Theory of polymer chains tethered at interfaces

Progress in Surface Science

Volumn 55, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 181-269

  Balazs, Anna C ^a   Singh, Chandralekha ^a   Zhulina, Ekaterina ^a   Chern, Shyh Shi ^a   Lyatskaya, Yulia ^a   Pickett, Galen ^a  

^a University of Pittsburgh   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADSORPTION; CALCULATIONS; COATED MATERIALS; COLLOIDS; FILTRATION; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; MORPHOLOGY; PLASTIC FILMS; SEPARATION; SURFACE PHENOMENA;

PATTERNED FILMS; POLYMER CHAINS; TETHERED CHAINS;

POLYMERS;

EID: 0031176299     PISSN: 00796816     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6816(97)00026-9     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. R.S. Ward, IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 6, 22 (1989).
2. G. B. Sigal, M. Mammen, G. Dahman, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 3789 (1996).
3. See, for example, the following review: A. Halperin, M. Tirrell, T. P. Lodge, Adv. Polym. Sci., 31, 100 (1991).
4. S. S. Minko, I. A. Luzinov, I. Y. Evchuk, S. A. Voronov, Polymer 37, 177 (1996).
5. K. Binder, "Phase Transitions of Polymer Blends and Block Copolymer Melts in Thin Films, Advances in Polymer Science, in press.
6. G. Pickett, A.C. Balazs, "Equilibrium Behavior of Confined Triblock Copolymer Films", Macromolecular Theory and Simulation, in press.
7. C. Singh, G. Pickett, E. B. Zhulina, A. C. Balazs, "Controlling the Interactions Between Polymer-Coated Surfaces", J. Phys. Chem., in press.
8. C. Singh, E. B. Zhulina, A. C. Balazs, "Attraction and Novel Phase Behavior Between Like-charged Polymer Layers", Macromolecules, in press.
9. S. Asher et al., Science 274, 959 (1996).
10. (a) A. E. Larsen, D. G. Grier, Nature 385, 230 (1997).
11. (b) A. E. Larsen, D. G. Grier, Phys. Rev. Letts. 76, 20 (1996).
12. T. L. Morkved, P. Wiltzius, H. M. Jaeger, D. Grier, T. Witten, Appl. Phys. Letts. 64, 422 (1994).
13. F. A. M. Leermakers, J. M. H. M. Scheutjens, G. J. Fleer, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1024 139 (1990).
14. K. Huang, A. C. Balazs, Phys. Rev. Letts. 66, 620 (1991).
15. A. C. Balazs, C. Singh, E. Zhulina, D. Gersappe, G. Pickett, Materials Research Society Bulletin 22, 16 (1997).
16. A. C. Balazs, C. Singh, E. Zhulina, D. Gersappe, G. Pickett, Prog. in Colloid and Polymer Science 103, 234 (1997).
17. G. Pickett, A. C. Balazs, Macromolecules 30, 3097 (1997).
18. Y. Lyatskaya, A. C. Balazs, "Phase Separation of Mixed Solvents Within Polymer Brushes", Macromolecules, in press.
19. G. J. Fleer, M. A. Cohen Stuart, J. M. H. M. Scheutjens, T. Cosgrove, B. Vincent, Polymers at Interfaces, Chapman and Hall, London (1993).
20. (a) J. M. H. M. Scheutjens, G. J. Fleer, J. Phys. Chem. 83, 1619 (1979).
21. (b) O. A. Evers, J. M. H. M. Scheutjens, G. J. Fleer, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 86, 1333 (1990).
22. E. Zhulina, C. Singh, A. C. Balazs, Macromolecules 29, 8254 (1996).
23. C. Singh, E. Zhulina, D. Gersappe, G. Pickett, A. C. Balazs, Macromolecules 29, 7637 (1996).
24. E. Zhulina, C. Singh, A. C. Balazs, Macromolecules 29, 6338 (1996).
25. D. H. Napper, Polymeric Stabilization of Colloidal Dispersions, Academic Press, London (1985).
26. L. I. Klushin, Preprint (1992).
27. P. Lai and K. Binder, J. Chem. Phys. 97, 586 (1992).
28. C. Yeung, A. C. Balazs and D. Jasnow, Macromolecules 26, 1914 (1993).
29. K. Huang and A. C. Balazs, Macromolecules 26, 4736 (1993).
30. D. R. M. Williams, J.Phys. II 3, 1313 (1993).
31. G. S. Grest and M. Murat, Macromolecules 26, 3108 (1993).
32. E. B. Zhulina, T. M. Birshtein, V. A. Priamitsyn and L. I. Klushin, Macromolecules 28, 8612 (1995).
33. K. G. Soga, H. Guo and M. J. Zuckermann, Europhys. Letts. 29, 531 (1995).
34. D. F. Siqueira, K. Kohler and M. Stamm, Langmuir 11, 3092 (1995).
35. W. Zhao, G. Krausch, M. Rafailovich and J. Sokolov, Macromolecules 27 (1994) p.2933
36. S. J. O'Shea, M. E. Welland and T. Rayment, Langmuir 9, 1826 (1993).
37. A. Stamouli, E. Pelletier, V. Koutsos, E. van der Vegte, G. Hadziioannou, Langmuir 12, 3221(1996).
38. E. Uchida, Y. Ikada Macromolecules 30, 5464 (1997).
39. I. A. Aksay et al., Science 273, 892 (1996).
40. E. Zhulina, A. C. Balazs, Macromolecules 29, 2667 (1996).
41. (a) M. Daoud, J. P. Cotton, J. Physique 43, 531 (1982).
42. (b) T. M. Birshtein, E. B. Zhulina, Polymer Science USSR 27, 570 (1985); T. M. Birshtein, E. B. Zhulina, Polymer 30, 170 (1989).
43. (b) T. M. Birshtein, E. B. Zhulina, Polymer Science USSR 27, 570 (1985); T. M. Birshtein, E. B. Zhulina, Polymer 30, 170 (1989).
44. (c) A. Halperin, Macromolecules 20, 2943 (1987).
45. P. Auroy, L. Auvray, Macromolecules 25, 4134 (1992).
46. J. F. Marko, Macromolecules 26, 313 (1993).
47. P.-Y. Lai, A. Halperin, Macromolecules 25, 6693 (1992).
48. T. M. Birshtein, Y. V. Lyatskaya, Macromolecules 27, 1256 (1994).
49. P. G. de Gennes, C. R. Acad.Sci., Paris, Series II b 322, 819 (1996).
50. R. Israels, F. A. M. Leermakers, G. J. Fleer, Macromolecules 27, 3087 (1994).
51. E. B. Zhulina, T. M. Birshtein, O. V. Borisov, Macromolecules 28, 1491 (1995).
52. Y. V. Lyatskaya, F. A. M. Leermakers, G. J. Fleer, E. B. Zhulina, T. M. Birshtein, Macromolecules 28, 3562 (1995).
53. Y. V. Lyatskaya, unpublished results.
54. (a) C. Singh, G. Pickett, A. C. Balazs, Macromolecules, 29, 7559 (1996).
55. (b) G. Pickett, A. C. Balazs, Macromol. Symp., 121, 269 (1997).
56. C. Singh, A. C. Balazs, Macromolecules 29, 8904 (1996).
57. C. Singh, A. C. Balazs, J. Chem. Phys. 105, 706 (1996).
58. E. B. Zhulina, C. Singh, A.C. Balazs, "The Behavior of Tethered Polyelectrolytes in Poor Solvents", J. Chem. Phys., in press.
59. P. J. Flory, Principles of Polymer Chemistry, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY (1953).
60. S. Alexander, P. N. Chaikin, P. Grant, G. J. Morales, P. A. Pincus, D. J. Hone, J. Chem. Phys. 80, 5776 (1084).
61. P. A. Pincus, Macromolecules 24, 2919 (1991).
62. O. V. Borisov, T. M. Birshtein, E. B. Zhulina, J. Phys. II 1, 521 (1991).
63. R. Ross and P. Pincus, Macromolecules 25, 2177 (1992)
64. A. Dobrynin, M. Rubinstein, S. Obukhov, Macromolecules 29, 2974 (1996).
65. That is, we assume that the Bjerrum length is equal to the lattice spacing.
66. For solvophobic and solvophilic chains grafted at high densities see: C. Chen, N. Dan, S. Dhoot, M. Tirrell, J. Mays, W. Watanabe, Israel Journal of Chemistry 35, 41 (1995).
67. S. S. Chern, G. Pickett, E. B. Zhulina, A. C. Balazs, to be submitted, Macromolecules
68. T. M. Birshtein, E. B. Zhulina, Polymer 25, 1453 (1984).
69. S. J. Alexander, J. Physique 38, 983 (1977).
70. T. M. Birshtein, E. B. Zhulina, Polymer Science USSR 25, 2165 (1983).
71. P. G. de Gennes, Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics, Cornell Univ.Press, Ithaca, NY (1979).
72. E. B. Zhulina, unpublished results.
73. T. L. Morkved, M. Lu, A. M. Urbas, E. E. Ehrichs, H. M. Jaeger, P. Mansky, T. P. Russell, Science 273, 931 (1996)
74. R. Singhvi, A. Kumar, G. P. Lopez, G. N. Stephanopoulos, D. I. C. Wang, G. M. Whitesides, D. E. Ingber, Science 264, 696 (1994).
75. (a) A. C. Balazs, M. Gempe, Z. Zhou, Macromolecules 24, 4918 (1991).
76. (b) A. C. Balazs, K. Huang, P. McElwain, J. E. Brady, Macromolecules 24, 714 (1991).
77. A. C. Balazs, M. Gempe, C. W. Lantman, Macromolecules 24, 168 (1991).
78. R. Zajac, A. Chakrabarti, J. Phys. Chem. in press and references therein.
79. A. Halperin, J. U. Sommer, M. Daoud, Europhys. Letts. 29, 297 (1995).
80. M. J. Fasolka, D. J. Harris, A. M. Mayes, M. Yoon, S. G. J. Mochrie, Phys. Rev. Letts. in press.
81. Y. Lyatskaya, D. Gersappe, A. C. Balazs, Macromolecules 28, 6278 (1995).
82. M. W. Matsen, M. Schick, Phys. Rev. Letts.72, 2660 (1994).
83. P. D. Olmstead, S. T. Milner Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 936 (1994).
84. K. A. Koppi, et al. J. Phys. (Paris) 2, 1941 (1993).
85. P.-G. de Gennes, J. Phys. (Paris) 37, 1443 (1976).
86. P.-G. de Gennes, Macromolecules 13, 1069 (1980).
87. P. Auroy, L. Auvray, L. Leger, Phys. Rev. Letts. 66, 719 (1991).
88. G. J. Kellog, D. G. Walton, A. M. Mayes, P. Lambooy, T. P. Russell, P. D. Gallagher, S. K. Satija, Phys. Rev. Letts. 76, 2503 (1996)
89. G. Brown, A. Chakrabarti, J. Chem. Phys. 102, 1440 (1995).
90. P. Lambooy, T. P. Russell, G. J. Kellog, A. M. Mayes, P. D. Gallagher, S. K. Satija, Phys. Rev. Letts. 72, 2899 (1994).
91. N. Koneripalli, N. Singh, R. Levicky, F. S. Bates, P. D. Gallagher, S. K. Satija, Macromolecules 28, 2897 (1995).
92. G. T. Pickett, T. A. Witten, S. R. Nagel, Macromolecules 26, 3194 (1993).
93. M. S. Turner, Phys. Rev. Letts. 69, 1788 (1992).
94. D. G. Walton, G. J. Kellog, A. M. Mayes, P. Lambooy, T. P. Russell, Macromolecules, 27, 6225 (1994).
95. M. S. Turner, A. Johner, J.-F Joanny, J. Phys. France I 5, 917 (1995).
96. S. K. Kumar, M. Vacatello, D. Y. Yoon, Macromolecules 23, 2189 (1990).
97. D. N. Theodorou, Macromolecules 21, 1400 (1988).
98. P.-G. de Gennes, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 314, 131 (1992).
99. (a) S. T. Milner, T.A. Witten, M. E. Cates, Macromolecules 21, 2610 1988.
100. (b) S. T. Milner, T.A. Witten, M. E. Cates, Europhys. Letts. 5, 413 (1988).
101. G. Coulon, D. Ausserre, T. P. Russell, J. Phys. (Paris) 51, 777 (1990).
102. To induce the parallel morphology to appear, we force the self-consistent potential U to be translationally invariant in the x-direction. Then, the converged solution also displays this invariance, so there is a composition modulation only in the z direction.
103. To determine the properties of the bulk lamellar phase, we replace the confining substrates with periodic boundaries.
104. To induce the perpendicular morphology of the lamellae, we implement periodic boundary conditions in both the x and z directions, and choose the self-consistent potential to be invariant in the z direction. Once we have a converged solution in these circumstances, we relax the constraint on U, thus allowing variations in the z direction. Also, we impose hard wall boundary conditions at z = 0 and z = L+1. We then recalculate the self-consistent potential U, thus arriving at a state in which the lamellae are perpendicular to the substrates.
105. M. W. Matsen, J. Chem. Phys., in press.
106. H. Dong, J. Phys. II France 3, 999 (1993).
107. Y. Lyatskaya, D. Gersappe, A.C. Balazs, Macromolecules 28, 6278 (1995).