Serotonergic modulation of behaviour: A phylogenetic overview

Biological Reviews

Volumn 72, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 61-95

  Weiger, Wendy A ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Behaviour; Biogenic amine; Neurohormone; Neuromodulator; Neurotransmitter; Serotonin

Indexed keywords

NEUROHORMONE; NEUROTRANSMITTER; SEROTONIN;

BEHAVIOR; PHYLOGENY; REVIEW; SEROTONINERGIC NERVE CELL;

ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; HUMANS; INVERTEBRATES; NERVOUS SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; SEROTONIN; VERTEBRATES;

COELENTERATA; INVERTEBRATA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0031043890     PISSN: 14647931     EISSN: 1469185X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1997.tb00010.x     Document Type: Article

References (172)

1. Abraham, F. D. & Willows, A. O. D. (1971). Plasticity of a fixed action pattern in the sea slug Tritonia diomedia. Communications in Behavioral Biology 6, 271-280.
2. Aghajanian, G. K. (1981). The modulatory role of serotonin at multiple receptors in brain. In Serotonin Neurotransmission and Behavior (ed. B. L. Jacobs and A. Gelperin), pp. 156-185. MIT Press, Cambridge.
3. Anctil, M. (1989). Modulation of a rhythmic activity by serotonin via cyclic AMP in the coelenterate Renilla Köllikeri. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 159, 491-500.
4. Angstadt, J. D. & Friesen, W. O. (1993). Modulation of swimming behavior in the medicinal leech. I. Effects of serotonin on the electrical properties of swim-gating cell 204. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 172, 223-234.
5. Bacskai, B. J., Hochner, B., Mahaut-Smith, M., Adams, S. R., Kaang, B.-K., Kandel, E. R. & Tsien, R. Y.(1993). Spatially resolved dynamics of cAMP and protein kinase A subunits in Aplysia sensory neurons. Science. 260, 222-226.
6. Bailey, C. H. & Chen, M. (1989). Time course of structural changes at identified sensory neuron synapses during long-term sensitization in Aplysia. Journal of Neuroscience 9, 1774-1780.
7. Bailey, C. H., Chen, M., Keller, F. & Kandel, E. R. (1992). Serotonin-mediated endocytosis of apCAM: An early step of learning-related synaptic growth in Aplysia. Science. 256, 645-649.
8. Bandler, R. J. (1970). Cholinergic synapses in the lateral hypothalamus for the control of predatory aggression in the rat. Brain Research. 20, 409-424.
9. Battelle, B.-A. & Kravitz, E. A. (1978). Targets of octopamine action in the lobster: Cyclic nucleotide changes and physiological effects in hemolymph, heart and exoskeletal muscle. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 205, 438-481.
10. Beltz, B. S., Eisen, J. S., Flamm, F., Harris-Warrick, R. M., Hooper, S. L. & Marder, E. (1984). Serotonergic innervation and modulation of the stomatogastric ganglion of three decapod crustaceans (Panuliris interruptus, Hmarus americanus and Cancer irroratus). Journal of Experimental Biology 109, 35-54.
11. Beltz, B. S. & Kravitz, E. A. (1983). Mapping of serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the lobster nervous system. Journal of Neuroscience. 3, 585-602.
12. Beltz, B. S. & Kravitz, E. A. (1987). Physiological identification, morphological analysis, and development of identified serotonin-proctolin containing neurons in the lobster nerve cord. Journal of Neuroscience. 7, 533-546.
13. Bergold, P. J., Sweatt, J. D., Winicov, I., Weiss, K. R., Kandel, E. R. & Schwartz, J. H. (1990). Protein synthesis during acquisition of long-term facilitation is needed for the persistent loss of regulatory subunits of the Aplysia cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 87, 3788-3791.
14. Bisgrove, B. W. & Burke, R. D. (1986). Development of serotonergic neurons in embryos of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Development, Growth and Differentiation 28, 569-574.
15. Breen, C. A. & Atwood, H. L. (1983). Octopamine - a neurohormone with presynaptic activity-dependent effects at crayfish neuromuscular junctions. Nature. 303, 716-718.
16. Breisch, S. T., Zemlan, F. P. & Hoebel, B. G. (1976). Hyperphagia and obesity following serotonin depletion by intraventricular p-chlorophenylalanine. Science. 192, 382-385.
17. 3H]serotonin binding to blastula, gastrula, prism, and pluteus sea urchin embryo cells. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 93C, 281-285.
18. Brunner, H. G., Nelen, M., Breakefield, X. O., Ropers, H. H. & Van Oost, B. A. (1993a). Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A. Science. 262, 578-580.
19. Brunner, H. G., Nelen, M. R., Van Zandvoort, P., Abeling, N. G. G. M., Van Gennip, A. H., Wolters, E. C., Kuiper, M. A., Ropers, H. H. & Van Oost, B. A. (1993b. X-linked borderline mental retardation with prominent behavioral disturbance: Phenotype, genetic localization, and evidence for disturbed monoamine metabolism. American Journal of Human Genetics. 52, 1032-1039.
20. Bustamante, J. & Krasne, F. (1989). Effects of octopamine on unitary EPSPs in a first order interneuron of crayfish lateral giant escape circuit. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 15, 1141.
21. Cases, O., Seif, I., Grimsby, J., Gaspar, P., Chen, K., Pournin, S., Müller, U., Aguet, M., Babinet, C., Chen Shih, J. & De Maeyer, E. (1995). Aggressive behavior and altered amounts of brain serotonin and norepinephrine in mice lacking MAOA. Science. 268, 1763-1766.
22. Castano, P. & Rossi, S. (1978). Cytochemical ultrastructural and fluorescence study of the nervous net of Hydra sp. Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology. 10, 381-395.
23. Castellucci, V. F., Blumenfeld, H., Goelet, P. & Kandel, E. R. (1989). Inhibitor of protein synthesis blocks long-term behavioral sensitization in the isolated gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia. Journal of Neurobiology. 20, 1-9.
24. Chen, C., Rainnie, D. G., Greene, R. W. & Tonegawa, S. (1994). Abnormal fear response and aggressive behavior in mutant mice deficient for a-calcium-calmodulin kinase II. Science. 266, 291-294.
25. Chiel, H. J., Weiss, K. R. & Kupfermann, I. (1986). An identified histaminergic neuron modulates feeding motor circuitry in Aplysia. Journal of Neuroscience. 6, 2427-2450.
26. Coccaro, E. F. (1989). Central serotonin and impulsive aggression. British Journal of Psychiatry. 155 (suppl. 8), 52-62.
27. Cooper, J. R., Bloom, F. E. & Roth, R. H. (1982). The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology. Oxford University Press, New York.
28. Dixon, D. & Atwood, H. L. (1989a). Phosphatidylinositol system’s role in serotonin-induced facilitation at the crayfish neuromuscular junction. Journal of Neurophysiology. 62, 239-246.
29. Dixon, D. & Atwood, H. L. (1989b). Conjoint action of phosphatidylinositol and adenylate cyclase systems in serotonin-induced facilitation at the crayfish neuromuscular junction. Journal of Neurophysiology. 62, 1251-1259.
30. Eaton, R. C. & Bombardieri, R. A. (1978). Behavioral functions of the Mauthner neuron. In Neurobiology of the Mauthner Cell (ed. D. S. Faber and H. Korn), pp. 221-244. Raven Press, New York.
31. Edwards, D. H., Heitler, W. J., Leise, E. M. & Fricke, R. A. (1991). Postsynaptic modulation of rectifying electrical sysnaptic inputs to the LG escape command neuron in crayfish. Journal of Neuroscience. 11, 2117-2129.
32. Evans, P. D., Kravitz, E. A. & Talamo, B. R. (1976). Octopamine release at two points along lobster nerve trunks. Journal of Physiology (Cambridge). 262, 71-89.
33. File, S. E., Hyde, J. R. G. & MacLeod, N. K. (1979). 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions of dorsal and median raphé nuclei and performance in the social interaction test of anxiety and in a home-cage aggression test. Journal of Affective Disorders. 1, 115-122.
34. Florey, E. & Rathmayer, M. (1978). The effects of octopamine and other amines on the heart and on neuromuscular transmission in decapod crustaceans: further evidence for a role as neurohormone. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 61C, 229-237.
35. Frost, W. N., Clark, G. A. & Kandel, E. R. (1988). Parallel processing of short-term memory for sensitizationin Aplysia. Journal of Neurobiology. 19, 297-334.
36. Garattini, S., Mennini, T. & Samanin, R. (1989). Reduction of food intake by manipulation of central serotonin: Current experimental results. British Journal of Psychiatry. 155 (suppl. 8), 41-51.
37. Ghirardi, M., Braha, O., Hochner, B., Montarolo, P. G., Kandel, E. R. & Dale, N. (1992). Roles of PKA and PKC in facilitation of evoked and spontaneous transmitter release at depressed and nondepressed synapses in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron. 9, 479-489.
38. Ghirardi, M., Montarolo P. G. & Kandel, E. R. (1995). A novel intermediate stage in the transition between short-and long-term facilitation in the sensory to motor neuron synapse of Aplysia. Neuron. 14, 413-420.
39. Glanzman, D. L., Kandel, E. R. & Schacher, S. (1990). Target-dependent structural changes accompanying long-term synaptic facilitation in Aplysia neurons. Science. 249, 799-802.
40. Glanzman, D. L. & Krasne, F. B. (1983). Serotonin and octopamine have opposite modulatory effects on the crayfish’s lateral giant escape reaction. Journal of Neuroscience. 3, 2263-2269.
41. Glanzman, D. L. & Krasne, F. B. (1986). 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions of crayfish serotonin-containing neurons: Effect on the lateral giant escape reaction. Journal of Neuroscience. 6, 1560-1569.
42. Glanzman, D. L., Mackey, S. L., Hawkins, R. D., Dyke, A. M., Lloyd, P. E. & Kandel, E. R. (1989). Depletion of serotonin in the nervous system of Aplysia reduces the behavioral enhancement of gill withdrawal as well as the heterosynaptic facilitation produced by tail shock. Journal of Neuroscience. 9, 4200-4213.
43. Glover, J. G. & Kramer, A. P. (1982). Serotonin analog selectively ablates identified neurons in the leech embryo. Science. 216, 317-319.
44. Glusman, S. & Kravitz, E. A. (1982). The action of serotonin on excitatory nerve terminals in lobster nervemuscle preparations. Journal of Physiology (Cambridge). 325, 223-241.
45. Golden, R. N., Gilmore, J. H., Corrigan, M. H. N., Ekstrom, R. D., Knight, B. T. & Garbutt, J. C. (1991). Serotonin, suicide, and aggression: Clinical studies. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 52 (suppl.), 61-69.
46. Golebiewski, H. & Romaniuk, A. (1985). The participation of serotonergic system in the regulation of emotional-defensive behavior evoked by intrahypothalamic carbachol injections in the cat. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis. 45, 25-36.
47. Goy, M. F. & Kravitz, E. A. (1989). Cyclic AMP only partially mediates the actions of serotonin at lobster neuromuscular junctions. Journal of Neuroscience. 9, 369-379.
48. Greenberg, S. M., Castellucci, V. F., Bayley, H. & Schwartz, J. H. (1987). A molecular mechanism for long-term sensitization in Aplysia. Nature. 329, 62-65.
49. Groome, J. R., Clark, M. & Lent, C. M. (1993). The behavioural state of satiation in the leech is regulated by body distension and mimicked by serotonin depletion. Journal of Experimental Biology. 182, 265-270.
50. Groome, J. R. & Lent, C. M. (1991). Thermal and chemical inputs differentially affect serotonin neurons that express feeding by the medicinal leech. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 17, 198.
51. Gustafson, T., Lundgren, B. & Treufeldt, R. (1972). Serotonin and contractile activity in the echinopluteus. A study of the cellular basis of larval behavior. Experimental Cell Research. 72, 115-139.
52. Hackett, J. T. & Faber, D. S. (1983). Mauthner axon networks mediating supraspinal components of the startle response in goldfish. Neuroscience. 8, 317-331.
53. Halton, D. W., Maule, A. G., Johnston, C. F. & Fairweather, I. (1987). Occurrence of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in the nervous system of a monogenean, Diclidophora merlangi. Parasitology Research 74, 151-154.
54. Harris-Warrick, R. M. (1985). Amine modulation of extension command element-evoked motor activity in the lobster abdomen. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 156, 875-884.
55. Harris-Warrick, R. M. & Kravitz, E. A. (1984). Cellular mechanisms for modulation of posture by octopamine and serotonin in the lobster. Journal of Neuroscience. 4, 1976-1993.
56. Hartline, D. K. (1979). Integrative neurophysiology of the lobster cardiac ganglion. American Zoologist. 19, 53-65.
57. Hawkins, R. D. (1989). Localization of potential serotonergic facilitator neurons in Aplysia by glyoxylic acid histofluorescence combined with retrograde fluorescent labeling. Journal of Neuroscience. 9, 4214-4226.
58. 28 are excited by cutaneous stimuli used in dishabituation, sensitization, and classical conditioning of Aplysia. Journal of Neuroscience. 9, 4236-4245.
59. Helluy, S. & Holmes, J. C. (1990). Serotonin, octopamine and the clinging behavior induced by the parasite Polymorphus paradoxus (Acanthocephala) in Gammarus lacustris (Crustacea). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 68, 1214-1220.
60. Hen, R. (1992). Of mice and flies: Commonalities among 5-HT receptors. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 13, 160-165.
61. Hochner, B., Klein, M., Schacher, S. & Kandel, E. R. (1986). Additional component in the cellular mechanism of presynaptic facilitation contributes to behavioral dishabituation in Aplysia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 83, 8794-8798.
62. Horvitz, H. R., Chalfie, M., Trent, C., Sulston, J. E. & Evans, P. D. (1982). Serotonin and octopamine in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Science. 216, 1012-1014.
63. Huber, R. & Kravitz, E. A. (1995). A quantitative analysis of agonistic behavior in juvenile American lobsters (Homarus americanus L.). Brain, Behavior and Evolution 46, 72-83.
64. Joëis, M., Pennartz, C. M. A., Sijbesma, H. & Schipper, J. (1990). Eltoprazine suppresses hyperpolarizing responses to serotonin in rat hippocampus. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 253, 284-289.
65. Kaang, B.-K., Kandel, E. R. & Grant, S. G. N. (1993). Activation of cAMP-responsive genes by stimuli that produce long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 10, 427-435.
66. Kandel, E. R., Klein, M., Bailey, C. H., Hawkins, R. D., Castellucci, V. F., Lubit, B. W. & Schwartz, J. H. (1981). Serotonin, cyclic AMP, and the modulation of the calcium current during behavioral arousal. In Serotonin Neurotransmission and Behavior (ed. B. L. Jacobs and A. Gelperin), pp. 2112-254. MIT Press, Cambridge.
67. Kandel, E. R. & Schwartz, J. H. (1982). Molecular biology of learning: Modulation of transmitter release. Science. 218, 433-443.
68. Katz, P. S., Eigg, M. H. & Harris-Warrick, R. M. (1989). Serotonergic/cholinergic muscle receptor cells in the crab stomatogastric nervous system: I. Identification and characterization of the gastropyloric receptor cells. Journal of Neurophysiology. 62, 558-570.
69. Katz, P. S. & Frost, W. N. (1995a). Intrinsic neuromodulation in the Tritonia swim CPG: The serotonergic dorsal swim interneurons act presynaptically to enhance transmitter release from interneuron C2. Journal of Neuroscience. 15, 6035-6045.
70. Katz, P. S. & Frost, W. N. (1995b). Intrinsic neuromodulation in the Tritonia swim CPG: Serotonin mediates both neuromodulation and neurotransmission by the dorsal swim interneurons. Journal of Neurophysiology. 74, 2281-2294.
71. Katz, P. S., Getting, P. A. & Frost, W. N. (1994). Dynamic neuromodulation of synaptic strength intrinsic to a central pattern generator circuit. Nature. 367, 729-731.
72. Katz, P. S. & Harris-Warwick, R. M. (1989). Serotonergic/cholinergic muscle receptor cells in the crab stomatogastric nervous system: II. Rapid nicotinic and prolonged modulatory effects on neurons in the stomatogastric ganglion. Journal of Neurophysiology. 62, 571-581.
73. Katz, P. S. & Harris-Warrick, R. M. (1990a). Actions of identified neuromodulatory neurons in a simple motor system. Trends in Neurosciences. 13, 367-373.
74. Katz, P. S. & Harris-Warrick, R. M. (1990b). Neuromodulation of the crab pyloric central pattern generator by serotonergic/cholinergic proprioceptive afferents. Journal of Neuroscience. 10, 1495-1512.
75. Katz, P. S. & Harris-Warrick, R. M. (1991). Recruitment of crab gastric mill neurons into the pyloric motor pattern by mechanosensory afferent stimulation. Journal of Neurophysiology. 65, 1442-1451.
76. Kiehn, O. & Harris-Warrick, R. M. (1992a). Serotonergic stretch receptors induce plateau properties in a crustacean motor neuron by a dual-conductance mechanism. Journal of Neurophysiology. 68, 485-495.
77. Kiehn, O. & Harris-Warrick, R. M. (1992b). 5-HT modulation of hyperpolarization-activated inward current and calcium-dependent outward current in a crustacean motor neuron. Journal of Neurophysiology. 68, 496-508.
78. Kistler, Jr., H. B., Hawkins, R. D., Koester, J., Steinbusch, H. W. M., Kandel, E. R. & Schwartz, J. H. (1985). Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive cell bodies and processes in the abdominal ganglion of mature Aplysia. Journal of Neuroscience. 5, 72-80.
79. Klein, M., Hochner, B. & Kandel, E. R. (1986). Facilitatory transmitters and cAMP can modulate accommodation as well as transmitter release in Aplysia sensory neurons: Evidence for parallel processing in a single cell. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 83, 7994-7998.
80. Kohen, D. (1993). Eltoprazine for aggression in mental handicap (letter). Lancet. 341, 628-629.
81. Kravitz, E. A. (1988). Hormonal control of behavior: Amines and the biasing of behavioral output in lobsters. Science. 241, 1775-1781.
82. Kravitz, E. A., Glusman, S., Harris-Warrick, R. M., Livingstone, M. S., Schwartz, T. & Goy, M. F. (1980). Amines and a peptide as neurohormones in lobsters: Actions on neuromuscular preparations and preliminary behavioural studies. Journal of Experimental Biology. 89, 159-175.
83. Kravitz, E. A., Glusman, S., Livingstone, M. S. & Harris-Warrick, R. M. (1981). Serotonin and octopamine in the lobster nervous system: Mechanism of action at neuromuscular junctions and preliminary behavioral studies. In Serotonin Neurotransmission and Behavior (ed. B. L. Jacobs and A. Gelperin), pp. 189-210. MIT Press, Cambridge.
84. Kristan, W. B. & Nusbaum, M. P. (1983). The dual role of serotonin in leech swimming. Journal of Physiology(Paris). 78, 743-747.
85. Kupfermann, I. & Weiss, K. R. (1981). The role of serotonin in arousal of feeding behavior of Aplysia. In Serotonin Neurotransmission and Behavior (ed. B. L. Jacobs and A. Gelperin), pp. 255-287. MIT Press, Cambridge.
86. Kupfermann, I. & Weiss, K. R. (1982). Activity of an identified serotonergic neuron in free moving Aplysia correlates with behavioral arousal. Brain Research. 241, 334-337.
87. Lent, C. M. (1985). Serotonergic modulation of the feeding behavior of the medicinal leech. Brain Research Bulletin. 14, 643-55.
88. Lent, C. M. & Dickinson, M. H. (1984). Serotonin integrates the feeding behavior of the medicinal leech. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 154, 457-471.
89. Lent, C. M. & Dickinson, M. H. (1987). On the termination of ingestive behaviour by the medicinal leech. Journal of Experimental Biology. 131, 1-15.
90. Lent, C. M., Dickinson, M. H. & Marshall, C. G. (1989). Serotonin and leech feeding behavior: obligatory neuromodulation. American Zoologist. 29, 1241-1254.
91. Lent, C. M., Zundel, D., Freedman, E. & Groome, J. R. (1991). Serotonin in the leech central nervous system: Anatomical correlates and behavioral effects. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 168, 191-200.
92. Livingstone, M. S., Harris-Warrick, R. M. & Kravitz, E. A. (1980). Serotonin and octopamine produce opposite postures in lobsters. Science. 208, 76-79.
93. Livingstone, M. S., Schaeffer, S. F. & Kravitz, E. A. (1981). Biochemistry and ultrastructure of serotonergic nerve endings in the lobster: Serotonin and octopamine are contained in different nerve endings. Journal of Neurobiology. 12, 27-54.
94. Longley, R. D. & Longley, A. J. (1986). Serotonin immunoreactivity of neurons in the gastropod Aplysia californica. Journal of Neurobiology 17, 339-358.
95. 3H]imipramine binding and 5-HT uptake. Brain Research. 264, 344-348.
96. Ma, P. M., Beltz, B. S. & Kravitz, E. A. (1992). Serotonin-containing neurons in lobsters: Their role as “gain-setters” in postural control mechanisms. Journal of Neurophysiology. 68, 36-54.
97. I in the cerebral ganglia of Aplysia produce presynaptic facilitation of siphon sensory neurons. Journal of Neuroscience. 9, 4227-4235.
98. Maler, L. & Ellis, W. G. (1987). Inter-male aggressive signals in weakly aggressive fish are modulated by monoamines. Behavioural Brain Research. 25, 75-81.
99. Mangan, P. S., Cometa, A. K. & Friesen, W. O. (1994). Modulation of swimming behavior in the medicinal leech. IV. Serotonin-induced alteration of synaptic interactions between neurons of the swim circuit. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 175, 723-736.
100. Mann, J. J., Arango, V., Marzuk, P. M., Theccanat, S. & Reis, D. J. (1989). Evidence for the 5-HT hypothesis of suicide: A review of post-mortem studies. British Journal of Psychiatry. 155 (suppl. 8), 7-14.
101. Maule, A. G., Halton, D. W., Allen, J. M. & Fairweather, I. (1989). Studies on motility in vitro of an ectoparasitic monogenean, Diclidophora merlangi. Parasitology. 98, 85-93.
102. Maule, A. G., Halton, D. W., Johnston, C. F., Shaw, C. & Fairweather, I. (1990). A cytochemical study of the serotoninergic, cholinergic and peptidergic components of the reproductive system in the monogenean parasite, Diclidophora merlangi. Parasitology Research 76, 409-419.
103. Mayford, M., Barzilai, A., Keller, F., Schacher, S. & Kandel, E. R. (1992). Modulation of an NCAM-related adhesion molecule with long-term synaptic plasticity in Aplysia. Science. 256, 638-644.
104. McCall, R. B. & Aghajanian, G. K. (1979). Serotonergic facilitation of facial motoneuron excitation. Brain Research. 169, 11-27.
105. McClellan, A. D., Brown, G. D. & Getting, P. A. (1994). Modulation of swimming in Tritonia: Excitatory and inhibitory effects of serotonin. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 174, 257-266.
106. Mccormick, D. A. (1992a). Neurotransmitter actions in the thalamus and cerebral cortex. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology. 9, 212-223.
107. McCormick, D. A. (1992b). Neurotransmitter actions in the thalamus and cerebral cortex and their role in neuromodulation of thalamocortical activity. Progress in Neurobiology 39, 337-388.
108. McIntosh, T. K. & Barfield, R. J. (1984). Brain monoaminergic control of male reproductive behavior. I. Serotonin and the post-ejaculatory refractory period. Behavioral Brain Research. 12, 255-265.
109. Miczek, K. A., Weerts, E., Haney, M. & Tidey, J. (1994). Neurobiological mechanisms controlling aggression: Preclinical developments for pharmacotherapeutic interventions. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 18, 97-110.
110. Mintz, I., Gotow, T., Triller, A. & Korn, H. (1989). Effect of serotonergic afferents on quantal release at central inhibitory synapses. Science. 245, 190-192.
111. Mintz, I. & Korn, H. (1991). Serotonergic facilitation of quantal release at central inhibitory synapses. Journal of Neuroscience. 11, 3359-3370.
112. Molina, V., Ciesielski, L., Gobaille, S., Isel, F. & Mandel, P. (1987). Inhibition of mouse killing behavior by serotonin-mimetic drugs: Effects of partial alterations of serotonin neurotransmission. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 27, 123-131.
113. Montarolo, P. G., Goelet, P., Castellucci, V. F., Morgan, J., Kandel, E. R. & Schacher, S. (1986). A critical period for macromolecular synthesis in long-term heterosynaptic facilitation in Aplysia. Science. 234, 1249-1254.
114. Mos, J., Olivier, B., Poth, M. & Van Aken, H. (1992). The effects of intraventricular administration of eltoprazine, I-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride and 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin on resident intruder aggression in the rat. European Journal of Pharmacology. 212, 295-298.
115. Nielsen, D. A., Goldman, D., Virkkunen, M., Tokola, R., Rawlings, R. & Linnoila, M. (1994). Suicidality and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration associated with a tryptophan hydroxylase polymorphism. Archives of General Psychiatry. 51, 34-38.
116. Nusbaum, M. P. (1986). Synaptic basis of swim initiation in the leech. III. Synaptic effects of serotonin-containing interneurones (cells 21 and 61) on swim CPG neurones (cells 18 and 208). Journal of Experimental Biology. 122, 303-321.
117. Nusbaum, M. P. & Kristan, W. B. (1986). Swim initiation in the leech by serotonin-containing interneurones, cells 21 and 61. Journal of Experimental Biology. 122, 277-302.
118. Ono, J. K. & McCaman, R. E. (1984). Immunocytochemical localization and direct assays of serotonin-containing neurons in Aplysia. Neuroscience. 11, 549-560.
119. Papadopoulos, G. C. & Parnavelas, J. G. (1991). Monoamine systems in the cerebral cortex: Evidence for anatomical specificity. Progress in Neurobiology. 36, 195-200.
120. Parent, A. (1981). The anatomy serotonin-containing neurons across phylogeny. In Serotonin Neurotransmission and Behavior (ed. B. L. Jacobs and A. Gelperin), pp. 3-34. MIT Press, Cambridge.
121. Pasztor, V. M. & Bush, B. M. H. (1987). Peripheral modulation of mechanosensitivity in primary afferent neurons. Nature. 326, 793-795.
122. Raleigh, M. J. & McGuire, M. T. (1991). Bidirectional relationships between tryptophan and social behavior in vervet monkeys. In Kynurenine and Serotonin Pathways (ed. R. Schwarcz, S. N. Young and R. R. Brown), pp. 289-298. Plenum Press, New York.
123. Raleigh, M. J., McGuire, M. T., Brammer, G. L., Pollack, D. B. & Yuwiler, A. (1991). Serotonergic mechanisms promote dominance acquisition in adult male vervet monkeys. Brain Research. 559, 181-190.
124. Rapport, M. M., Green, A. A. & Page, I. H. (1948). Serum vasoconstrictor (serotonin). IV. Isolation and characterization. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 176, 1243-1251.
125. 1 control mucusrelease in Aplysia. Journal of Neurophysiology. 49, 864-876.
126. Remler, M., Selverston, A. & Kennedy, D. (1968). Lateral giant fibers of crayfish: location of somata by dye injection. Science. 162, 281-283.
127. Robertson, H. A. & Juorio, A. V. (1976). Octopamine and some related noncatecholic amines in invertebrate nervous systems. International Review of Neurobiology. 19, 173-224.
128. Rock, M. K., Hackett, J. T. & Brown, D. L. (1981. Does the Mauthner cell conform to the criteria of the command neuron concept. Brain Research. 204, 21-27.
129. Rosen, S. C., Kupfermann, I., Goldstein, R. S. & Weiss, K. (1983). Lesion of a serotonergic modulatory neuron in Aplysia produces a specific defect in feeding behavior. Brain Research. 260, 151-155.
130. Rosen, S. C., Teyke, T., Miller, M. W., Weiss, K. R. & Kupfermann, I. (1991). Identification and characterization of cerebral-to-buccal interneurons implicated in the control of motor programs associated with feeding in Aplysia. Journal of Neuroscience. 11, 3630-3655.
131. Rosen, S. C., Weiss, K. R., Cohen, J. L. & Kupfermann, I. (1982). Interganglionic cerebral-buccal mechanoafferents of Aplysia: receptive fields and synaptic connections to difierent classes of neurons involved in feeding behavior. Journal of Neurophysiology. 48, 271-287.
132. Rosen, S. C., Weiss, K. R., Goldstein, R. S. & Kupfermann, I. (1989). The role of a modulatory neuron in feeding and satiation in Aplysia: Effects of lesioning of the serotonergic metacerebral cells. Journal of Neuroscience. 9, 1562-1578.
133. Saller, C. F. & Stricker, E. M. (1976). Hyperphagia and increased growth in rats after intraventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Science. 192, 385-387.
134. IB receptor. Science. 265, 1875-1878.
135. Schacher, S., Glanzman, D., Barzilai, A., Dash, P., Grant, S. G. N., Keller, F., Mayford, M. & Kandel, E. R. (1990). Long-term facilitation in Aplysia: Persistent phosphorylation and structural changes. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 55, 187-202.
136. Schatzberg, A. F. & Cole, J. O. (1991). Manual of Clinical Psychopharmacology. American Psychiatric Press, Washington D.C.
137. Schneider, H., Trimmer, B. A., Rapus, J., Eckert, M., Valentine, D. E. & Kravitz, E. A. (1993). Mapping of octopamine-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system of the lobster. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 329, 129-142.
138. Scrivener, J. C. E. (1971). Agonistic Behaviour of the American Lobster Homarus americanus (Milne-Edwards). Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Technical Report Number 235, Nanaimo, British Columbia.
139. 1 receptors and offensive aggression in rats: A combined behavioural and autoradiographic study with eltoprazine. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 38, 47-458.
140. Siwicki, K. K., Beltz, B. S. & Kravitz, E. A. (1987). Proctolin in identified serotonergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic neurons in the lobster, Homarus americanus. Journal of Neuroscience 7, 522-532.
141. Smith, D. E., King, M. D. & Hoebel, B. G. (1970). Lateral hypothalamic control of killing: Evidence for a cholinoceptive mechanism. Science. 167, 900-901.
142. Szczupak, L. & Kristan, W. B. (1995). Widespread mechanosensory activation of the serotonergic system of the medicinal leech. Journal of Neurophysiology. 74, 2614-2624.
143. Teyke, T., Weiss, K. R. & Kupfermann, I. (1990). An identified neuron (CPR) evokes neuronal responses reflecting food arousal in Aplysia. Science. 247, 85-87.
144. Teyke, T., Weiss, K. R. & Kupfermann, I. (1991). Activity of identified cerebral neuron correlates with food-induced withdrawal in Aplysia. Neuroscience Letters. 133, 307-310.
145. Thor, K. B. & Helke, C. J. (1987). Serotonin-and substance P-containing projections to the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat. Journal of Compararative Neurology. 265, 275-293.
146. Tiihonen, J., Hakola, P., Paanila, J. & Turtiainen, M. (1993). Eltoprazine for aggression in schizophrenia and mental retardation (letter). Lancet. 341, 307.
147. Toneby, M. (1977). Determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine in early Echinoderm embryos. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 58C, 77-83.
148. Törk, I. & Hornung, J.-P. (1990). Raphe nuclei and the serotonergic system. In The Human Nervous System (ed. G. Paxinos), pp. 1001-1022. Academic Press, San Diego.
149. Trudeau, L.-E. & Castellucci, V. F. (1995). Postsynaptic modifications in long-term facilitation in Aplysia: Upregulation of excitatory amino acid receptors. Journal of Neuroscience. 15, 1275-1284.
150. Umbriaco, D., Anctil, M. & Descarries, L. (1990). Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the Cnidarian Renilla koellikeri. Journal of Comparative Neurology 291, 167-178.
151. Van Praag, H. M., Plutchik, R. & Conte, H. (1986). The serotonin hypothesis of (auto)aggression: Critical appraisal of the evidence. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 487, 150-167.
152. Vergnes, M., Depaulis, A. & Boehrer, A. (1986). Parachlorophenylalanine-induced serotonin depletion increases offensive but not defensive aggression in male rats. Physiology and Behavior. 36, 653-658.
153. Vergnes, M., Depaulis, A., Boehrer, A. & Kempf, E. (1988). Selective increase of offensive behavior in the rat following intrahypothalamic 5,7-DHT-induced serotonin depletion. Behavioural Brain Research 29, 85-91.
154. Vergnes, M. & Kempf, E. (1982). Effect of hypothalamic injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on elicitation of mouse-killing in rats. Behavioural Brain Research. 5, 387-397.
155. Verhoeven, W. M. A., Tuinier, S., Sijben, N. A. S., Van DenBerg, Y. W. H. M., De Witte-Van der Schoot, E. P. P. M., Pepplinkhuizen, L. & Van Nieuwenhuizen, O. (1992). Eltoprazine in mentally retarded self-injuring patients (letter). Lancet. 340, 1037-1038.
156. Vu, E. T. & Krasne, F. B. (1993). Crayfish tonic inhibition: Prolonged modulation of behavioral excitability by classical GABAergic inhibition. Journal of Neuroscience. 13, 4394-4402.
157. Weiss, K. R., Chiel, H. J., Koch, U. & Kupfermann, I. (1986a). Activity of an identified histaminergic neuron, and its possible role in arousal of feeding behavior in semi-intact Aplysia. Journal of Neuroscience. 6, 2403-2415.
158. Weiss, K. R., Chiel, H. J. & Kupfermann, I. (1986b). Sensory function and gating of histaminergic neuron C2 in Aplysia. Journal of Neuroscience. 6, 2416-2426.
159. Weiss, K. R., Shapiro, E. & Kupfermann, I. (1986c). Modulatory synaptic actions of an identified histaminergic neuron on the serotonergic metacerebral cell of Aplysia. Journal of Neuroscience. 6, 2393-2402.
160. Welsh, J. H. (1957). Serotonin as a possible neurohumoral agent: Evidence obtained in lower animals. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 66, 618-630.
161. Welsh, J. H. (1970). Phylogenetic aspects of the distribution of biogenic amines. In Biogenic Amines as Physiological Regulators (ed. J. J. Blum), pp. 75-94. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
162. Willard, A. L. (1981). Effects of serotonin on the generation of the motor program for swimming by the medicinal leech. Journal of Neuroscience. 1, 936-944.
163. Wine, J. J. (1984). The structural basis of an innate behavioural pattern. Journal of Experimental Biology. 112, 283-319.
164. Wood, J. G. & Lentz, T. L. (1964). Histochemical localization of amines in Hydra and in the sea anemone. Nature. 201, 88-90.
165. Wood, J. D. & Mayer, C. J. (1979). Serotonergic activation of tonic-type enteric neurons in guinea pig small bowel. Journal of Neurophysiology. 42, 582-593.
166. Yeh, S.-R., Fricke, R. A. & Edwards, D. H. (1996). The effect of social experience on serotonergic modulation of the escape circuit of crayfish. Science. 271, 366-369.
167. Yeh, S.-R., Opydyke, C. A. & Edwards, D. H. (1993). Mixed chemical and electrical synaptic inputs to the lateral giant interneuron of crayfish. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 19, 1602.
168. Yodyingyuad, U., De La Riva, C., Abbott, D. H., Herbert, J. & Keverne, E. B. (1985). Relationship between dominance hierarchy, cerebrospinal fluid levels of amine transmitter metabolites (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid) and plasma cortisol in monkeys. Neuroscience. 16, 851-858.
169. Zemlan, F. P., Ward, I. L., Crowley, W. R. & Margules, D. L. (1973). Activation of lordotic responding in female rats by suppression of serotonergic activity. Science. 179, 1010-1011.
170. Zhang, B. & Harris-Warrick, R. M. (1994). Multiple receptor mediate the modulatory effects of serotonergic neurons in a small neural network. Journal of Experimental Biology. 190, 55-77.
171. Zhang, B. & Harris-Warrick, R. M. (1995). Calcium-dependent plateau potentials in a crab stomatogastric ganglion motor neuron. I. Calcium current and its modulation by serotonin. Journal of Neurophysiology. 74, 1929-1937.
172. Zhang, B., Wootton, J. F. & Harris-Warrick, R. M. (1995). Calcium-dependent plateau potentials in a crab stomatogastric ganglion motor neuron. II. Calcium-activated slow inward current. Journal of Neurophysiology. 74, 1938-1946.