Comparison of Two Indicators of Perceived Egocentric Distance under Full-Cue and Reduced-Cue Conditions

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 72-85

  Philbeck, John W ^a   Loomis, Jack M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DISTANCE PERCEPTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; WALKING;

ADULT; DISTANCE PERCEPTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; WALKING;

EID: 0031062594     PISSN: 00961523     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.23.1.72     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Baird, J. C. (1970). Psychophysical analysis of visual space. New York: Pergamon Press.
2. Beall, A. C., Loomis, J. M., Philbeck, J. W., & Fikes, T. J. (1995). Absolute motion parallax weakly determines visual scale in real and virtual environments. Proceedings of the Conference on Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display (pp. 288-297). Bellingham, WA: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
3. Biersdorf, W. R. (1966). Convergence and apparent distance as correlates of size judgments at near distances. Journal of General Psychology, 75, 249-264.
4. Bridgeman, B., Kirch, M., & Sperling, A. (1981). Segregation of cognitive and motor aspects of visual function using induced motion. Perception & Psychophysics, 29, 336-342.
5. Bruno, N., & Cutting, J. E. (1988). Minimodularity and the perception of layout. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 161-170.
6. Bugelski, B. R. (1967). Traffic signals and depth perception. Science, 157, 1464-1465.
7. Carlson, V. R. (1977). Instructions and perceptual constancy judgments. In W. Epstein (Ed.), Stability and constancy in visual perception: Mechanisms and processes (pp. 217-254). New York: Wiley.
8. Corlett, J. T. (1986). The effect of environmental cues on locomotor distance estimation by children and adults. Human Movement Science, 5, 235-248.
9. Corlett, J. T., Patla, A. E., & Williams, J. G. (1985). Locomotor estimation of distance after visual scanning by children and adults. Perception, 14, 257-263.
10. Cutting, J. E., & Vishton, P. M. (1995). Perceiving layout and knowing distances: The integration, relative potency, and contextual use of different information about depth. In W. Epstein & S. Rogers (Eds.), Handbook of perception and cognition: Vol. 5, Perception of space and motion (pp. 69-117). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
11. Da Silva, J. A. (1985). Scales for perceived egocentric distance in a large open field: Comparison of three psychophysical methods. American Journal of Psychology, 98, 119-144.
12. Dunn, B. E. (1969). Relative distance of lights: An extension of Bugelski's findings. Perception & Psychophysics, 6, 414-415.
13. Dunn, B. E., Gray, G. C., & Thompson, D. (1965). Relative height on the picture plane and depth perception. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 21, 227-236.
14. Elliott, D. (1986). Continuous visual information may be important after all: A failure to replicate Thomson (1983). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 12, 388-391.
15. Elliott, D. (1987). The influence of walking speed and prior practice on locomotor distance estimation. Journal of Motor Behavior, 19, 476-485.
16. Epstein, W. (1966). Perceived depth as a function of relative height under three background conditions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72, 335-338.
17. Epstein, W., & Landauer, A. A. (1969). Size and distance judgments under reduced conditions of viewing. Perception & Psychophysics, 6, 269-272.
18. Foley, J. M. (1977). Effect of distance information and range on two indices of visually perceived distance. Perception, 6, 449-460.
19. Foley, J. M. (1980). Binocular distance perception. Psychological Review, 87, 411-434.
20. Foley, J. M. (1985). Binocular distance perception: Egocentric distance tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 11, 133-149.
21. Foley, J. M., & Held, R. (1972). Visually directed pointing as a function of target distance, direction, and available cues. Perception & Psychophysics, 12, 263-268.
22. Fujita, N., Klatzky, R. L., Loomis, J. L., & Golledge, R. G. (1993). The encoding-error model of pathway completion without vision. Geographical Analysis, 25, 295-314.
23. Fukusima, S. S., Loomis, J. M., & Da Silva, J. A. (1997). Visual perception of egocentric distance as assessed by triangulation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 86-100.
24. Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
25. Gilinsky, A. S. (1951). Perceived size and distance in visual space. Psychological Review, 58, 460-482.
26. Gogel, W. C. (1961). Convergence as a cue to absolute distance. Journal of Psychology, 32, 287-301.
27. Gogel, W. C. (1969). The sensing of retinal size. Vision Research, 9, 3-24.
28. Gogel, W. C. (1977). An indirect measure of perceived distance from oculomotor cues. Perception & Psychophysics, 21, 3-11.
29. Gogel, W. C., Loomis, J. M., Newman, N. J., & Sharkey, T. J. (1985). Agreement between indirect measures of perceived distance. Perception & Psychophysics, 37, 17-27.
30. Gogel, W. C., & Sturm, R. D. (1972). A comparison of accommodative and fusional convergence as cues to distance. Perception & Psychophysics, 11, 166-168.
31. Gogel, W. C., & Tietz, J. D. (1973). Absolute motion parallax and the specific distance tendency. Perception & Psychophysics, 13, 284-292.
32. Gogel, W. C., & Tietz, J. D. (1979). A comparison of oculomotor and motion parallax cues of egocentric distance. Vision Research, 19, 1161-1170.
33. Goodale, M. A., & Milner, A. D. (1992). Separate visual pathways for perception and action. Trends in Neurosciences, 15, 20-25.
34. Goodale, M. A., Milner, A. D., Jakobson, L. S., & Carey, D. P. (1991). A neurological dissociation between perceiving objects and grasping them. Nature, 349, 154-156.
35. Haber, R. N. (1985). Toward a theory of the perceived spatial layout of scenes. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 31, 282-321.
36. Harway, N. I. (1963). Judgment of distance in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65, 385-390.
37. Heinemann, E. G., Tulving, E., & Nachmias, J. (1959). The effect of oculomotor adjustments on apparent size. American Journal of Psychology, 72, 32-45.
38. Holway, A. H., & Boring, E. G. (1941). Determinants of apparent visual size with distance variant. American Journal of Psychology, 54, 21-37.
39. Ittelson, W. H. (1960). Visual space perception. New York: Springer.
40. Künnapas, T. (1968). Distance perception as a function of available visual cues. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 77, 523-529.
41. Laurent, M., & Cavallo, V. (1985). Role des modalites de prise d'informations visuelles dans un pointage locomoteur. L'Annee Psychologique, 85, 41-48.
42. Lee, D. N. (1980). Visuo-motor coordination in space-time. In G. E. Stelmach & J. Requin (Eds.), Tutorials in motor behavior (pp. 281-295). New York: North-Holland.
43. Loomis, J. M., Da Silva, J. A., Fujita, N., & Fukusima, S. S. (1992). Visual space perception and visually directed action. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 906-921.
44. Morrison, J. D., & Whiteside, T. C. D. (1984). Binocular cues in the perception of distance to a point source of light. Perception, 13, 555-566.
45. Owens, D. A., & Leibowitz, H. W. (1976). Oculomotor adjustments in darkness and the specific distance tendency. Perception & Psychophysics, 20, 2-9.
46. Oyama, T. (1974). Perceived size and perceived distance in stereoscopic vision and an analysis of their causal relations. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 175-181.
47. Pepper, R. L., & Herman, L. M. (1970). Decay and interference effects in the short-term retention of a discrete motor act. Journal of Experimental Psychology Monographs, 83(2, Pt. 2).
48. Philbeck, J. W., & Loomis, J. M. (1993). Open-loop walking is similar to verbal report under reduced-cue conditions [Abstract 2366]. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 34, 1184.
49. Philbeck, J. W., Loomis, J. M., & Beall, A. C. (in press). Visually perceived location is an invariant in the control of action. Perception & Psychophysics.
50. Richards, W., & Miller, J. F., Jr. (1969). Convergence as a cue to depth. Perception & Psychophysics, 5, 317-320.
51. Rieser, J. J., Ashmead, D. H., Talor, C. R., & Youngquist, G. A. (1990). Visual perception and the guidance of locomotion without vision to previously seen targets. Perception, 19, 675-689.
52. Sedgwick, H. A. (1986). Space perception. In K. R. Boff, L. Kaufman, & J. P. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of perception and human performance: Vol. 1. Sensory processes and perception (pp. 21.1-21.57). New York: Wiley.
53. Steenhuis, R. E., & Goodale, M. A. (1988). The effects of time and distance on accuracy of target-directed locomotion: Does an accurate short-term memory for spatial location exist? Journal of Motor Behavior, 20, 399-415.
54. Swenson, H. A. (1932). The relative influence of accommodation and convergence in the judgment of distance. Journal of General Psychology, 7, 360-380.
55. Thomson, J. A. (1980). How do we use visual information to control locomotion? Trends in Neurosciences, 3, 247-250.
56. Thomson, J. A. (1983). Is continuous visual monitoring necessary in visually guided locomotion? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 9, 427-443.
57. Toye, R. C. (1986). The effect of viewing position on the perceived layout of space. Perception & Psychophysics, 40, 85-92.
58. Wagner, M. (1985). The metric of visual space. Perception & Psychophysics, 38, 483-495.
59. Wallach, H., & Floor, L. (1971). The use of size matching to demonstrate the effectiveness of accommodation and convergence as cues for distance. Perception & Psychophysics, 10, 423-428.
60. Wallach, H., & O'Leary, A. (1982). Slope of regard as a distance cue. Perception & Psychophysics, 31, 145-148.
61. Warren, W. H. (1988). Action modes and laws of control for the visual guidance of action. In O. G. Meijer & K. Roth (Eds.), Complex movement behavior: The motor-action controversy (pp. 339-380). New York: North-Holland.