Effects of variable selection on the factor structure of person descriptors

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Volumn 73, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 1296-1312

  Saucier, Gerard ^a,b  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; PERCEPTION; PERSONALITY TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOMETRY; REFERENCE VALUE; STATISTICS; STUDENT; TEMPERAMENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; PSYCHOMETRICS; REFERENCE VALUES; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; STUDENTS; TEMPERAMENT;

EID: 0031308232     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1296     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt.
2. Allport, G. W., & Odbert, H. S. (1936). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study. Psychological Monographs, 47(1, Whole No. 211).
3. Almagor, M., Tellegen, A., & Waller, N. G. (1995). The Big Seven model: A cross-cultural replication and further exploration of the basic dimensions of natural language trait descriptors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 300-307.
4. The American heritage dictionary (2nd college ed.). (1982). Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
5. Angleitner, A., John, O. P., & Ostendorf, F. (n.d.). A taxonomy of German personality-descriptive terms. Unpublished manuscript, Universitaet Bielefeld.
6. Angleitner, A., Ostendorf, F., & John, O. P. (1990). Towards a taxonomy of personality descriptors in German: A psycho-lexical study. European Journal of Personality, 4, 89-118.
7. Benet, V., & Waller, N. G. (1995). A Spanish taxonomy of trait terms. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Davis.
8. Block, J. (1978). The Q-sort method in personality assessment and psychiatric research. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. (Original work published 1961)
9. Block, J. (1995). A contrarian view of the five-factor approach to personality description. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 187-215.
10. Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1980). The role of ego-control and egoresiliency in the organization of behavior. In W. A. Collins (Ed.), Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 39-101). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
11. Brokken, F. B. (1978). The language of personality. Meppel, Netherlands: Krips.
12. Caprara, G. V., & Perugini, M. (1994). Personality described by adjectives: Generalizability of the Big Five to the Italian lexical context. European Journal of Personality, 8, 357-369.
13. Cattell, R. B. (1943). The description of personality: Basic traits resolved into clusters. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 38, 476-506.
14. Cattell, R. B. (1966). The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1, 245-276.
15. Cattell, R. B., Eber, H. W., & Tatsuoka, M. (1970). Handbook for the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. Champaign, IL: Institute for Personality and Ability Testing.
16. Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., & Reyes, J. A. (1996). Toward a taxonomy of trait adjectives in Filipino: Comparing personality lexicons across cultures. European Journal of Personality, 10, 3-24.
17. Church, A. T., Reyes, J. A. S., Katigbak, M. S., & Grimm, S. D. (1995, August). Indigenous Filipino personality dimensions and the Big Five model. Paper presented at the 103rd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, New York.
18. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
19. De Raad, B., Hendriks, A. A. J., & Hofstee, W. K. B. (1992). Towards a refined structure of personality traits. European Journal of Personality, 6, 301-319.
20. De Raad, B., & Szirmak, Z. (1994). The search for the Big Five in a non-Indo-European language: The Hungarian trait structure and its relationship to the EPQ and the PTS. European Review of Applied Psychology, 44, 17-26.
21. Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. In M. R. Rosenzweig & L. W. Porter (Eds.), Annual review of psychology (Vol. 41, pp. 417-440). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews.
22. Digman, J. M. (1997). Higher-order factors of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1246-1256.
23. Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., Makhijani, M. G., & Longo, L. C. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but . . . : A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 109-128.
24. Everett, J. E. (1983). Factor comparability as a means of determining the number of factors and their rotation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 18, 197-218.
25. Eysenck, H. J. (1970). The structure of human personality (3rd ed.). London: Methuen.
26. Eysenck, H. J. (1992). Four ways five factors are not basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 667-673.
27. Feingold, A. (1992). Good-looking people are not what we think. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 304-341.
28. Glueck, S., & Glueck, E. (1956). Physique and delinquency. New York: Harper.
29. Goldberg, L. R. (1981). Language and individual differences: The search for universals in personality lexicons. In L. W. Wheeler (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 141-165). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
30. Goldberg, L. R. (1982). From Ace to Zombie: Some explorations in the language of personality. In C. D. Spielberger & J. N. Butcher (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 1, pp. 203-234). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
31. Goldberg, L. R. (1983, June). The magical number five, plus or minus two: Some considerations on the dimensionality of personality descriptors. Paper presented at a research seminar. Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore.
32. Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative "description of personality": The Big-Five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1216-1229.
33. Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4, 26-42.
34. Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48, 26-34.
35. Goldberg, L. R., & Rosolack, T. K. (1994). The Big-Five factor structure as an integrative framework: An empirical comparison with Eysenck's P-E-N model. In C. F. Halverson, G. A. Kohnstamm, & R. P. Martin (Eds.), The developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood (pp. 7-35). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
36. Goldberg, L. R., & Saucier, G. (1995). So what do you propose we use instead - A reply to Block. Psychological Bulletin, 177, 221-225.
37. Greenwood, J. D. (1991). Relations and representations. London: Routledge.
38. Guadagnoli, E., & Velicer, W. F. (1988). Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 265-275.
39. Harman, H. H. (1976). Modern factor analysis (3rd ed., rev.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
40. Henss, R. (1996, July). The Big Five and physical attractiveness. Paper presented at the 8th European Conference on Personality, Ghent, Belgium.
41. Hofstee, W. K. B., Brokken, F. B., & Land, H. (1981). Constructie van een standaardpersoonlijkheids-eigenschappenlijst (SPEL) [Construction of a standard list of personality descriptive adjectives]. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie, 34, 443-452.
42. Hogan, R. (1986). Hogan Personality Inventory manual. Minneapolis: National Computer Systems.
43. Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30, 179-185.
44. Hrebickova, M., Ostendorf, F., & Angleitner, A. (1995, July). Basic dimensions of personality description in the Czech language. Poster presented at the 7th Meeting of the International Society for Study of Individual Differences, July 14-19, Warsaw, Poland.
45. John, O. P. (1990). The Big Five factor taxonomy: Dimensions of personality in the natural language and in questionnaires. In L. A. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 66-100). New York: Guilford.
46. Lanning, K. (1994). Dimensionality of observer ratings on the California Adult Q-set. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 151-160.
47. Levy, L. H. (1970). Conceptions of personality: Theories and research. New York: Random House.
48. McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987). Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 81-90.
49. McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1995). Positive and negative valence within the five-factor model. Journal of Research in Personality, 29, 443-460.
50. Norman, W. T. (1967). 2800 personality trait descriptors: Normative operating characteristics for a university population. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Department of Psychology.
51. Osgood, C. E., May, W. H., & Miron, M. S. (1975). Cross-cultural universals of affective meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
52. Ostendorf, F. (1990a). Sprache und Persoenlichkeitsstruktur: zur Validitaet des Funf-Faktoren-Modells der Persoenlichkeit [Language and personality structure: On the validity of the five-factor model of personality]. Regensburg, Germany: S. Roderer Verlag.
53. Ostendorf, F. (1990b). Taxonomie einer Liste von 830 personbeschreibenden Adjektiven [Taxonony of a list of 830 person-descriptive adjectives]. Unpublished manuscript, Universitaet Bielefeld.
54. Ostendorf, F., & Angleitner, A. (1993, July). A German replication study of the five-factor model based on a comprehensive taxonomy of personality descriptive adjectives. Paper presented at the 6th meeting of the International Society for the Study of Individual Differences, Baltimore.
55. Peabody, D. (1987). Selecting representative trait adjectives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 59-71.
56. Peabody, D., & Goldberg, L. R. (1989). Some determinants of factor structures from personality-trait descriptors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 552-567.
57. Saucier, G. (1992). Benchmarks: Integrating affective and interpersonal circles with the Big-Five personality factors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 1025-1035.
58. Saucier, G. (1994a). Mini-markers: A brief version of Goldberg's unipolar Big-Five markers. Journal of Personality Assessment, 63, 506-516.
59. Saucier, G. (1994b, August). Positive and negative valence: Beyond the Big Five? Paper presented at the 102nd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, CA.
60. Saucier, G. (1994c). Separating description and evaluation in the structure of personality attributes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 141-154.
61. Saucier, G. (1996). Personality in 3-D: Integrating three- and five-factor models. Unpublished manuscript, California State University, San Bernardino.
62. Saucier, G., & Goldberg, L. R. (1996a). Evidence for the Big Five factors in analyses of personality adjectives in English. European Journal of Personality, 10, 61-77.
63. Saucier, G., & Goldberg, L. R. (1996b). The language of personality: Lexical perspectives on the five-factor model. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed.), The five-factor model of personality: Theoretical perspectives (pp. 21-50). New York: Guilford.
64. Schneider, D. J. (1973). Implicit personality theory: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 79, 294-309.
65. Sheldon, W. H. (1944). Constitutional factors in personality. In J. M. Hunt (Ed.), Personality and the behavior disorders (pp. 526-549). New York: Ronald.
66. Szirmak, S., & De Raad, B. (1994). Taxonomy and structure of Hungarian personality traits. European Journal of Personality, 8, 95-117.
67. Tellegen, A. (1993). Folk concepts and psychological concepts of personality and personality disorder. Psychological Inquiry, 4, 122-130.
68. Tellegen, A., Grove, W. M., & Waller, N. G. (1991). Inventory of Personal Characteristics #7 (IPC7). Unpublished manuscript, University of Minnesota.
69. Tellegen, A., & Waller, N. G. (1987, August-September). Re-examining basic dimensions of natural language trait descriptors. Paper presented at the 95th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, New York.
70. Velicer, W. F., & Fava, J. L. (1987). An evaluation of the effects of variable sampling on component, image, and factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 22, 193-209.
71. Waller, N. G. (in press). Evaluating the structure of personality. In C. R. Cloninger (Ed.), Personality and psychopathology. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
72. Waller, N. G., & Zavala, J. D. (1993). Evaluating the Big Five. Psychological Inquiry, 4, 131-134.
73. Wierzbicka, A. (1986). What's in a noun? (Or: How do nouns differ in meaning from adjectives?). Studies in Language, 10, 353-389.
74. Wiggins, J. S., & Trapnell, P. (1996). A dyadic-interactional perspective on the five-factor model. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed.), The five-factor model of personality: Theoretical perspectives (pp. 88-162). New York: Guilford.
75. Wiggins, J. S., Trapnell, P., & Phillips, N. (1988). Psychometric and geometric characteristics of the Revised Interpersonal Adjective Scales (IAS-R). Multivariate Behavioral Research, 16, 263-289.
76. Zwick, W. R., & Velicer, W. F. (1986). A comparison of five rules for determining the number of components to retain. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 432-442.