Copolymerization of ethene with styrene using methylaluminoxane-activated bis(phenolate) complexes

Macromolecules

Volumn 30, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 1562-1569

  Sernetz, Friedrich G ^a   Mülhaupt, Rolf ^a   Fokken, Stefan ^b   Okuda, Jun ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^b JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATALYST ACTIVITY; COPOLYMERS; MICROSTRUCTURE; MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SOLVENT EXTRACTION; STYRENE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES;

ETHENE; MOLECULAR MASS DISTRIBUTION; POLYMERIZATION KINETICS;

COPOLYMERIZATION;

EID: 0031095953     PISSN: 00249297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ma961443j     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Linden, A. v. d.; Schaverien, C. J.; Meijboom, N.; Ganter, C.; Orpen, A. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3008.
2. Matilainen, L.; Klinga, M.; Leskelā, M. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1996, 219.
3. (a) Kakugo, M.; Miyatake, T.; Mizunuma, K. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1990, 56, 517.
4. (b) Miyatake, T.; Mizunuma, K.; Kakugo, M. Macromol. Symp. 1993, 66, 203.
5. Soga, K.; Lee, D.; Yanagihara, H. Polym. Bull. 1988, 20, 237.
6. Mani, R.; Burns, C. M. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 5476.
7. Longo, P.; Grassi, A.; Oliva, L. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1990, 191, 2387.
8. D'Aniello, C.; Candia, F. d.; Oliva, L.; Vittoria, V. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1995, 58, 1701.
9. Aaltonen, P.; Seppālā, J. Eur. Polym. J. 1994, 30, 683.
10. Pellecchia, C.; Pappalardo, D.; D'Arco, M.; Zambelli, A. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1158.
11. (a) Shapiro, P. J.; Bunel, E.; Schaefer, W. P.; Bercaw, J. E. Organometallics 1990, 9, 867.
12. (b) Shapiro, P. J.; Cotter. W. D.; Schaefer, W. P.; Labinger, J. A.; Bercaw, J. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4623.
13. Okuda, J. Chem. Ber. 1990, 123, 1649.
14. The Dow Chemical Co. EP 0 416 815 A2, 1990. (invs.: J. C. Stevens, F. J. Timmers, D. R. Wilson, G. F. Schmidt, P. N. Nickias, R. K. Rosen, G. W. Knight, and Lai, S.-Y).
15. Sernetz, F. G.; Mülhaupt, R.; Waymouth, R. M. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 1071.
16. Miyatake, T.; Mizunuma, K.; Seki, Y.; Kakugo, M. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1989, 10, 349.
17. (a) Floriani, C.; Corazza, F.; Lesueor, W.; Chiesi-Villa, A.; Guastini, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1989, 28, 66.
18. (b) Okuda, J.; Fokken, S.; Kang, H.-C.; Massa, W. Chem. Ber. 1995, 128, 221.
19. (c) Fokken, S.; Okuda, J.; Sernetz, F. G.; Mülhaupt, R. Organometallics, manuscript to be submitted.
20. (a) Fokken, S.; Spaniol, T. P.; Kang, H.-C.; Massa, W.; Okuda, J. Organometallics, in press.
21. (b) Porri, L. R. A.; Colombo, P.; Moano; E.; Capelli, S.; Meille, S. V. J. Organomet. Chem. 1996, 514, 213.
22. (c) Fokken, S.; Kang, H.-C.; Massa, W.; Okuda, J. Inorg. Chem., manuscript submitted.
23. Xu, Y.; Sernetz, F. G.; Thomann, R.; Kressler, J.; Mülhaupt, R. Macromol. Chem. Phys., manuscript submitted.
24. Unfortunately the polymerization conditions employed by Kakugo were not described very precisely. It is not dear how "constant ethene pressure" of "0.3 atm" was achieved. We would like to note that bubbling ethene through the flask would result in ethene pressure of 0.6 bar (=0.6 atm) at a temperature of 80 °C. Also, any balloon we tested as an "ethene reservoir" to keep ethene pressure constant (resulting in 0.1 bar = 0.1 atm) lost its ethene content in exchange for air by diffusion within 30 min.
25. (a) Chien, J. C. W.; Salajka, Z. J. Polym. Sci., Part A 1991, 29, 1243.
26. (b) Chien, J. C. W.; Salajka, Z., Dong, S. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 3199.
27. At high catalyst concentrations the bisphenolate complexe was not dissolved rapidly. Therefore, undissolved amounts of complex might also be a source of different active sites by heterogeneous catalysis.
28. Sernetz, F. G.; Mülhaupt, R.; Amor, F.; Eberle, T.; Okuda, J. J. Polym. Sci., Part A, manuscript submitted.
29. Randall, J. C. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 1975, 13, 889.