Questionable dementia: Clinical course and predictors of outcome

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 321-328

  Devanand, D P ^a,b   Folz, Mara ^a   Gorlyn, Marianne ^a   Moeller, James R ^a,b   Stern, Yaakov ^a,c  

^a New York State Psychiatric Institute   (United States)

^b NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c and Epidemiology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMNESIA; ARTICLE; DEMENTIA; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PREDICTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0031051872     PISSN: 00028614     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb00947.x     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Philpot MP, Levy R. A memory clinic for the early diagnosis of dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1987;2:195-200.
2. O'Neill D, Surmon GK, Wilcock GK. Longitudinal diagnosis of memory disorders. Age and Aging 1992;21:393-397.
3. Reinikainen KJ, Koivisto K, Mykkanen L. Age-associated memory impairment in aged population: An epidemiological study. Neurology 1990;40:177.
4. Coria F, Gomez de Caso JA, Minguez L et al. Prevalence of age-associated memory impairment and dementia in a rural community. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:973-976.
5. Berg L. Does Alzheimer's disease represent an exaggeration of normal aging? Arch Neurol 1985;42:737-739.
6. Barker A, Jones R. Age-associated memory impairment: Diagnostic and treatment issues. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 1993;8:305-310.
7. Kral VA. Senescent forgetfulness, benign and malignant. Can Med Assoc J 1962;86:257-260.
8. Reisberg B, Ferris SH, Franssen E et al. Age-associated memory impairment: The clinical syndrome. Dev Neuropsychology 1986;2:401-412.
9. Youngjohn JR, Crook III TH. Stability of everyday memory in age-associated memory impairment: a longitudinal study. Neuropsychology 1993;7:406-416.
10. Flicker C, Ferris SH, Reisberg B. Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly: Predictors of dementia. Neurology 1991;41:1006-1009.
11. O'Brien JT, Beats B, Hill K et al. Do subjective memory complaints precede dementia? A three-year follow-up of patients with supposed 'benign senescent forgetfulness'. Intl J Geriatric Psychiatry 1992;7:481-486.
12. Rubin EH, Storandts M, Miller JP et al. Influence of age on clinical and psychometric assessment of subjects with very mild or mild dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol 1993;50:380-383.
13. Hughes CP, Berg L, Danzinger WL et al. A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. Br J Psychiatry 1982;140:566-572.
14. Storandt M, Hill RD. Very mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol 1989;46:383-386.
15. Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel D et al. Association of apolipoprotein F allele ∈4 with late-onser Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993;43:1467-1472.
16. Mayeux R, Stern Y, Ottman R et al. The apolipoprotein ∈4 allele in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1993;34:752-754.
17. Mayeux R, Sano M, Chen J et al. Risk of dementia in first-degree relatives of patients with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. Arch Neurol 1991;48:269-273.
18. Chandra V, Kokmen E, Schoenberg BS, Beard CM. Head trauma with loss of consciousness as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1989;39:1576-1578.
19. Jorm AF, Van Duijn CM, Chandra V et al. Psychiatric history and related exposures as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: A collaborative re-analysis of case-control studies. Int J Epidemiology 1991;20:S43-S47.
20. Amaducci EA, Fratiglioni L, Rocca WA et al. Risk factors for clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: A case-control study of an Italian population. Neurology 1986;36:922-931.
21. Shalat SL, Seltzer B, Pidcock C, Baker EL. Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: A case-control study. Neurology 1987;37:1630-1633.
22. Stern Y, Gurland B, Tatemichi TK et al. Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. JAMA 1994;271:1004-1010.
23. Persson G, Skoog I. Subclinical dementia: Relevance of cognitive symptoms and signs. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1992;5:172-178.
24. Fuld PA, Masur DM, Blau AD et al. Object-memory evaluation for prospective detection of dementia in normal functioning elderly: Predictive and normative data. J Clin Exper Neuropsychol 1990;12:520-528.
25. Fuld PA, Dickson D, Crystal H, Aronson MK. Primitive plaques and memory dysfunction in normal and impaired elderly persons. N Engl J Med 1987;316:756.
26. Masur DM, Sliwinski M, Lipton RB et al. Neuropsychological prediction of dementia and the absence of dementia in healthy elderly persons. Neurology 1994;44:1427-1432.
27. Jacobs DM, Sano M, Dooneief G et al. Neuropsychological detection and characterization of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1995;45:957-962.
28. Knopman DS, Ryeberg S. A verbal memory test with high predictive accuracy for dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol 1989;46:141-145.
29. Bayles K, Boone D, Tomoeda C et al. Differentiating Alzheimer's patients from the normal elderly and stroke patients with aphasia. J Speech Hear Disord 1989;54:74-87.
30. Becker JT, Huff J, Nebes RD et al. Neuropsychological function in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1988;45:263-268.
31. Robinson-Whelen S, Storandt M. Immediate and delayed prose recall among normal and demented adults. Arch Neurol 1992;49:32-34.
32. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Ed. revised Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc., 1987.
33. Lesser RP, Fahn S, Snider SR et al. Analysis for the clinical problems in parkinsonism and the complications of long-term levodopa therapy. Neurology 1979;29:1253-1260.
34. Rosen WG, Terry RD, Fuld PA et al. Pathological verification of ischemia score in differentiation of dementias. Ann Neurol 1980;7:486-488.
35. Blessed G, Tomlinson BE, Roth M. The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects. Br J Psychiatry 1968;114:797-811.
36. Stern Y, Andrews H, Pittman J et al. Diagnosis of dementia in a heterogeneous population: Development of a neuropsychological paradigm-based diagnosis of dementia and quantified correction for the effects of education. Arch Neurol 1992;49:453-460.
37. Folstein M, Folstein S, McHugh P. "Mini-mental state". A practical method of grading the cognitive state of patients for clinicians. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-198.
38. Mayeux R, Stern Y, Rosen J, Leventhal J. Depression, intellectual impairment and Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1981;31:645-650.
39. Stern Y, Sano MP, Paulson J, Mayeux R. Modified mini-mental state examination: Validity and reliability. Neurology 1987;37(Suppl 1):179.
40. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1984;34:939-944.
41. Small GW, LaRue A, Komo S et al. Predictors of cognitive change in middle-aged and older adults with memory loss. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1757-1764.
42. Hänninen T, Hallikainen M, Koivisto K et al. A follow-up study of age-associated memory impairment: Neuropsychological predictors of dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:1007-1015.
43. Tierney MC, Szalai JP, Snow WG et al. Prediction of probable Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired patients: A prospective longitudinal study. Neurology 1996;46:661-665.
44. Galasko D, Corey-Bloom J, Thai LY. Monitoring progression in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39:932-941.
45. Feher EP, Mahurin RK, Doody RS et al. Establishing the limits of the minimental state. Arch Neurol 1992;49:87-92.
46. Fillenbaum GG, Wilkinson WE, Welsh KA, Mohs RC. Discrimination between stages of Alzheimer's disease with subsets of mini-mental state examination items. Arch Neurol 1994;51:916-921.
47. Corey-Bloom J, Thal LJ, Galasko D et al. Diagnosis and evaluation of dementia. Neurology 1995;45:211-218.
48. Welsh K, Butters N, Hughes J et al. Detection of abnormal memory decline in mild cases of Alzheimer's Disease using CERAD neuropsychological measures. Arch Neurol 1991;48:278-281.
49. Evans DA, Funkenstein H, Albert MS et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons. JAMA 1989;262:2551-2556.
50. Bolla KI, Lindgren KN, Bonaccorsey C, Bleeker ML. Memory complaints in older adults: Fact or fiction? Arch Neurol 1991;48:61-66.
51. La Rue A, Watson J, Plotkin DA. First symptoms of dementia: A study of relatives' reports. Intl J Geriatr Psychiatry 1993;8:239-245.
52. Feher EP, Larrabee GJ, Sudilovsky A, Crook III TH. Memory self-report in Alzheimer's disease and in age-associated memory impairment. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994;7:58-65.
53. Wasson JH, Sox HC, Neff RK, Goldman L. Clinical prediction rules: Applications and methodological standards. N Engl J Med 1985;313:793-9.
54. Koss E. Olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Develop Neuropsychol 1986;2:89.
55. Rai GS, Wright G. Tests for differential diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer's type. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988;36:285.
56. Kessler JA. Deficiency of a cholinergic differentiating factor in fibroblasts of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1987;21:95-98.
57. Harnkainen P, Remmkamen KJ, Soininen H et al. Neurochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and normal controls. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 1992;4:53-68.
58. Scinto LFM, Daffner KR, Dressier D et al. A potential noninvasive neurobiological test for Alzheimer's disease. Science 1994;266:1051-1054.
59. Wolozin BL, Pruchnicki A, Dickson DW, Davies P. A neuronal antigen in the brains of Alzheimer patients. Science 1986;232:648-650.
60. 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT in normal aging, age-associated memory impairment, and probable Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996;44:133-138.
61. Jagust WJ, Budinger TF, Reed BR. The diagnosis of dementia with single photon emission computed tomography. Arch Neurol 1987;44:258-262.
62. Holman BL, Johnson KA, Gerada B, et al. The scintigraphic appearance of Alzheimer's disease: A prospective study using technetium-99 m-HMPAO SPECT. J Nucl Med 1992;33:181-185.
63. de Leon MJ, Golomb J, Convit A et al. Measurement of medial temporal lobe atrophy in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 1993;341:125-126.
64. Pearlson GD, Harris GJ, Powers RE et al. Quantitative changes in mesial temporal volume, regional cerebral blood flow, and cognition in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:402-408.
65. Erkinjutti T, Lee DH, Gao F et al. Temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1993;50:305-310.
66. Tato RE, Frank A, Hernanz A. Tau protein concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;59:280-283.
67. Vigo-Pelfrey C, Seubert P, Barbour R et al. Elevation of microtubule-associated protein tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1995;45:788-793.
68. 42 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1995;38:643-648.
69. Peterson RC, Smith GE, Ivnik RJ et al. Apolipoprotein E status as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired individuals. JAMA 1995;273:1274-1278.
70. Tierney MC, Szalai JP, Snow WG et al. A prospective study of the clinical utility of ApoE genoype in the prediction of outcome in patients with memory impairment. Neurology 1996;46:149-154.
71. Myers RH, Schaefer EJ, Wilson PWF et al. Apolipoprotein E ∈4 association with dementia in a population in a population-based study: The Framingham study. Neurology 1996;46:673-677.