메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 991-1007

Average inversion level, modeling, and physics of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

Author keywords

Modeling; Multiplexing; Optical communication; Optical fiber amplifiers; Transient analysis; Wavelength division multiplexing

Indexed keywords

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; FIBER OPTIC NETWORKS; FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OPTICAL COMMUNICATION; PERTURBATION TECHNIQUES;

EID: 0031200264     PISSN: 1077260X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/2944.649527     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (184)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0023418090 scopus 로고
    • Low noise erbium-doped fiber amplifier operating at 1.54 μm
    • R. J. Mears, L. Reekie, I. M. Jauncey, and D. N. Payne, "Low noise erbium-doped fiber amplifier operating at 1.54 μm," Electron. Lett., vol. 23, p. 1026, 1987.
    • (1987) Electron. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 1026
    • Mears, R.J.1    Reekie, L.2    Jauncey, I.M.3    Payne, D.N.4
  • 2
    • 84975625168 scopus 로고
    • High-gain erbium-doped traveling-wave fiber amplifier
    • E. Desurvire, J. R. Simpson, and P. C. Becker, "High-gain erbium-doped traveling-wave fiber amplifier," Opt. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 888-890, 1987.
    • (1987) Opt. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 888-890
    • Desurvire, E.1    Simpson, J.R.2    Becker, P.C.3
  • 3
    • 0003434416 scopus 로고
    • Mill Valley, CA: Univ. Sci. Books
    • A. E. Siegman, Lasers. Mill Valley, CA: Univ. Sci. Books, 1986.
    • (1986) Lasers
    • Siegman, A.E.1
  • 4
    • 84975655155 scopus 로고
    • Three-level fiber laser amplifier: A theoretical model
    • J. R. Armitage, "Three-level fiber laser amplifier: A theoretical model," Appl. Opt., vol. 27, no. 23, pp. 4831-4836, 1988.
    • (1988) Appl. Opt. , vol.27 , Issue.23 , pp. 4831-4836
    • Armitage, J.R.1
  • 5
    • 84975575663 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical modeling of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with excited-state absorption
    • P. R. Morkel and R. I. Laming, "Theoretical modeling of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with excited-state absorption," Opt. Lett., vol. 14, no. 19, pp. 1062-1064, 1989.
    • (1989) Opt. Lett. , vol.14 , Issue.19 , pp. 1062-1064
    • Morkel, P.R.1    Laming, R.I.2
  • 7
    • 0025510467 scopus 로고
    • Spectral dependence of gain and noise in erbium-doped fiber optical amplifiers
    • Nov.
    • C. R. Giles and D. DiGiovanni, "Spectral dependence of gain and noise in erbium-doped fiber optical amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 2, pp. 797-800, Nov. 1990.
    • (1990) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , vol.2 , pp. 797-800
    • Giles, C.R.1    DiGiovanni, D.2
  • 8
    • 0026103991 scopus 로고
    • Propagation of signal and noise in concatenated erbium-doped fiber optical amplifiers
    • Feb.
    • C. R. Giles and E. Desurvire, "Propagation of signal and noise in concatenated erbium-doped fiber optical amplifiers," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 9, pp. 147-154, Feb. 1991.
    • (1991) J. Lightwave Technol. , vol.9 , pp. 147-154
    • Giles, C.R.1    Desurvire, E.2
  • 9
    • 0026103154 scopus 로고
    • Modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers
    • Feb.
    • _, "Modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 9, pp. 271-283, Feb. 1991.
    • (1991) J. Lightwave Technol. , vol.9 , pp. 271-283
  • 12
    • 0031103603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EDFA transient response to channel loss in WDM transmission system
    • Mar.
    • A. K. Srivastava, Y. Sun, J. L. Zyskind, and J. W. Sulhoff, "EDFA transient response to channel loss in WDM transmission system," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 386-389, Mar. 1997.
    • (1997) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 386-389
    • Srivastava, A.K.1    Sun, Y.2    Zyskind, J.L.3    Sulhoff, J.W.4
  • 13
    • 84995687658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast power transients in optically amplified multiwavelength optical networks
    • San Jose, CA, post-deadline paper PD31
    • J. L. Zyskind, Y. Sun, A. K. Srivastava, J. W. Sulhoff, C. Wolf, and R. W. Tkach, "Fast power transients in optically amplified multiwavelength optical networks," in Proc. OFC, San Jose, CA, 1996, post-deadline paper PD31.
    • (1996) Proc. OFC
    • Zyskind, J.L.1    Sun, Y.2    Srivastava, A.K.3    Sulhoff, J.W.4    Wolf, C.5    Tkach, R.W.6
  • 15
    • 0031075581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast power transients in WDM optical networks with cascaded EDFA's
    • Feb.
    • Y. Sun, A. K. Srivastava, J. L. Zyskind, J. W. Sulhoff, C. Wolf, and R. W. Tkach, "Fast power transients in WDM optical networks with cascaded EDFA's," Electron. Lett., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 313-314, Feb. 1997.
    • (1997) Electron. Lett. , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 313-314
    • Sun, Y.1    Srivastava, A.K.2    Zyskind, J.L.3    Sulhoff, J.W.4    Wolf, C.5    Tkach, R.W.6
  • 17
    • 0030313716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiwavelength optical network activities in the US
    • Oslo, Norway, Sept.
    • R. C. Alferness, "Multiwavelength optical network activities in the US," in Proc. ECOC, Oslo, Norway, Sept. 1996, vol. 2, p. 35.
    • (1996) Proc. ECOC , vol.2 , pp. 35
    • Alferness, R.C.1
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0030713151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical amplifiers for optical networks
    • Montreal, PQ, Canada, Aug.
    • A. K. Srivastava and Y. Sun, "Optical amplifiers for optical networks," in Tech. Dig. IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meet., Montreal, PQ, Canada, Aug. 1997, pp. 74-75.
    • (1997) Tech. Dig. IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meet. , pp. 74-75
    • Srivastava, A.K.1    Sun, Y.2
  • 22
    • 3743131775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All-optical stabilization of multiwavelength EDFA chains: A network-level approach
    • Boston, MA, Nov. post-deadline PDP2.2
    • J. L. Jackel and D. Richards, "All-optical stabilization of multiwavelength EDFA chains: A network-level approach," in Proc. LEOS, Boston, MA, Nov. 1996. post-deadline PDP2.2.
    • (1996) Proc. LEOS
    • Jackel, J.L.1    Richards, D.2
  • 23
    • 0030643071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All-optical stabilization of cascaded multichannel erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers with changing numbers of channels
    • Dallas, TX, Feb.
    • _, "All-optical stabilization of cascaded multichannel erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers with changing numbers of channels," in Proc. OFC, Dallas, TX, Feb. 1996, pp. 84-85.
    • (1996) Proc. OFC , pp. 84-85
  • 24
    • 0030695547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relaxation oscillations and spectral hole burning in laser automatic gain control of EDFA's
    • Dallas, TX, Feb.
    • G. Luo, J. L. Zyskind, Y. Sun, A. K. Srivastava, J. W. Sulhoff, and M. A. Ali, "Relaxation oscillations and spectral hole burning in laser automatic gain control of EDFA's," in Proc. OFC, Dallas, TX, Feb. 1997, pp. 130-131.
    • (1997) Proc. OFC , pp. 130-131
    • Luo, G.1    Zyskind, J.L.2    Sun, Y.3    Srivastava, A.K.4    Sulhoff, J.W.5    Ali, M.A.6
  • 25
    • 11644257253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performances of all optical gain-clamped EDFA's with different feedback wavelengths for use in multiwavelength optical networks
    • Dallas, TX, Feb.
    • J. Chung, S. Y. Kim, and C. J. Chae "Performances of all optical gain-clamped EDFA's with different feedback wavelengths for use in multiwavelength optical networks," in Proc. OFC, Dallas, TX, Feb. 1997, pp. 22-24.
    • (1997) Proc. OFC , pp. 22-24
    • Chung, J.1    Kim, S.Y.2    Chae, C.J.3
  • 26
    • 84941531125 scopus 로고
    • Transient gain and cross talk in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers
    • C. R. Giles, E. Desurvire, and J. R. Simpson, "Transient gain and cross talk in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," Opt. Lett., vol. 14, no. 16, pp. 880-882, 1989.
    • (1989) Opt. Lett. , vol.14 , Issue.16 , pp. 880-882
    • Giles, C.R.1    Desurvire, E.2    Simpson, J.R.3
  • 27
    • 0024715899 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of transient gain saturation and recovery in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers
    • E. Desurvire, "Analysis of transient gain saturation and recovery in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 196-199, 1989.
    • (1989) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , vol.1 , Issue.8 , pp. 196-199
    • Desurvire, E.1
  • 30
    • 84889510677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • private communication
    • J. A. Nagel, private communication.
    • Nagel, J.A.1
  • 31
    • 0026900768 scopus 로고
    • Bidirectional transmission at 622 Mb/s utilizing erbium-doped fiber amplifiers
    • Aug.
    • J. Haugen, J. Freeman, and J. Conradi, "Bidirectional transmission at 622 Mb/s utilizing erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 4, pp. 913-916, Aug. 1992.
    • (1992) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , vol.4 , pp. 913-916
    • Haugen, J.1    Freeman, J.2    Conradi, J.3
  • 32
    • 0027239397 scopus 로고
    • Unrepeatered bidirectional transmission system over a single fiber using optical fiber amplifiers
    • Jan.
    • K. Kannan and S. Frisken, "Unrepeatered bidirectional transmission system over a single fiber using optical fiber amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, pp. 76-79, Jan. 1993.
    • (1993) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , vol.5 , pp. 76-79
    • Kannan, K.1    Frisken, S.2
  • 33
    • 4043078691 scopus 로고
    • Low bit-rate service channel for remote monitoring of EDFA in-line repeaters obtained by modulation of the active fiber gain
    • Santa Fe, NM, June
    • M. Angellieri, F. Fontana, A. Righetti, M. Tamburello, and G. Grasso, "Low bit-rate service channel for remote monitoring of EDFA in-line repeaters obtained by modulation of the active fiber gain," in Proc. Opt. Amplifiers and Their Applications, Santa Fe, NM, June 1992, pp. 87-90.
    • (1992) Proc. Opt. Amplifiers and Their Applications , pp. 87-90
    • Angellieri, M.1    Fontana, F.2    Righetti, A.3    Tamburello, M.4    Grasso, G.5
  • 34
    • 0027541124 scopus 로고
    • Gain modulation response of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers
    • Feb.
    • J. Freeman and J. Conradi, "Gain modulation response of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, pp. 224-226, Feb. 1993.
    • (1993) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , vol.5 , pp. 224-226
    • Freeman, J.1    Conradi, J.2
  • 35
    • 0030312178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal tracking and performance monitoring in multi-wavelength optical networks
    • Oslo, Norway, Sept.
    • F. Heismann, M. T. Fatehi, S. K. Korotky, and J. J. Veselka, "Signal tracking and performance monitoring in multi-wavelength optical networks," in Proc. ECOC, Oslo, Norway, Sept. 1996, pp. 3.47-3.50.
    • (1996) Proc. ECOC
    • Heismann, F.1    Fatehi, M.T.2    Korotky, S.K.3    Veselka, J.J.4
  • 36
  • 37
    • 84975542107 scopus 로고
    • Gain in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers: A simple analytical solution for the rate equations
    • Aug.
    • M. Peroni and M. Tamburrini, "Gain in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers: A simple analytical solution for the rate equations," Opt. Lett., vol. 15, no. 15, pp. 842-844, Aug. 1990.
    • (1990) Opt. Lett. , vol.15 , Issue.15 , pp. 842-844
    • Peroni, M.1    Tamburrini, M.2
  • 39
    • 0030214750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with wavelength-selective optical feedback
    • Aug.
    • M. T. Fatehi and C. R. Giles, "Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with wavelength-selective optical feedback," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 1012-1014, Aug. 1996.
    • (1996) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , vol.8 , pp. 1012-1014
    • Fatehi, M.T.1    Giles, C.R.2
  • 41
    • 84889543960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of gain dynamics in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers
    • Boston, MA, Nov.
    • _, "Modeling of gain dynamics in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," in Proc. LEOS, Boston, MA, Nov. 1996.
    • (1996) Proc. LEOS
  • 43
    • 0030714237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of small signal cross-modulation in WDM optical systems with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers
    • Dallas, TX, Feb.
    • Y. Sun, A. A. M. Saleh, J. L. Zyskind, D. L. Wilson, A. K. Srivastava, and J. W. Sulhoff, "Modeling of small signal cross-modulation in WDM optical systems with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," in Proc. OFC, Dallas, TX, Feb. 1997, pp. 106-107.
    • (1997) Proc. OFC , pp. 106-107
    • Sun, Y.1    Saleh, A.A.M.2    Zyskind, J.L.3    Wilson, D.L.4    Srivastava, A.K.5    Sulhoff, J.W.6
  • 44
    • 0031176818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time dependent perturbation theory and tones in cascaded erbium-doped fiber amplifier systems
    • July
    • _, "Time dependent perturbation theory and tones in cascaded erbium-doped fiber amplifier systems," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 15, pp. 1083-1087, July 1997.
    • (1997) J. Lightwave Technol. , vol.15 , pp. 1083-1087
  • 45
    • 84889549763 scopus 로고
    • Spectral dependence of gain saturation and effect of inhomogeneous broadening in erbium-doped aluminosilicate fiber amplifiers
    • Monterey, CA, post-deadline paper PD9
    • E. Desurvire, J. W. Sulhoff, J. L. Zyskind, and J. R. Simpson, "Spectral dependence of gain saturation and effect of inhomogeneous broadening in erbium-doped aluminosilicate fiber amplifiers," in Proc. IEEE/LEOS Topical Meet. Optical Amplifiers, Monterey, CA, 1990, post-deadline paper PD9.
    • (1990) Proc. IEEE/LEOS Topical Meet. Optical Amplifiers
    • Desurvire, E.1    Sulhoff, J.W.2    Zyskind, J.L.3    Simpson, J.R.4
  • 46
    • 0030676277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorescence-based measurement of g* (λ) for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers
    • Dallas, TX, Feb.
    • R. E. Tench and M. Shimizu, "Fluorescence-based measurement of g* (λ) for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," in Proc. OFC, Dallas, TX, Feb. 1997, pp. 105-106.
    • (1997) Proc. OFC , pp. 105-106
    • Tench, R.E.1    Shimizu, M.2
  • 47
    • 84995698674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Room temperature spectral hole-burning in erbium-doped liber amplifiers
    • San Jose, CA, Feb. 25-Mar. 1
    • A. K. Srivastava, J. L. Zyskind, J. W. Sulhoff, J. D. Evankow, Jr., and M. A. Mills, "Room temperature spectral hole-burning in erbium-doped liber amplifiers," in Proc. OFC, San Jose, CA, Feb. 25-Mar. 1, 1996, pp. 33-34.
    • (1996) Proc. OFC , pp. 33-34
    • Srivastava, A.K.1    Zyskind, J.L.2    Sulhoff, J.W.3    Evankow Jr., J.D.4    Mills, M.A.5
  • 48
    • 0026137146 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of erbium-doped fibers and application to modeling 980-nm and 1480-nm pumped amplifiers
    • C. R. Giles, C. A. Burrus, D. DiGiovanni, N. K. Dutta, and G. Rayhon, "Characterization of erbium-doped fibers and application to modeling 980-nm and 1480-nm pumped amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 363-365, 1991.
    • (1991) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 363-365
    • Giles, C.R.1    Burrus, C.A.2    DiGiovanni, D.3    Dutta, N.K.4    Rayhon, G.5
  • 49
    • 0028496885 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of gain peak wavelength for Er-doped liber amplifiers and amplifier chains
    • P. F. Wysocki, J. R. Simpson, and D. Lee, "Prediction of gain peak wavelength for Er-doped liber amplifiers and amplifier chains," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 1098-1100, 1994.
    • (1994) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , vol.6 , Issue.9 , pp. 1098-1100
    • Wysocki, P.F.1    Simpson, J.R.2    Lee, D.3
  • 50
  • 51
    • 0342305468 scopus 로고
    • Theory of phonon-terminated optical masers
    • E. McCumber, "Theory of phonon-terminated optical masers," Phy. Rev., vol. 134, no. 2A, pp. A299-A306, 1964.
    • (1964) Phy. Rev. , vol.134 , Issue.2 A
    • McCumber, E.1
  • 53
    • 0030143369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the fluorescent lifetime of doped fibers by measuring the frequency transfer function
    • May
    • J. Morel, A. Woodtli, and R. Dandliker, "Characterization of the fluorescent lifetime of doped fibers by measuring the frequency transfer function," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 14, pp. 739-742, May 1996.
    • (1996) J. Lightwave Technol. , vol.14 , pp. 739-742
    • Morel, J.1    Woodtli, A.2    Dandliker, R.3
  • 54
    • 0030576239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast method for obtaining erbium-doped fiber intrinsic parameters
    • C. Mazzali, H. L. Fragnito, E. Palange, and D. C. Dini, "Fast method for obtaining erbium-doped fiber intrinsic parameters," Electron. Lett., vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 921-922, 1996.
    • (1996) Electron. Lett. , vol.32 , Issue.10 , pp. 921-922
    • Mazzali, C.1    Fragnito, H.L.2    Palange, E.3    Dini, D.C.4
  • 55
    • 0028766258 scopus 로고
    • Two-stage erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers suitable for use in long-haul soliton systems
    • Jan.
    • R. G. Smart, J. L. Zyskind, and D. J. DiGiovanni "Two-stage erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers suitable for use in long-haul soliton systems," Electron. Lett., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 50-52, Jan. 1994.
    • (1994) Electron. Lett. , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-52
    • Smart, R.G.1    Zyskind, J.L.2    DiGiovanni, D.J.3
  • 57
    • 0030392413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WDM EDFA gain characterization with a reduced set of saturating channels
    • Dec.
    • D. M. Baney and J. Stimple, "WDM EDFA gain characterization with a reduced set of saturating channels," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 1615-1617, Dec. 1996.
    • (1996) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , vol.8 , pp. 1615-1617
    • Baney, D.M.1    Stimple, J.2
  • 59
    • 84889537866 scopus 로고
    • MONET Consortium, NJ
    • MONET 2nd Quarter Rep., MONET Consortium, NJ, 1995.
    • (1995) MONET 2nd Quarter Rep.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.