Social phobia, avoidant personality disorder and atypical depression: Co-occurrence and clinical implications

Psychological Medicine

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 627-633

  Alpert, J E ^a   Uebelacker, L A ^a   McLean, N E ^a   Nierenberg, A A ^a   Pava, J A ^a   Worthington III, J J ^a   Tedlow, J R ^a   Rosenbaum, J F ^a   Fava, M ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASSERTIVENESS; AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; ONSET AGE; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PREVALENCE; SOCIAL ADAPTATION; SOCIAL PHOBIA;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COMORBIDITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MASSACHUSETTS; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONALITY DISORDERS; PHOBIC DISORDERS; PREVALENCE; SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR DISORDERS;

EID: 0031011299     PISSN: 00332917     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291797004765     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Alpert, J. E., Fava, M., Uebelacker, L. A., Nierenberg, A. A., Pava, J. A. & Rosenbaum, J. F. (1995). Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity among depressed adults with childhood onset depression: Axis I disorders. Paper presented at the 148th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Miami, Florida.
2. Deltito, J. A. & Stam, M. (1989). Psychopharmacological treatment of avoidant personality disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 30, 498-504.
3. Dilsaver, S. C., Qamar, A. B. & Del Medico, V. J. (1992). Secondary social phobia in patients with major depression. Psychiatric Research 44, 33-40.
4. Fava, M., Alpert, J. E., Borus, J. S., Nierenberg, A. A., Pava, J. & Rosenbaum, J. F. (1995). Personality disorders in early-vs. late-onset MDD. Paper presented at the 148th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Miami, Florida.
5. Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 23, 56-62.
6. Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Schneier, F. R., Spitzer, R. L. & Leibowitz, M. L. (1993). The issue of subtypes in the diagnosis of social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 1, 249-270.
7. Herbert, J. D., Hope, D. A. & Bellack, A. S. (1992). Validity of the distinction between generalized social phobia and avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 101, 332-339.
8. Holt, C. S., Heimberg, R. G. & Hope, D. A. (1992). Avoidant personality disorder and the generalized subtype of social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 101, 318-325.
9. Jansen, M., Arntz, A., Merchkelback, H. & Mersch, P. (1994). Personality disorders and features in social phobia and panic disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 103, 391-395.
10. Johnson, M. R. & Lydiard, R. B. (1995). Personality disorders in social phobia. Psychiatric Annals 25, 555-563.
11. Kushner, M. G., Sher, K. J. & Beitman, B. D. (1990). The relation between alcohol problems and the anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry 147, 685-695.
12. Leibowitz, M. R., Schneier, F., Campeas, R., Hollander, E., Hatterer, J., Fye, A. J., Gorman, J. M., Papp, L., Davies, S., Gulley, R. & Klein, D. R. (1992). Phenelzine vs. atenolol in social phobia: a placebo-controlled comparison. Archives of General Psychiatry 49, 290-300.
13. Magee, W. J., Eaton, W. W., Wittchen, H., McGonagle, K. A. & Kessler, R. C. (1996). Agoraphobia, simple phobia, and social phobia in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry 53, 159-168.
14. Mannuzza, S., Schneier, F. R., Chapman, T. F., Liebowitz, M. R., Klein, D. F. & Fyer, A. J. (1995). Generalized social phobia. Archives of General Psychiatry 52, 230-237.
15. Markowitz, J. C., Moran, M. E., Kocsis, J. H. & Frances, A. J. (1992). Prevalence and comorbidity of dysthymic disorder among psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Affective Disorders 24, 63-71.
16. Pepper, C. M., Klein, D. N., Anderson, R. L., Riso, L. P., Ouimette, C. & Lizardi, H. (1995). Axis II comorbidity in dysthymia and major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 152, 239-247.
17. Perry, J. C., (1992). Problems and considerations in the valid assessment of personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry 149, 1645-1653.
18. Rathus, S. A. (1973). A 30-item schedule for assessing assertive behavior. Behavior Therapy 4, 398-400.
19. Reich, J., Noyes, R. J. & Yates, W. (1989). Alprazolam treatment of avoidant personality traits in social phobic patients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 50, 91-95.
20. Sanderson, W. C., Beck, A. T. & Beck, J. (1990). Syndrome comorbidity in patients with major depression or dysthymia: prevalence and temporal relationships. American Journal of Psychiatry 147, 1025-1028.
21. Sanderson, W. C., Wetzler, S., Beck, A. T. & Betz, F. (1992). Prevalence of personality disorders among patients with major depression and dysthymia. Psychiatry Research 42, 93-99.
22. Sanderson, W. C., Wetzler, S., Beck, A. T. & Betz, F. (1994). Prevalence of personality disorders among patients with anxiety disorders. Psychiatry Research 51, 167-174.
23. Schneier, F. R., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, D., Fyer, A. & Leibowitz, M. R. (1991). The relationship of social phobia subtypes and avoidant personality disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 32, 496-502.
24. Schneier, F. R., Johnson, J., Hornig, C., Liebowitz, M. R. & Weissman, M. M. (1992). Social phobia: comorbidity and morbidity in an epidemiologic sample. Archives of General Psychiatry 49, 282-288.
25. Shea, M. T., Glass, D. R., Pilkonis, P. A., Watkins, J. & Docherty, J. P. (1987). Frequency and implications of personality disorders in a sample of depressed outpatients. Journal of Personality Disorders 1, 27-42.
26. Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Gibbon, M. B. & First, M. B. (eds.) (1989a). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-Patient Version (SCID-P, 9/1/1989 Version). Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute: New York.
27. Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Gibbon, M. & First, M. B. (1989b). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SCID-II, 9/1/89 Version). Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute: New York.
28. Stein, M. B., Tancer, M. E., Gelerntner, C. S., Vittone, B. J. & Uhde, T. W. (1990). Major depression in patients with social phobia. American Journal of Psychiatry 147, 637-639.
29. Stewart, J., McGrath, P. & Quitkin, F. (1992). Can mildly depressed patients with atypical depression benefit from antidepressants? American Journal of Psychiatry 149, 615-619.
30. Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C. & Townsley, R. M. (1992). Social phobia: comparison of specific and generalized subtypes and avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 101, 326-331.
31. Van Ameringen, M., Mancini, C., Styan, C. & Doison, D. (1990). Relationship of social phobia with other psychiatric illness. Journal of Affective Disorders 21, 93-99.
32. Weissman, M. M. & Bothwell, S. (1976). Assessment of social adjustment by patient self-report. Archives of General Psychiatry 33, 1111-1115.
33. Widiger, T. A. (1992). Generalized social phobia versus avoidant personality disorder: a commentary on three studies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 101, 340-343.