Diffraction and holography with photoelectrons and fluorescent X-rays

Progress in Surface Science

Volumn 54, Issue 3-4, 1997, Pages 341-386

  Fadley, C S ^a,b   Chen, Y ^b   Couch, R E ^a   Daimon, H ^e   Denecke, R ^a,b   Denlinger, J D ^f   Galloway, H ^b,c   Hussaint, Z ^b   Kaduwela, A P ^a,b   Kim, Y J ^a,d   Len, P M ^a,b   Liesegang, J ⁱ   Menchero, J ^b,c   Morais, J ^a   Palomares, J ^a,b   Ruebush, S D ^a,b   Rotenberg, E ^g   Salmeron, M B ^b   Scalettar, R ^h   Schattke, W ^a   Singh, R ^a   Thevuthasan, S ^a   Tober, E D ^a,b   Van Hove, M A ^b   Wang, Z ^a,b   Ynzunza, R X ^a,b   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^e OSAKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^f UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

ⁱ LA TROBE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMS; CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE; HOLOGRAPHY; LOW ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; PHASE TRANSITIONS; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; X RAYS;

PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION; PHOTOELECTRON HOLOGRAPHY; SHORT RANGE MAGNETIC ORDER; X RAY FLUORESCENCE HOLOGRAPHY;

SURFACE STRUCTURE;

EID: 0031096447     PISSN: 00796816     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6816(97)00013-0     Document Type: Article

References (170)

1. (a) K. Siegbahn, U. Gelius, H. Siegbahn and E. Olsen, Phys. Lett. 32A, 221 (1970);
2. (b) C.S. Fadley and S.A.L. Bergstrom, Phys. Lett. 35A, 375 (1971);
3. (c) A. Liebsch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 1203 (1974); and Phys. Rev. B13, 544 (1976);
4. (c) A. Liebsch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 1203 (1974); and Phys. Rev. B13, 544 (1976);
5. (d) S. Kono, C.S. Fadley, N.F.T. Hall and Z. Hussain, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 117 (1978);
6. (e) D.P. Woodruff, D. Norman, B.W. Holland, N.V. Smith, H.H. Farrell, and M.M. Traum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1130 (1978);
7. (f) S.D. Kevan, D.H. Rosenblatt, D. Denley, B.-C. Lu, and D.A. Shirley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1565 (1978);
8. (g) S. Kono, S.M. Goldberg, N.F.T. Hall, and C. S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1831 (1978)
9. (a) C.S. Fadley, Phys. Scripta T17, 39 (1987);
10. (b) C.S. Fadley in Synchrotron Radiation Research: Advances in Surface Science, R.Z. Bachrach (Ed.), (Plenum Press, New York, 1993);
11. (c) C.S. Fadley, Surf. Sci. Repts. 19, 231 (1993);
12. (d) C.S. Fadley et al., J. Electron Spectrosc. 68, 19 (1994);
13. (e) C.S. Fadley, in The Structure of Surfaces IV, X. Xide, S.Y. Tong, and M.A. Van Hove (Eds.), (World Scientific, 1994);
14. (f) C.S. Fadley, M.A. Van Hove, Z. Hussain, and A.P. Kaduwela, J. Electron Spectrosc. 75, 273 (1995).
15. (a) S.A. Chambers, Adv. in Phys. 40, 357 (1990); S.A. Chambers, Surf. Sci. Rep. 16, 261 (1992);
16. (a) S.A. Chambers, Adv. in Phys. 40, 357 (1990); S.A. Chambers, Surf. Sci. Rep. 16, 261 (1992);
17. (b) W.F. Egelhoff, Jr. in Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, 16, 213 (1990).
18. (a) L. J. Terminello, X.S. Zhang, Z.Q. Huang, S. Kim, A.E. Schach von Wittenau, K.T. Leung, and D.A. Shirley, Phys. Rev. B 38, 3879 (1988);
19. (b) L.-Q. Wang, Z. Hussain, Z.Q. Huang, A.E. Schach von Wittenau, D.A. Shirley, and D.W. Lindle, Phys. Rev. B 44, 13771 (1991);
20. (c) D.A. Shirley et al., J. Electron Spectrosc. 68, 49 (1994).
21. H.P. Bonzel, Prog. in Surf. Sci. 42, 219 (1993) and references therein.
22. (a) A.M. Bradshaw and D.P. Woodruff, in Applications of Synchrotron Radiation: High-Resolution Studies of Molecules and Molecular Adsorbates on Surfaces, W. Eberhardt (Ed.), (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993);
23. (b) O. Schaff, G. Hess, V. Fernandez, K.-M. Schindler, A. Theobald, Ph. Hofmann, A.M. Bradshaw, V. Fritzsche, R. Davis. and D.P. Woodruff, J. Electron Spectrosc. 75, 117 (1995).
24. J. Osterwalder, P. Aebi, R. Fasel, D. Naumovic, P. Schwaller, T. Treutz, L. Schlapbach, T. Abukawa, and S. Kono, Surf. Sci. 331-333, 1002 (1995)
25. (a) D. Sebilleau, M.C. Desjonqueres, D. Chaveau, C. Guillot, J. Lecante, G. Treglia, and D. Spanjaard, Surf. Sci. Lett. 185, L527, (1987);
26. (b) A. Nilsson, H. Tillborg, and N. Mårtensson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 1015 (1991);
27. (c) K.U. Weiss et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3196 (1992);
28. (d) J.D. Denlinger, E. Rotenberg, U. Hessinger, M. Leskovar, and M.A. Olmstead, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 2057 (1993), and E. Rotenberg, J.D. Denlinger, U. Hessinger, M. Leskovar, and M.A. Olmstead, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B11, 1444 (1993).
29. (d) J.D. Denlinger, E. Rotenberg, U. Hessinger, M. Leskovar, and M.A. Olmstead, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 2057 (1993), and E. Rotenberg, J.D. Denlinger, U. Hessinger, M. Leskovar, and M.A. Olmstead, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B11, 1444 (1993).
30. (a) B. Sinkovic and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B31, 4665 (1985);
31. (b) B. Sinkovic, B.D. Hermsmeier, and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1227 (1985);
32. (c) B.D. Hermsmeier, J. Osterwalder, D.J. Friedman, and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 478 (1989);
33. (d) B.D. Hermsmeier, J. Ostenvalder, D.J. Friedman, B. Sinkovic, T.T. Tran, and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B42, 11895 (1990);
34. (e) B. Sinkovic, D.J. Friedman, and C.S. Fadley, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 92, 301 (1991).
35. (a) C.H. Li and S.Y. Tong, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 901 (1979);
36. (b) J.J. Barton and D.A. Shirley, Phys. Rev. B32, 1892 (1985); and Phys. Rev. B32, 1906 (1985);
37. (b) J.J. Barton and D.A. Shirley, Phys. Rev. B32, 1892 (1985); and Phys. Rev. B32, 1906 (1985);
38. (c) A.P. Kaduwela, G.S. Herman, D.J. Friedman and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Scripta 41, 948 (1990), as based on a method described in (d);
39. (d) J.J. Rehr and R.C. Albers, Phys. Rev. B41, 81139 (1990);
40. (e) A.P. Kaduwela, D.J. Friedman, and C.S. Fadley, J. Electron Spectrosc. 57, 223 (1991);
41. (f) D.K. Saldin, G.R. Harp, and X. Chen, Phys. Rev. B48, 8234 (1993);
42. (g) Y. Chen, H. Wu, and D.A. Shirley, private communication.
43. (a) P.J. Orders and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B27, 781 (1983);
44. (b) M. Sagurton, E.L. Bullock, and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B30, 7332 (1984) and
45. (c) Surf. Sci. 182, 287 (1987);
46. (d) V. Fritzsche and D.P. Woodruff, Phys. Rev. B46, 16128 (1992); and
47. (e) P. Hofmann and K.M. Schindler, Phys. Rev. B47, 13942 (1993).
48. (a) A. Szöke, in Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications, D.T. Attwood and J. Bokor (Eds.), AIP Conference Proceedings No. 147 (AIP, New York, 1986);
49. (b) J.J. Barton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 1356 (1988);
50. (c) J.J. Barton, J. Electron Spectrosc. 51, 37 (1990);
51. (d) J.J. Barton, and L.J. Terminello, paper presented at the Third International Conference on the Structure of Surfaces, Milwaukee, July 1990, and in Structure of Surfaces III, S. Y. Tong, M. A. Van Hove, X. Xide, and K. Takanayagi, eds., (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1991) p. 107, and J.J. Barton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3106 (1991).
52. (d) J.J. Barton, and L.J. Terminello, paper presented at the Third International Conference on the Structure of Surfaces, Milwaukee, July 1990, and in Structure of Surfaces III, S. Y. Tong, M. A. Van Hove, X. Xide, and K. Takanayagi, eds., (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1991) p. 107, and J.J. Barton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3106 (1991).
53. (d) J.J. Barton, and L.J. Terminello, paper presented at the Third International Conference on the Structure of Surfaces, Milwaukee, July 1990, and in Structure of Surfaces III, S. Y. Tong, M. A. Van Hove, X. Xide, and K. Takanayagi, eds., (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1991) p. 107, and J.J. Barton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3106 (1991).
54. (a) G.R. Harp, D.K. Saldin, and B.P. Tonner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1012 (1990);
55. (b) G.R. Harp, D.K. Saldin, and B.P. Tonner, Phys. Rev. B42, 9199 (1990);
56. (c) B.P. Tonner, Z.-L. Han, G.R. Harp, and D.K. Saldin, Phys. Rev. B43, 14423 (1991);
57. (d) G.R. Harp, D.K. Saldin, X. Chen, Z.L. Han, and B.P. Tonner, J. Electron Spectrosc. 57, 331 (1991);
58. (e) D.K. Saldin, G.R. Harp, B.L. Chen and B.P. Tonner, Phys. Rev. B44, 2480 (1992);
59. (f) D.K. Saldin, G.R. Harp, and B.P. Tonner, Phys. Rev. B45, 9629 (1992)
60. (a) S.Y. Tong, C.M. Wei, T.C. Zhao, H. Huang, and H. Li, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 60 (1991);
61. (b) S.Y. Tong, H. Li, and H. Huang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3102 (1992);
62. (c) S.Y. Tong, H. Huang, and C.M. Wei, Phys. Rev. B46, 2452 (1992);
63. (d) J.G. Tobin, G.D. Waddill, H. Li, and S.Y. Tong, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 4150 (1993).
64. (a) S. Thevuthasan, G.S. Herman, A.P. Kaduwela, R.S. Saiki, Y.J. Kim, W. Niemczura, M. Burger and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 469 (1991);
65. (b) G.S. Herman, S. Thevuthasan, T.T. Tran, Y.J. Kim, and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 650 (1992);
66. (c) S. Thevuthasan, G.S. Herman, A.P. Kaduwela, T.T. Tran, Y.J. Kim, R.S. Saiki, and C.S. Fadley, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A10, 2261 (1992);
67. (d) S. Thevuthasan, R.X. Ynzunza, E.D. Tober, C.S. Fadley, A.P. Kaduwela, and M.A. van Hove, Phy. Rev. Lett. 70, 595 (1993);
68. (e) P.M. Len, F. Zhang, S. Thevuthasan, A.P. Kaduwela, M.A. van Hove, and C.S. Fadley, J. Electron Spectrosc. 76, 351 (1995);
69. (f) P.M Len, S. Thevuthasan, A.P. Kaduwela, M.A. van Hove, and C.S. Fadley, Surf. Sci. 365, 535 (1996); P.M. Len, S. Thevuthasan, A.P. Kaduwela, and C.S. Fadley, J. Electron Spectrosc., to appear.
70. (f) P.M Len, S. Thevuthasan, A.P. Kaduwela, M.A. van Hove, and C.S. Fadley, Surf. Sci. 365, 535 (1996); P.M. Len, S. Thevuthasan, A.P. Kaduwela, and C.S. Fadley, J. Electron Spectrosc., to appear.
71. (a) L.J. Terminello, J.J. Barton, and D.A. Lapiano-Smith, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B10, 2088 (1992) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 599 (1993);
72. (a) L.J. Terminello, J.J. Barton, and D.A. Lapiano-Smith, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B10, 2088 (1992) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 599 (1993);
73. (b) B.L. Petersen, L.J. Terminello, and D.A. Shirley, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 307, 285 (1993);
74. (c) B.L. Petersen, L.J. Terminello, J.J. Barton, and D.A. Shirley, Chem. Phys. Lett. 220, 46 (1994);
75. (d) B.L. Petersen, Ph.D. Thesis, University of California-Berkeley, 1995;
76. (e) L.J. Terminello, B.L. Petersen, and J.J. Barton, J. Electron Spectrosc. 75, 299 (1995).
77. Y. Zhou, X. Chen, J.C. Campuzano, G. Jennings, H. Ding, and D.K. Saldin, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 307, 279 (1993).
78. (a) H. Wu, G.J. Lapeyre, H. Huang, and S.Y. Tong, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 251 (1993);
79. (b) H. Wu and G.J. Lapeyre, Phys. Rev. B51, 14549 (1995);
80. (c) S.Y. Tong, H. Li, and H. Huang, Phys. Rev. B51, 1850 (1995)
81. M. Zharnikov, M. Weinelt, P. Zebisch, M. Stichler, H.-P. Steinrück, Surf. Sci. 334, 114-134 (1995), and references therein.
82. M.T. Sieger, J.M. Roesler, D.-S. Lin, T. Miller, and T.-C. Chiang, Phys. Rev Lett. 73, 311 (1994).
83. R. Denecke, R. Eckstein, L. Ley, A.E. Bocquet, J.D. Riley, and R.C.G. Leckey Surface Science 331-333, 1085 (1995).
84. B.P. Tonner, D. Duhham, T. Droubay. J. Kikuma, J. Denlinger, and E. Rotenberg J Electron Spectrosc. 75, 309 (1995).
85. (a) M.Tegze and G. Faigel, Europhys. Lett. 16, 41 (1991);
86. (b) C.S. Fadley. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 307, 261 (1993);
87. (c) P.M. Len S. Thevuthasan, C.S. Fadley, A.P. Kaduwela, and M.A. Van Hove, Phys. Rev. B, Rap. Comm. 50, 11275 (1994).
88. (a) M. Tegze and G. Faigel, Nature 380, 49 (1996);
89. (b) C.S. Fadley and P.M. Len, Nature 380, 27 (1996) and unpublished results;
90. (c) T. Gog, P.M. Len, G. Materlik, G. Bahr, C. Sanchez-Hanke, and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. Letters 76, 3132 (1996);
91. (d) T. Gog, R.-H. Menk, F. Arfelli, P.M. Len, C.S. Fadley, and G. Materlik, Synchrotron Radiation News 9, 30 (1996);
92. (e) P.M. Len, T. Gog, C.S. Fadley, and G. Materlik, Phys. Rev. B 55, February, 1997;
93. (f) P.M. Len, C.S. Fadley, and G. Materlik, Proceedings of the X-96 Conference, Hamburg, September, 1996, AIP Proceedings, to appear., 1997.
94. (a) R.J. Baird, C.S. Fadley, and L.F. Wagner, Phys. Rev. B15, 666 (1977);
95. (b) J. Osterwalder, T. Greber, S. Hüfner, and L. Schlapbach, Phys. Rev. B41, 12495 (1990); S. Hüfner, J. Osterwalder, T. Greber, and L. Schlapbach, Phys. Rev. B42, 7350 (1990); G.S. Herman and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B43, 6792 (1991); T. Greber, J. Osterwalder, S. Hüfner, and L. Schlapbach, Phys. Rev. B44, 8958 (1991);
96. (b) J. Osterwalder, T. Greber, S. Hüfner, and L. Schlapbach, Phys. Rev. B41, 12495 (1990); S. Hüfner, J. Osterwalder, T. Greber, and L. Schlapbach, Phys. Rev. B42, 7350 (1990); G.S. Herman and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B43, 6792 (1991); T. Greber, J. Osterwalder, S. Hüfner, and L. Schlapbach, Phys. Rev. B44, 8958 (1991);
97. (b) J. Osterwalder, T. Greber, S. Hüfner, and L. Schlapbach, Phys. Rev. B41, 12495 (1990); S. Hüfner, J. Osterwalder, T. Greber, and L. Schlapbach, Phys. Rev. B42, 7350 (1990); G.S. Herman and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B43, 6792 (1991); T. Greber, J. Osterwalder, S. Hüfner, and L. Schlapbach, Phys. Rev. B44, 8958 (1991);
98. (b) J. Osterwalder, T. Greber, S. Hüfner, and L. Schlapbach, Phys. Rev. B41, 12495 (1990); S. Hüfner, J. Osterwalder, T. Greber, and L. Schlapbach, Phys. Rev. B42, 7350 (1990); G.S. Herman and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B43, 6792 (1991); T. Greber, J. Osterwalder, S. Hüfner, and L. Schlapbach, Phys. Rev. B44, 8958 (1991);
99. (c) R. Fasel, P. Aebi, R.G. Agostino, D. Naumovic, J. Osterwalder, A. Santaniello, and L. Schlapbach, Phys. Rev. Letters 76, 4733 (1996).
100. (a) H.C. Galloway, J.J. Benitez, and M. Salmeron, Surf. Sci. 198, 127 (1993) and J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A12, 2302 (1994);
101. (a) H.C. Galloway, J.J. Benitez, and M. Salmeron, Surf. Sci. 198, 127 (1993) and J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A12, 2302 (1994);
102. (b) ; Y.J. Kim, Ph. D. thesis, University of Hawaii-Manoa, 1995; Y.J. Kim, C. Westphal, R.X. Ynzunza, Z. Wang, H.C. Galloway, M. Salmeron, M.A. Van Hove, and C.S. Fadley, to be published;
103. (b) ; Y.J. Kim, Ph. D. thesis, University of Hawaii-Manoa, 1995; Y.J. Kim, C. Westphal, R.X. Ynzunza, Z. Wang, H.C. Galloway, M. Salmeron, M.A. Van Hove, and C.S. Fadley, to be published;
104. (c) R. Saiki, A. P. Kaduwela, J. Osterwalder, D.J. Friedman, C. S. Fadley, and C. R. Brundle, Surf. Sci. 282, 33 (1993).
105. (a) C. Günther, J. Vrijmoeth, R.Q. Hwang, and R.J. Behm, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 754 (1995);
106. (b) J.C. Hamilton and S.M. Foiles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 882 (1995);
107. (c) S.D. Ruebush, R.E. Couch, S. Thevuthasan, Z. Wang, and C.S. Fadley, Surf Sci. Lett., to appear.
108. (a) D.M. Riffe, G.K. Wertheim, and P.H. Citrin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1976 (1989);
109. (b) D. Spanjaard, C. Guillot, M.-C. Desjonquères, G. Treglia, and J. Lecante, Surf. Sci. Repts. 5, 1 (1985); B. Kim, J. Chen, J.L. Erskine, W.N. Mei, and C.M. Wei, Phys. Rev. B48, 4735 (1993).
110. (b) D. Spanjaard, C. Guillot, M.-C. Desjonquères, G. Treglia, and J. Lecante, Surf. Sci. Repts. 5, 1 (1985); B. Kim, J. Chen, J.L. Erskine, W.N. Mei, and C.M. Wei, Phys. Rev. B48, 4735 (1993).
111. R.X. Ynzunza, F.J. Palomares, E.D. Tober, Z. Wang, H. Daimon, Y. Chen, Z. Hussain, J. Liesegang, M.A. VanHove, and C.S. Fadley. to be published.
112. E. D. Tober, R. X. Ynzunza, F. J. Palomares, Z. Wang, Z. Hussain, M. A. Van Hove, and C. S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. Lett, to appear.
113. N.D. Shinn, B. Kim, A.B. Andrews, J.L. Erskine, K.J. Kim, and T.-H. Kang, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 307, 167 (1993).
114. E.D. Tober, R.X. Ynzunza, C. Westphal, and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B53, 5444 (1996).
115. (a) G. Schönhense, Physica Scripta T31, 255 (1990);
116. (b) J. Bansmann, Ch. Ostertag, G. Schönhense, F. Fegel, C. Westphal, M. Getzlaff, F. Schafers, and H. Petersen, Phys. Rev. B46, 13496 (1992);
117. (c) G. Schönhense and J. Hormes, in VUV and Soft X-Ray Photoionization, U. Becker and D. A. Shirley (Eds.), (Plenum Press, New York, 1996).
118. (a) V. McKoy and J.A. Stephens, private communication;
119. (b) C. Westphal, A.P. Kaduwela, M.A. Van Hove, and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B50, 6203 (1994).
120. H. Daimon, T. Nakatani, S. Imada, S. Suga, Y. Kagoshima, and T. Miyahara, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32, L1480 (1993); and H. Daimon, private communication.
121. A.P. Kaduwela, H. Xiao, S. Thevuthasan, M.A. Van Hove, and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B 52, 14297 (1995).
122. H. Daimon, R.X. Ynzunza, F.J. Palomares, E.D. Tober, Z. Wang, Z. Hussain, M.A. Van Hove, and C.S. Fadley, to be published.
123. K.E. Johnson, R.J. Wilson, and S. Chiang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1055 (1993) and refs. therein.
124. (a) L. Baumgarten, C.M. Schneider, H. Petersen, F. Schafers, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 492 (1990);
125. (b) H. Ebert, L. Baumgarten, C.M. Schneider, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. B44, 4406 (1991);
126. (c) G.D. Waddill, J. Tobin, and D.R. Pappas, Phys. Rev. B46, 552 (1992).
127. (a) Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, H.B. Rose, and E. Kisker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3479 (1993); F. Sirotti and G. Rossi, Phys. Rev. B49, 15682 (1994);
128. (a) Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, H.B. Rose, and E. Kisker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3479 (1993); F. Sirotti and G. Rossi, Phys. Rev. B49, 15682 (1994);
129. (b) M. Getzlaff, Ch. Ostertag, G. H. Fecher, N.A. Cherepkov, and G. Schönhense, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3030 (1994); N.A. Cherepkov, Phys. Rev. B50, 13813 (1994); A. Fanelsa, R. Schellenberg, F.U. Hillebrecht, E. Kisker, J.G. Menchero, A.P. Kaduwela, C.S. Fadley, and M.A. Van Hove, Phys. Rev. B54, 17962 (1996).
130. (b) M. Getzlaff, Ch. Ostertag, G. H. Fecher, N.A. Cherepkov, and G. Schönhense, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3030 (1994); N.A. Cherepkov, Phys. Rev. B50, 13813 (1994); A. Fanelsa, R. Schellenberg, F.U. Hillebrecht, E. Kisker, J.G. Menchero, A.P. Kaduwela, C.S. Fadley, and M.A. Van Hove, Phys. Rev. B54, 17962 (1996).
131. (b) M. Getzlaff, Ch. Ostertag, G. H. Fecher, N.A. Cherepkov, and G. Schönhense, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3030 (1994); N.A. Cherepkov, Phys. Rev. B50, 13813 (1994); A. Fanelsa, R. Schellenberg, F.U. Hillebrecht, E. Kisker, J.G. Menchero, A.P. Kaduwela, C.S. Fadley, and M.A. Van Hove, Phys. Rev. B54, 17962 (1996).
132. J. Morais, R. Denecke, R. X. Ynzunza, J.G. Menchero, J. Liesegang, J. Kortright, Z. Hussain, and C.S. Fadley, to be published.
133. G. van der Laan, E. Arenholz, E. Navas, A. Bauer, and G. Kaindl, Phys. Rev. B53, R5998 (1996).
134. F.U. Hillebrecht, R. Jungblut, and E. Kisker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2450 (1990); R. Jungblut, Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, and E. Kisker, J. Appl. Phys. 70, 5923 (1991); R. Jungblut, Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, and E. Kisker, Surf. Sci. 269/270, 615 (1992); T. Kachel, C. Carbone, and W. Gudat, Phys. Rev. B47, 15391 (1993); D.G. van Campen, R.J. Pouliot and L.E. Klebanoff, Phys. Rev. B48, 17533 (1993); P.D. Johnson, Y. Liu, Z. Xu, and D.J. Huang, J. Electron Spectrosc. 75, 245 (1995).
135. F.U. Hillebrecht, R. Jungblut, and E. Kisker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2450 (1990); R. Jungblut, Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, and E. Kisker, J. Appl. Phys. 70, 5923 (1991); R. Jungblut, Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, and E. Kisker, Surf. Sci. 269/270, 615 (1992); T. Kachel, C. Carbone, and W. Gudat, Phys. Rev. B47, 15391 (1993); D.G. van Campen, R.J. Pouliot and L.E. Klebanoff, Phys. Rev. B48, 17533 (1993); P.D. Johnson, Y. Liu, Z. Xu, and D.J. Huang, J. Electron Spectrosc. 75, 245 (1995).
136. F.U. Hillebrecht, R. Jungblut, and E. Kisker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2450 (1990); R. Jungblut, Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, and E. Kisker, J. Appl. Phys. 70, 5923 (1991); R. Jungblut, Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, and E. Kisker, Surf. Sci. 269/270, 615 (1992); T. Kachel, C. Carbone, and W. Gudat, Phys. Rev. B47, 15391 (1993); D.G. van Campen, R.J. Pouliot and L.E. Klebanoff, Phys. Rev. B48, 17533 (1993); P.D. Johnson, Y. Liu, Z. Xu, and D.J. Huang, J. Electron Spectrosc. 75, 245 (1995).
137. F.U. Hillebrecht, R. Jungblut, and E. Kisker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2450 (1990); R. Jungblut, Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, and E. Kisker, J. Appl. Phys. 70, 5923 (1991); R. Jungblut, Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, and E. Kisker, Surf. Sci. 269/270, 615 (1992); T. Kachel, C. Carbone, and W. Gudat, Phys. Rev. B47, 15391 (1993); D.G. van Campen, R.J. Pouliot and L.E. Klebanoff, Phys. Rev. B48, 17533 (1993); P.D. Johnson, Y. Liu, Z. Xu, and D.J. Huang, J. Electron Spectrosc. 75, 245 (1995).
138. F.U. Hillebrecht, R. Jungblut, and E. Kisker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2450 (1990); R. Jungblut, Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, and E. Kisker, J. Appl. Phys. 70, 5923 (1991); R. Jungblut, Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, and E. Kisker, Surf. Sci. 269/270, 615 (1992); T. Kachel, C. Carbone, and W. Gudat, Phys. Rev. B47, 15391 (1993); D.G. van Campen, R.J. Pouliot and L.E. Klebanoff, Phys. Rev. B48, 17533 (1993); P.D. Johnson, Y. Liu, Z. Xu, and D.J. Huang, J. Electron Spectrosc. 75, 245 (1995).
139. F.U. Hillebrecht, R. Jungblut, and E. Kisker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2450 (1990); R. Jungblut, Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, and E. Kisker, J. Appl. Phys. 70, 5923 (1991); R. Jungblut, Ch. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, and E. Kisker, Surf. Sci. 269/270, 615 (1992); T. Kachel, C. Carbone, and W. Gudat, Phys. Rev. B47, 15391 (1993); D.G. van Campen, R.J. Pouliot and L.E. Klebanoff, Phys. Rev. B48, 17533 (1993); P.D. Johnson, Y. Liu, Z. Xu, and D.J. Huang, J. Electron Spectrosc. 75, 245 (1995).
140. F. Zhang, S. Thevuthasan, R.T. Scalettar, R.R.P. Singh, and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B51, 12468 (1995).
141. E.D. Tober, F. J. Palomares, R.X. Ynzunza, Z. Wang, Z. Hussain, and C.S. Fadley, to be published.
142. D. Weller, S. F. Alvarado, W. Gudat, K. Scröder, and M. Campagna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1555 (1985); B. Kim, A. B. Andrews, J. L. Erskine, K. J. Kim, and B. N. Harmon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1931 (1992); H. Tang, D. Weller, T. G. Walker, J. C. Scott, C. Chapert et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 444 (1993); C. Rau and M. Robert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2714 (1987); C. Rau, J. Mag. and Mag. Mat. 31-34, 874 (1983); C. Rau and S. Eichner, Phys. Rev. B34, 6347 (1986) & in Nuclear Methods in Materials Research, K. Bethge, H. Burman, H. Jex, and F. Rauch (Eds.), (Viewig, Braunschweig, 1980), p. 354.
143. D. Weller, S. F. Alvarado, W. Gudat, K. Scröder, and M. Campagna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1555 (1985); B. Kim, A. B. Andrews, J. L. Erskine, K. J. Kim, and B. N. Harmon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1931 (1992); H. Tang, D. Weller, T. G. Walker, J. C. Scott, C. Chapert et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 444 (1993); C. Rau and M. Robert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2714 (1987); C. Rau, J. Mag. and Mag. Mat. 31-34, 874 (1983); C. Rau and S. Eichner, Phys. Rev. B34, 6347 (1986) & in Nuclear Methods in Materials Research, K. Bethge, H. Burman, H. Jex, and F. Rauch (Eds.), (Viewig, Braunschweig, 1980), p. 354.
144. D. Weller, S. F. Alvarado, W. Gudat, K. Scröder, and M. Campagna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1555 (1985); B. Kim, A. B. Andrews, J. L. Erskine, K. J. Kim, and B. N. Harmon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1931 (1992); H. Tang, D. Weller, T. G. Walker, J. C. Scott, C. Chapert et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 444 (1993); C. Rau and M. Robert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2714 (1987); C. Rau, J. Mag. and Mag. Mat. 31-34, 874 (1983); C. Rau and S. Eichner, Phys. Rev. B34, 6347 (1986) & in Nuclear Methods in Materials Research, K. Bethge, H. Burman, H. Jex, and F. Rauch (Eds.), (Viewig, Braunschweig, 1980), p. 354.
145. D. Weller, S. F. Alvarado, W. Gudat, K. Scröder, and M. Campagna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1555 (1985); B. Kim, A. B. Andrews, J. L. Erskine, K. J. Kim, and B. N. Harmon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1931 (1992); H. Tang, D. Weller, T. G. Walker, J. C. Scott, C. Chapert et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 444 (1993); C. Rau and M. Robert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2714 (1987); C. Rau, J. Mag. and Mag. Mat. 31-34, 874 (1983); C. Rau and S. Eichner, Phys. Rev. B34, 6347 (1986) & in Nuclear Methods in Materials Research, K. Bethge, H. Burman, H. Jex, and F. Rauch (Eds.), (Viewig, Braunschweig, 1980), p. 354.
146. D. Weller, S. F. Alvarado, W. Gudat, K. Scröder, and M. Campagna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1555 (1985); B. Kim, A. B. Andrews, J. L. Erskine, K. J. Kim, and B. N. Harmon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1931 (1992); H. Tang, D. Weller, T. G. Walker, J. C. Scott, C. Chapert et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 444 (1993); C. Rau and M. Robert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2714 (1987); C. Rau, J. Mag. and Mag. Mat. 31-34, 874 (1983); C. Rau and S. Eichner, Phys. Rev. B34, 6347 (1986) & in Nuclear Methods in Materials Research, K. Bethge, H. Burman, H. Jex, and F. Rauch (Eds.), (Viewig, Braunschweig, 1980), p. 354.
147. D. Weller, S. F. Alvarado, W. Gudat, K. Scröder, and M. Campagna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1555 (1985); B. Kim, A. B. Andrews, J. L. Erskine, K. J. Kim, and B. N. Harmon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1931 (1992); H. Tang, D. Weller, T. G. Walker, J. C. Scott, C. Chapert et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 444 (1993); C. Rau and M. Robert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2714 (1987); C. Rau, J. Mag. and Mag. Mat. 31-34, 874 (1983); C. Rau and S. Eichner, Phys. Rev. B34, 6347 (1986) & in Nuclear Methods in Materials Research, K. Bethge, H. Burman, H. Jex, and F. Rauch (Eds.), (Viewig, Braunschweig, 1980), p. 354.
148. D. Weller, S. F. Alvarado, W. Gudat, K. Scröder, and M. Campagna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1555 (1985); B. Kim, A. B. Andrews, J. L. Erskine, K. J. Kim, and B. N. Harmon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1931 (1992); H. Tang, D. Weller, T. G. Walker, J. C. Scott, C. Chapert et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 444 (1993); C. Rau and M. Robert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2714 (1987); C. Rau, J. Mag. and Mag. Mat. 31-34, 874 (1983); C. Rau and S. Eichner, Phys. Rev. B34, 6347 (1986) & in Nuclear Methods in Materials Research, K. Bethge, H. Burman, H. Jex, and F. Rauch (Eds.), (Viewig, Braunschweig, 1980), p. 354.
149. U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 178, 131 (1969); U. Heinzmann, J. Kessler, and J. Lorenz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 1325 (1970).
150. U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 178, 131 (1969); U. Heinzmann, J. Kessler, and J. Lorenz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 1325 (1970).
151. K. Starke, A.P. Kaduwela, Y. Liu, P.D. Johnson, M.A. Van Hove, C.S. Fadley, V. Chakarian, E.E. Chaban, G. Meigs, and C.T. Chen, Phys. Rev. B53, R10544 (1996).
152. J.G. Tobin, C.D. Waddill, D.P. Pappas, E. Tamura, and P. Sterne, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A13, 1574 (1995).
153. N.A. Cherepkov, Phys. Lett. A40, 119 (1972) and Adv. At. Mol. Phys. 19, 395 (1983).
154. N.A. Cherepkov, Phys. Lett. A40, 119 (1972) and Adv. At. Mol. Phys. 19, 395 (1983).
155. (a) E.M.E. Timmermans, G.T. Trammell, and J.P. Hannon, Appl Phys. 73, 6183 (1993) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 832 (1994);
156. (a) E.M.E. Timmermans, G.T. Trammell, and J.P. Hannon, Appl Phys. 73, 6183 (1993) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 832 (1994);
157. (b) C.S. Fadley, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 307, 261 (1993) and Surf. Sci. Rep. 19, 231 (1993);
158. (b) C.S. Fadley, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 307, 261 (1993) and Surf. Sci. Rep. 19, 231 (1993);
159. (c) A.P. Kaduwela, Z. Wang, M.A. Van Hove, and C.S. Fadley, Phys. Rev. B50, R9656 (1994);
160. (c) Z. Wang, A.P. Kaduwela, S. Thevuthasan, M.A. Van Hove, and C.S. Fadley, to be published.
161. P.M. Len, E. Rotenberg, J.D. Denlinger, B.P. Tonner, S.D. Kevan, M.A. Van Hove, and C.S. Fadley,to be published.
162. W.N. Lipscomb, Acta Crystallographica 2, 193 (1949); J. Karla and H.A. Hauptmann, Acta Crystallographica 3, 18 (1950); K. Hummer and H. Billy, Acta Crystallographica A38, 841 (1982); S. L. Chang, Phys. Rev. Letters 48, 163 (1982).
163. W.N. Lipscomb, Acta Crystallographica 2, 193 (1949); J. Karla and H.A. Hauptmann, Acta Crystallographica 3, 18 (1950); K. Hummer and H. Billy, Acta Crystallographica A38, 841 (1982); S. L. Chang, Phys. Rev. Letters 48, 163 (1982).
164. W.N. Lipscomb, Acta Crystallographica 2, 193 (1949); J. Karla and H.A. Hauptmann, Acta Crystallographica 3, 18 (1950); K. Hummer and H. Billy, Acta Crystallographica A38, 841 (1982); S. L. Chang, Phys. Rev. Letters 48, 163 (1982).
165. W.N. Lipscomb, Acta Crystallographica 2, 193 (1949); J. Karla and H.A. Hauptmann, Acta Crystallographica 3, 18 (1950); K. Hummer and H. Billy, Acta Crystallographica A38, 841 (1982); S. L. Chang, Phys. Rev. Letters 48, 163 (1982).
166. (a) M.J. Bedyzk and G. Materlik, Physical Review B32, 6456 (1985);
167. (b) J.T. Hutton, G.T. Trammell, and J.P. Hannon, Phys. Rev. B31, 420 (1985), and Phy. Rev.B31, 743 (1985).
168. (b) J.T. Hutton, G.T. Trammell, and J.P. Hannon, Phys. Rev. B31, 420 (1985), and Phy. Rev.B31, 743 (1985).
169. S. M. Goldberg, R. J. Baird, S. Kono, N. F. T. Hall, and C. S. Fadley, J. Electron Spectrosc. 21, 1 (1980); R. Trehan, C. S. Fadley and J. Osterwalder, J. Electron Spectrosc. 42, 187 (1987).
170. S. M. Goldberg, R. J. Baird, S. Kono, N. F. T. Hall, and C. S. Fadley, J. Electron Spectrosc. 21, 1 (1980); R. Trehan, C. S. Fadley and J. Osterwalder, J. Electron Spectrosc. 42, 187 (1987).