, R.; Moiroux, J.; Pinson, J. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1992, 336, 113.
16. (c) Allongue, P.; Delamar, M.; Desbat, B.; Fagebaume, O.; Hitmi, R.; Pinson, J.; Savéant, J.-M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 201.
17. (a) Downard, A. J.; Roddick, A. D. Electroanalysis 1995, 7, 376.
18. (b) Downard, A. J.; Roddick, A. D.; Bond, A. M. Anal. Chim. Acta 1995, 317, 303.
19. (a) Liu, Y.-C.; McCreery, R. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11254.
20. (b) Chen, P.; McCreery, R. L. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 3958.
21. (c) Liu, Y.-C.; McCreery, R. L. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 2091.
22. Liu, G.; Freund, M. S. Chem. Mater. 1996, 8, 1164.
23. Saby, C.; Champagne, G. Y.; Bélanger, D. Meeting Abstracts, Electrochemical Society, San Antonio, TX, Oct 6-11, 1996; Electrochemical Society: Pennington, NJ, 1996; Vol. 96-2, p 1120.
24. Elofson, R. M.; Gadallah, F. F. J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 854.
25. (a) Elofson, R. M.; Gadallah, F. F.; Cantu, A. A.; Schulz, K. F. Can. J. Chem. 1974,52,2430.
26. (b) Elofson, R. M.;Gadallah, F. F.; Schulz, K.; Laidler, J. K. Can. J. Chem. 1984, 62, 1772.
27. Mascharak, P. K. Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 247.
28. Ruddy, A. W.; Starkey, E. B. Org. Synth. 1955, 3, 665.
29. Bruno, T. J.; Svoronos, P. D. N. CRC Handbook of basic tables for chemical analysis; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1989.
30. Laviron, E. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1967, 3717.
31. Gadallah, F. F.; Elofson, R. M. J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 3335.
32. (a) Cheng, Q.; Brajter-Toth, A. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 2767.
33. (b) Cheng, Q; Brajter-Toth, A. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 4180.
34. (a) Miller, C.; Cuendet, P.; Grätzel, M. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 877.
35. (b) Miller, C.; Grätzel, M. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 5225.
36. Redepenning, J.; Tunison, H. M.; Finklea, H. O. Langmuir 1993, 9, 1404.
37. Finklea, H. O.; Avery, S.; Lynch, M.; Furtsch, T. Langmuir 1987, 3, 409.
38. Godinez, L. A.; Castro, R.; Kaifer, A. E. Langmuir 1996, 12, 5087.
39. Madoz, J.; Kuznetzov, B. A.; Medrano, F. J.; Garcia, J. L.; Fernandez, V. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 1043.
40. Andersen, M. R.; Evaniak, M. N.; Zhang, M. Langmuir 1996, 12, 2327.
41. Sun, L.; Johnson, B.; Wade, T.; Crooks, R. M. J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 8869.
42. Takehara, K.; Takemura, H.; Ide, Y. Electrochim. Acta-1994, 39, 817.
43. Wang, J.; Frostman, L. M.; Ward, M. D. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 5224.
44. Creager, S. E.; Clarke, J. Langmuir 1994, 10, 3675.
45. Petrov, J. G.; Möbius, D. Langmuir 1996, 12, 3650.
46. Cyr, A.; Huot, P.; Belot, G.; Lessard, J. Electrochim. Acta 1990, 35, 147.
47. Vetter, K. J. In Electrochemical Kinetics; Academic Press: New York, 1967.
48. CT value of 4315 Ω was used for the calculation.
49. (a)Taira, H.; Nakano, K.; Maeda, M.; Takagi, M.Anal. Sci. 1993, 9, 199.
50. (b) Uchida, I.; Ishiho, A.; Matsue, T.; Itaya, K. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1989, 266, 455.
51. (a) Lipkowski, J. In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry; Conway, B. E., Bockris, J. O'M., White, R. E., Eds.; Plenum Press: New York, 1992; Vol. 23, p 1.
52. (b) Bizotto, D.; McAlees, A.; Lipkowski, J.; McCrindle, R. Langmuir 1995, 11, 3243.
53. Sabatini, E.; Cohen-Boulakia, J.; Bruening, M.; Rubinstein, I. Langmuir 1993, 9, 2974.
54. Mahir, T. M.; Bowden, E. F. Electrochim. Acta 1994, 39, 2347.
55. Brug, G. J.; van den Eeden, A. L. G.; Sluyters-Rehbach, M.; Sluyters, J. H. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1984, 176, 275.
56. Groult, H.; Devilliers, D.; Vogler, M.; Chemla, M. J. Appl. Electrochem. 1994, 24, 870.
57. Bard, A. J.; Faulkner, L. R. In Electrochemical Methods; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1980; p 316.
58. Badia, A.; Back, R.; Lennox, R. B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2332.
59. Finklea, H. O.; Snider, D. A.; Fedyk, J.; Sabatini, E.; Gafni, Y.; Rubinstein, I. Langmuir 1993, 9, 3660.
60. Elliott, C. M.; Murray, R. W. Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 1247.
61. Deinhammer, R. S.; Ho, M.; Anderegg, J. W.; Porter, M. D. Langmuir 1994, 10, 1306.
62. Henry de Villeneuve, C.; Pinson, J.; Bernard, M. C.; Allongue, P. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 2415.
63. Elofson, R. M.; Edsberg, R. L.; Mecherly, P. A. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1950, 97, 167.
64. Zollinger, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1973, 6, 335.
65. Sun, F.; Castner, D. G.; Mao, G.; Wang, W.; McKeon, P.; Grainger, D. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1856.