Mechanisms of action of antiarrhythmic drugs: From ion channel blockage to arrhythmia termination

PACE - Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology

Volumn 20, Issue 2 II, 1997, Pages 432-444

  Grant, Augustus O ^a,b  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

antiarrhythmic drugs; arrhythmia management; drug design; ion channels and receptors

Indexed keywords

ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; CATION CHANNEL; ION CHANNEL;

ARTICLE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART AUTOMATICITY; HUMAN; MEMBRANE CURRENT; REENTRY ARRHYTHMIA; TARGET CELL; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE;

ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS; ARRHYTHMIA; HUMANS; ION CHANNEL GATING; ION CHANNELS; MYOCARDIUM;

EID: 0031056261     PISSN: 01478389     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb06202.x     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. CAST Investigators. Preliminary Report. Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 406-412.
2. CAST-II. Effect of the antiarrhythmic agent moricizine on survival after myocardial infarction. New Engl J Mod 1992; 327:227-233.
3. Flaker GC, Blackshear JL, McBride R, et al. Antiar-rhythmic drug therapy and cardiac: mortality in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20: 527-532.
4. Catterall WA. Cellular and molecular biology of voltage-gated sodium channels. Physiol Rev 1992; 72:515-548.
5. Jan LY, Jan YN. Voltage-sensitive ion channels. Cell 1989; 56:13-25.
6. Lewis DL, Lechleiter JD, Kim D, et al. Intracellular regulation of ion channels in cell membranes. Mayo Clin Proc 1990; 65:1127-1143.
7. Physician's Desk Reference. Mount Vale, NJ, Medical Economics Data Co., 1994, p. 1282.
8. Weber KT, Spach MS, Starmer CF. Chaos in the hall of mirrors. Cardiovasc Res 1995; 30:336-344.
9. Linz W, Wiemer G, Gohlke P, et al. Contribution of kinins to the cardiovascular actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 1995; 47:25-49.
10. Van Bogaert P-P, Goethals M. Pharmacological influence of specific bradycardic agents on the pacemaker current of sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres. A comparison between three different molecules. Eur Heart J 1987; 8(Suppl. L):35-42.
11. Snyders DJ, Van Bogaert P-P. Alinidine modifies the pacemaker current in sheep Purkinje fibers. Pflügers Arch 1987; 410:83-91.
12. Van Bogaert P-P, Goethals M, Simoens C. Use- and frequency-dependent blockade by UL-FS 49 of the if pacemaker current in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres. Eur J Pharmacol 1990; 187:241-256.
13. + channels by DPI 201-106: Different voltage-dependencies of the drug actions. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 1987; 335:183-188.
14. Novosel D, Hof A, Zierhut W, et al. Proarrhythmic effects of DPI 201-106 elicited with programmed electrical stimulation: A comparison with sotalol. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993; 21:967-972.
15. Lee KS. Ibutilide, a new compound with potent class III antiarrhythmic activity, activates a slow inward Na current in guinea-pig ventricular cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 262:99-108.
16. Kr) in AT-1 cells. Circulation 1995; 91: 1799-1806.
17. Kokubun S, Reuter H. Dihydropyridine derivatives prolong the open state of Ca channels in cultured cardiac cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984; 81:4824-4827.
18. Hess P, Lansman JB, Tsien RW. Different modes of Ca channel gating behaviour favoured by dihydropyridine Ca agonists and antagonists. Nature 1984; 311:538-544.
19. Nayler WG, Dillion JS. Calcium antagonists and their mode of action: An historical overview. Br J Pharmacol 1986; 21:97S-107S.
20. Po S, Roberds S, Snyders DJ, et al. Heteromultimeric assembly of human potassium channels. Molecular basis of a transient outward current? Circ Res 1993; 72:1326-1336.
21. Belardinelli L, Lerman BB. Electrophysiological basis for the use of adenosine in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Br Heart J 1990; 63:3-4.
22. Edvardsson N, Huikuri H, Kenneback G, et al. Antiarrhythmic efficacy by a Class III agent with and without beta-blockade in chronic atrial fibrilla-tion - a double-blind randomized comparison of Dl-sotalol, D-sotalol and placebo, (abstract) J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27:46A.
23. Waldo AL, Camm AJ, de Ruyter H, et al. Preliminary mortality results from the survival with oral D-sotalol (SWORD) Trial, (abstract) J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25(Suppl.):15A.
24. Hille B. Local anesthetics: Hydrophilic and hy-drophobic pathways for the drug-receptor reaction. J Gen Physiol 1977; 69:497-515.
25. Hondeghem LM, Katzung BG. Time- and voltage-dependent interactions of antiarrhythmic drugs with cardiac sodium channels. Biochim Biophys Acta 1977; 472:373-398.
26. Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF. A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. J Physiol 1952; 117:500-544.
27. Armstrong CM. Sodium channels and gating currents. Physiol Rev 1981; 61:644-683.
28. Cohen SA, Barchi RL. Voltage-dependent sodium channels. Internat Rev Cytol 1993; 137C:55-103.
29. +-channel inactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89:10910-10914.
30. Bennett PB, Valenzuela C, Chen L-Q, et al. On the molecular nature of the lidocaine receptor of cardiac Na+ channels. Circ Res 1995; 77:584-592.
31. McPhee JC, Ragsdale DS, Scheuer T, et al. A mutation in segment IVS disrupts fast inactivation of sodium channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1994; 91:12346-12350.
32. Benndorf K. Properties of single cardiac Na channels at 35 degrees C. J Gen Physiol 1994; 104: 801-820.
33. max) of action potential in guinea pig ventricular muscles. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1987; 19:367-377.
34. max of action potential in single ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1990; 22:1-12.
35. Grant AO, Starmer CF, Strauss HC. Antiarrhyth-mic drug action. Blockade of the inward sodium current. Circ Res 1984; 55:427-439.
36. Mason JW, Hondeghem LM, Katzung BG. Block of inactivated sodium channels and of depolarization-induced automaticity in guinea pig papillary muscle by amiodarone. Circ Res 1984; 55:277-285.
37. Duff HJ, Roden D, Primm RK, et al. Mexiletine in the treatment of resistant ventricular arrhythmias: Enhancement of efficacy and reduction of dose related side effects of combination with quinidine. Circulation 1983; 67:1124-1128.
38. Hondeghem LM. Antiarrhythmic agents: Modulated receptor applications. Circulation 1987; 75: 514-520.
39. Woosley RL, Wood AJJ, Roden DM. Medical intelligence. N Engl J Med 1988; 17:1107-1115.
40. Grant AO. Propafenone: An effective agent for the management of supraventricular arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1996; 7:353-364.
41. Ranger S, Talagic M, Lemery R, et al. Amplification of flecainide-induced ventricular conduction slowing by exercise. Circulation 1989; 79: 1000-1006.
42. Courtney KR. Review: Quantitative structure/activity relations based on use-dependent block and repriming kinetics in myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1987; 19:319-330.
43. Gintant GA. Two components of delayed rectifier current in canine atrium and ventricle. Circ Res 1996; 78:26-37.
44. Carlsson L, Almgren O, Duker G. QTU-prolongation and torsades de pointes induced by putative Class III antiarrhythmic agents in the rabbit: Etiology and interventions. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 16:276-285.
45. k activation in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 1988; 62:1055-1058.
46. Snyders DJ, Knoth KM, Roberds SL, et al. Time-, voltage-, and state-dependent block by quinidine of a cloned human cardiac potassium channel. Mol Pharmacol 1991; 41:322-330.
47. + current by almokalant in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 1993; 73:857-868.
48. Vaughan Williams EM. Classification of antiarrhythmic drugs. In E Sandoe, E Flensted-Jensen, EH Olsen (eds.): Symposium on Cardiac Arrhythmias. Denmark: Astra, 1970, pp. 449-501.
49. Vaughan Williams EM. A classification of antiarrhythmic actions reassessed after a decade of new drugs. J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 24:129-147.
50. Singh BN, Hauswirth O. Comparative mechanisms of action of antiarrhythmic drugs. Am Heart J 1974; 87:367-382.
51. Katzung BG, Jensen RA. The depressant action of diphenylhydantoin on electrical and mechanical properties of isolated rabbit and dog atria: Dependence on sodium and potassium. Am Heart J 1970; 80:80-88.
52. Singh BN, Vaughan Williams EM. Effect of altering potassium concentration on the action of lidocaine and diphenylhydantoin on rabbit atrial and ventricular muscle. Circ Res 1971; 29:286-295.
53. Harrison DC. Is there a rational basis for the modified classification of antiarrhythmic drugs? In J Morganroth, EN Moore (eds.): New Drugs and Devises. Boston, MA, Martinus Nijhoff, 1985, pp. 36-40.
54. max) in guinea pig ventricular action potentials by mexiletine, disopyramide and encainide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1983; 5:291-296.
55. Campbell TJ. Kinetics of onset of rate-dependent effects of class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs are important in determining their effects on refractoriness in guinea pig ventricle, and provide a theoretical basis for their subclassification. Cardiovasc Res 1983; 17:344-352.
56. Campbell TJ, Vaughan Williams EM. Voltage- and time-dependent depression of maximum rate of depolarization of guinea-pig ventricular action potential by two new antiarrhythmic drugs, flecainide and lorcainide. Cardiovasc Res 1983; 17: 251-258.
57. Weirich J, Antoni H. Differential analysis of the frequency-dependent effects of class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs according to periodic ligand binding: Implications for antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic efficacy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 15: 998-1009.
58. Campbell TJ. Subclassification of class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs: Enhanced relevance after CAST. Cardiovasc Drug Ther 1992; 6:519-528.
59. Task Force of the Working on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology. The Sicilian Gambit: A new approach to the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs bases on their actions on arrhythmogenic mechanisms. Circulation 1991; 84: 1831-1851.
60. Keating MT. The long QT syndrome. Rev Mol Med 1996; 75:1-5.
61. + channel-linked long-QT syndrome. Circ Res 1996; 78:916-924.
62. + channel blockade and to increases in heart rate. Circulation 1995; 92:3381-3386.
63. Stambler BS, Portnow AS, Wood MA, et al. Proven efficacy of repeated dose intravenous ibutilide, a class III antiarrhythmic drug, for rapid termination of chronic atrial flutter or fibrillation: Results of a multicenter placebo-controlled study. (abstract) J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25(Suppl.):230A.
64. Feld GK, Chen P-S, Nicod P, et al. Possible atrial proarrhythmic effects of class 1C antiarrhythmic drugs. Am J Cardiol 1990; 66:378-383.
65. Wit AL, Rosen MR. Cellular electrophysiology of cardiac arrhythmias. Mod Concept Cardiovasc Dis 1981; 50:1-6.