Application of NMR spectroscopy to environmental analysis: Detection of trace amounts of chemical warfare agents and related compounds in organic extract, water, and sand

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 518-522

  Mesilaakso, Markku T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL WARFARE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SAND; SOIL POLLUTION; WATER ANALYSIS; WATER CONTAMINATION;

EID: 0031014562     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es960352z     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. Warning: In view of their toxicity, the compounds classified as chemical warfare agents [in this work: O-cyclopentyl S-2-(diethylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothiolate and bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine] should be handled only in specialized laboratories.
2. (a) F.1 Testing of Existing Procedures, (b) F.2 Testing of Procedures on Simulated Industry Samples. (c) F.3 Testing of Procedures on Simulated Military Facility Samples. (d) F.4 Validating of Procedures for Water and Soil Samples. F. International Interlaboratory Comparison (Round Robin) Test for the Verification of Chemical Disarmament. In Methodology and Instrumentation for Sampling and Analysis in the Verification of Chemical Disarmament; Rautio, M., Ed.; The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Helsinki, 1990-1993.
3. H.I First Interlaboratory Comparison Test. H. Interlaboratory Comparison Test Coordinated by the Provisional Technical Secretariat for the Preparatory Commission for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. In Methodology and Instrumentation for Sampling and Analysis in the Verification of Chemical Disarmament; Rautio, M., Ed.; The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Helsinki, 1994.
4. D.1 A Proposal for Procedures Supporting the Reference Database. D.2 Second Proposal for Procedures Supporting the Reference Database. D. Standard Operating Procedures for the Verification of Chemical Disarmament. In Methodology and Instrumentation for Sampling and Analysis in the Verification of Chemical Disarmament; Rautio, M., Ed.; The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Helsinki, 1988-1989.
5. Recommended Operating Procedures for Sampling and Analysis in the Verification of Chemical Disarmament; Rautio, M., Ed.; The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Helsinki, 1993.
6. Recommended Operating Procedures for Sampling and Analysis in the Verification of Chemical Disarmament; Rautio, M., Ed.; The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Helsinki, 1994.
7. 31P, and 2D NMRSpectrum Library of Chemical Warfare Agents and Related Compounds has been developed.
8. Martin, G. E.; Zektzer, A. S. In Two-Dimensional NMR Methods for Establishing Molecular Connectivity: A Chemist's Guide to Experiment Selection, Performance, and Interpretation; VCH Publishers, Inc.: New York, 1988.
9. Ref 2d, pp 81 and 209.
10. Ref 3, pp 85-102 and 203-218.
11. Wils, E. R. J.; Hulst, A. G.; Verwiel, P. E. J.; van Krimpen, S. H.; Niederhauser, A. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1992, 343, 297.
12. Mesilaakso, M.; Tolppa, E-L. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 2313.
13. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction; Signed in January 1993; Printed and distributed by the Provisional Technical Secretariat of the Preparatory Commission for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. The Depositary of this Convention is the Secretary-General of the United Nations from whom a certified true copy can be obtained.
14. Ref 8, pp 58-71.
15. Derome, A. E. In Modern NMR Techniques for Chemistry Research; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1987; pp 172-173.