Particle size determines the specificity of apolipoprotein E-containing triglyceride-rich emulsions for the LDL receptor versus hepatic remnant receptor in vivo

Journal of Lipid Research

Volumn 38, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 1070-1084

  Rensen, Patrick C N ^a   Herijgers, Nicole ^a   Netscher, Mark H ^a   Meskers, Stefan C J ^b   Van Eck, Miranda ^a   Van Berkel, Theo J C ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

apoC III; Chylomicrons; Conformation; Hepatic lipase; Lipoprotein lipase; Lipoproteins; Metabolism; Remnant lipoprotein; Transgenic mice

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN E; CHYLOMICRON; LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE; LIVER TRIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BINDING AFFINITY; CELL FRACTIONATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMULSION; ENDOCYTOSIS; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; LIPID TRANSPORT; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; LIVER PARENCHYMA; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PARTICLE SIZE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; RECEPTOR AFFINITY;

ANIMALS; APOLIPOPROTEINS E; BLOOD PROTEINS; CARBON RADIOISOTOPES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; CHYLOMICRONS; CIRCULAR DICHROISM; EMULSIONS; HUMANS; HYDROLYSIS; IODINE RADIOISOTOPES; LIVER; MALE; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT; PARTICLE SIZE; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; RECEPTORS, LDL; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TIME FACTORS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; TRIGLYCERIDES; TRITIUM;

EID: 0031010389     PISSN: 00222275     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Mahley, R. W. 1988. Apolipoprotein E: cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology. Science. 240: 622-630.
2. Weisgraber, K. H. 1994. Apolipoprotein E: structure- function relationships. Adv. Protein Chem. 45: 249-302.
3. Rensen, P. C. N., M. C. M. Van Dijk, E. C. Havenaar, M. K. Bijsterbosch, J. K. Kruijt, and T. J. C. Van Berkel. 1995. Selective targeting of antivirals by recombinant chylomicrons: a new therapeutic approach to hepatitis B. Nat. Med. 1: 221-225.
4. Mortimer, B. C., D. J. Beveridge, I. J. Martins, and T. G. Redgrave. 1995. Intracellular localization and metabolism of chylomicron remnants in the livers of low density lipoprotein-deficient mice and apoE-deficient mice: evidence for slow metabolism via an alternative apoE-dependent pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 28767-28776.
5. Osborne, J. C., Jr., G. Bengtsson-Olivecrona, N. S. Lee, and T. Olivecrona. 1985. Studies on inactivation of lipoprotein lipase: role of the dimer to monomer dissociation. Biochemistry 24: 5606-5611.
6. Ishikawa, Y., C. J. Fielding, and P. E. Fielding. 1988. A change in apolipoprotein B expression is required for the binding of apolipoprotein E to very low density lipoprotein. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 2744-2749.
7. Windler, E. E. T., J. Greeve, W. H. Daerr, and H. Greten. 1988. Binding of rat chylomicrons and their remnants to the hepatic low-density-lipoprotein receptor and its role in remnant removal. Biochem. J. 252: 553-561.
8. Jäckle, S., F. Rinninger, J. Greeve, H. Greten, and K. Windier. 1992. Regulation of the hepatic removal of chylomicron remnants and β-very low density lipoproteins in the rat. J. Lipid Res. 33: 419-429.
9. 2-macroglobulin receptor in chylomicron remnant removal in the mouse in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 15804-15811.
10. Ishibashi, S., M. S. Brown, J. L. Goldstein, R. D. Gerard, R. E. Hammer, and J. Herz. 1993. Hypercholesterolemia in low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice and its reversal by adenovirus-mediated gene delivery. J. Clin. Invest. 92: 883-893.
11. Ishibashi, S., J. Herz, N. Maeda, J. L. Goldstein, and M. S. Brown. 1994. The two-receptor model of lipoprotein clearance: tests of the hypothesis in "knockout" mice lacking the low density lipoprotein receptor, apolipoprotein E, or both proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91: 4431-4435.
12. Willnow, T. E., Z. Sheng, S. Ishibashi, and J. Herz. 1994. Inhibition of hepatic chylomicron remnant uptake by gene transfer of a receptor agonist. Science. 264: 1471-1474.
13. Herz, J., S. Q. Qiu, A. Oesterle, H. V. DeSilva, S. Shafi, and R. J. Havel. 1995. Initial hepatic removal of chylomicron remnants is unaffected but endocytosis is delayed in mice lacking the low density lipoprotein receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92: 4611-4615.
14. 2-macroglobulin-recognition site. Biochem. J. 279: 863-870.
15. Herz, J., U. Hamann, S. Rogne, O. Myklebost, H. Gausepohl, and K. K. Stanley. 1988. Surface location and high affinity for calcium of a 500-kD liver membrane protein closely related to the EDL-receptor suggest a physiological role as lipoprotein receptor. EMBO J. 7: 4119-4127.
16. Kowal, R. C., J. Herz, K. H. Weisgraber, R. W. Mahley, M. S. Brown, and J. L. Goldstein. 1990. Opposing effects of apolipoproteins E and C on lipoprotein binding to low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 10771-10779.
17. Ji, Z. S., W. J. Brecht, R. D. Miranda, M. M. Hussain, T. L. Innerarity, and R. W. Mahley. 1993. Role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the binding and uptake of apolipoprotein E-enriched remnant lipoproteins by cultured cells. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 10160-10167.
18. Beisiegel, U., W. Weber, and G. Bengtsson-Olivecrona. 1991. Lipoprotein lipase enhances the binding of chylomicrons to low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88: 8342-8346.
19. Shafi, S., S. E. Brady, A. Bensadoun, and R. J. Havel. 1994. Role of hepatic lipase in the uptake and processing of chylomicron remnants in rat liver. J. Lipid Res. 35: 709-720.
20. De Faria, E., L. G. Fong, M. Komaromy, and A. D. Cooper. 1996. Relative roles of the LDE receptor, the EDL receptor-like protein, and hepatic lipase in chylomicron remnant removal by the liver. J. Lipid Res. 37: 197-209.
21. Kita, T., J. L. Goldstein, M. S. Brown, Y. Watanabe, C. A. Hornick, and R. J. Havel. 1982. Hepatic uptake of chylomicron remnants in WHHL rabbits: a mechanism genetically distinct from the low density lipoprotein receptor. Proc. Natl, Acad. Sci. USA. 79: 3623-3627.
22. Schaefer, E. J., R. E. Gregg, G. Ghiselli, T. M. Forte, J. M. Ordovas, L. A. Zech, and H. B. Brewer, Jr. 1986. Familial apolipoprotein E deficiency. J. Clin. Invest. 78: 1206-1219.
23. Goldstein, J. L., and M. S. Brown. 1989. Familial hypercholesterolemia. In The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease. C. R. Scriver, A. L. Beaudet, W. S. Sly, and D. Valle, editors. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1215-1250.
24. Ghoi, S. Y., E. G. Fong, M. J. Kirven, and A. D. Cooper. 1991. Use of an anti-low density lipoprotein receptor anti- body to quantify the role of the LDL receptor in the removal of chylomicron remnants in the mouse in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 88: 1173-1181.
25. Yamada, N., D. M. Shames, K. Takahashi, and R. J. Havel. 1988. Metabolism of apolipoprotein B-100 in large very low density lipoproteins of blood plasma: kinetic studies in normal and Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. J. Clin. Invest. 82: 2106-2113.
26. Chappell, D. A. 1988. Pre-β-very low density lipoproteins as precursors of β-very low density lipoproteins: a model for the pathogenesis of familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (type III hyperlipoproteinemia). J. Clin. Invest. 82: 628-639.
27. Sehayek, E., and S. Eisenberg. 1991. Mechanisms of inhibition by apolipoprotein C of apolipoprotein E-dependent cellular metabolism of human triglyceride-rich lipoproteins through the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 18259-18267.
28. Gianturco, S. H., F. B. Brown, A. M. Gotto, Jr., and W. A. Bradley. 1982. Receptor-mediated uptake of hypertriglyceridemic very low density lipoproteins by normal human fibroblasts. J. Lipid Res. 23: 984-993.
29. Minis, M. P., M. R. Soma, and J. D. Morrisett. 1990. Effect of size and temperature on the conformation and physiological behavior of apolipoprotein E bound to model lipoprotein particles. Biochemistry. 29: 6639-6647.
30. Stalenhoef, A. F. H., M. J. Malloy, J. P. Kane, and R. J. Havel. 1984. Metabolism of apolipoproteins B-48 and B-100 of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in normal and lipoprotein lipase-deficient humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81: 1839-1843.
31. Windier, E., J. Greeve, S. Jäckle, F. Rinninger, C. Pox, D. Puchta, D. Petkova, H. Robenek, W. Daerr, and H. Greten. 1996. Endocytotic mechanisms for uptake and metabolism of chylomicron remnants in the liver. Z. Gastroenterol. 34(S3): 103-104.
32. Rensen, P. C. N., and T J. C. Van Berkel. 1996. Apolipoprotein E effectively inhibits lipoprotein lipase-mediated lipolysis of chylomicron-like triglyceride-rich emulsions in vitro and in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 14791-14799.
33. Vogel, T., K. H. Weisgraber, M. I. Zeevi, H. B. Ben-Artzi, A. Z. Levanon, S. C. Rall, Jr., T. L. Innerarity, D. Y. Hui, J. M. Taylor, D. Kanner, Z. Yavin, B. Amit, H. Aviv, M. Gorecki, and R. W. Mahley. 1985. Human apolipoprotein E expression in Escherichia coli: structural and functional identity of the bacterially produced protein with plasma apolipoprotein E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82: 8696-8700.
34. Redgrave, T. G., and R. C. Maranhao. 1985. Metabolism of protein-free lipid emulsion models of chylomicrons in rats. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 835: 104-112.
35. Lowry, O. H., N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 93: 265-275.
36. Redgrave, T. G., D. C. K. Roberts, and C. E. West. 1975. Separation of plasma lipoproteins by density-gradient ultracentrifugation. Anal. Biochem. 65: 42-49.
37. Bijsterbosch, M. K., H. F. Bakkeren, H. J. M. Kempen, H. C. P. F. Roelen, J. H. Van Boom, and T. J. C. Van Berkel. 1992. A monogalactosylated cholesterol derivative that specifically induces uptake of LDL by the liver. Arterioscler. Thromb. 12: 1153-1160.
38. Bijsterbosch, M. K., G. J. Ziere, and T. J. C. Van Berkel. 1989. Lactosylated low density lipoprotein: a potential carrier for the site-specific delivery of drugs to Kupffer cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 36: 484-489.
39. Yamada, N., and R. J. Havel. 1986. Measurement of apolipoprotein B radioactivity in whole blood plasma by precipitation with isopropanol. J. Lipid Res. 27: 910-912.
40. Bligh, E. G., and W. J. Dyer. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J. Biochem. Physiol. 37: 911-917.
41. Chen, Y. H., J. T. Yang, and H. M. Martinez. 1972. Determination of the secondary structures of proteins by circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion. Biochemistry. 11: 4120-4131.
42. Lund-Katz, S., K. H. Weisgraber, R. W. Mahley, and M. C. Phillips. 1993. Conformation of apolipoprotein E in lipoproteins. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 23008-23015.
43. Ziere, G. J., M. C. M. Van Dijk, M. K. Bijsterbosch, and T. J. C. Van Berkel. 1992. Lactoferrin uptake by the rat liver: characterization of the recognition site and effect of selective modification of arginine residues. J. Biol. Chem, 267: 11229-11235.
44. Liu, G., M. Hultin, P. Ostergaard, and T. Olivecrona. 1992. Interaction of size-fractionated heparins with lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in the rat. Biochem. J. 285: 731-736.
45. Chevreuil, O., M. Hultin, P. Ostergaard, and T. Olivecrona. 1993. Biphasic effects of low-molecular-weight and conventional heparins on chylomicron clearance in rats. Arterioscler. Thromb. 13: 1397-1403.
46. Havel, R. J. 1996. Dissection of steps mediating the hepatic uptake and catabolism of chylomicron remnants in rodents: removal from the blood and endocytosis into hepatocytes. Z. Gastroenterol. 34(S3): 99-102.
47. Beisiegel, U., A. Krapp, W. Weber, G. Olivecrona, and J. Gliemann. 1996. The role of lipases and LRP in the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Z. Gastroenterol. 32(S3): 108-109.
48. Everson, G. T., C. McKinley, and F. Kern, Jr. 1991. Mechanisms of gallstone formation in women: effects of exogenous estrogen (Premarin) and dietary cholesterol on hepatic lipid metabolism. J. Clin. Invest. 87: 237-246.
49. f 100-400 hypertriglyceridemic very low density lipoproteins by the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway in normal human fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 4526-4533.
50. Hui, D. Y., T. L. Innerarity, R. W. Milne, Y. L. Marcel, and R. W. Mahley. 1984. Binding of chylomicron remnants and β-very low density lipoproteins to hepatic and extrahepatic lipoprotein receptors: a process independent of apolipoprotein B48. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 15060-15068.
51. Huettinger, M., H. Retzek, M. Eder, and H. Goldenberg. 1988. Characteristics of chylomicron remnant uptake into rat liver. Clin. Biochem. 21: 87-92.
52. Windier, E., Y. S. Chao, and R. J. Havel. 1980. Regulation of the hepatic uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the rat: opposing effects of homologous apolipoprotein E and individual C apoproteins. J. Biol. Chem. 255: 8303-8307.
53. Ji, Z. S., and R. W. Mahley. 1994. Lactoferrin binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans and the LDL receptor-related protein: further evidence supporting the importance of direct binding of remnant lipoproteins to HSPG. Arterioscler. Thromb. 14: 2025-2032.
54. Mulder, M., P. Lombardi, H. Jansen, T. J. C. Van Berkel, R. R. Frants, and L. M. Havekes. 1993. Low density lipoprotein receptor internalizes low density and very low density lipoproteins that are bound to heparan sulfate proteoglycans via lipoprotein lipase. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 9369-9375.
55. Breedveld, B., K. Schoonderwoerd, P. C. N. Rensen, T. J. C. Van Berkel, and H. Jansen. 1996. Chylomicron remnant binding via hepatic lipase to rat liver plasma membranes is independent of LRP. Abstract book of the 66th Congress of the European Atherosclerosis Society, Florence, Italy, July 13-17, 1996.
56. Goldberg, I. J., J. J. Kandel, C. B. Blum, and H. N. Ginsberg. 1986. Association of plasma lipoproteins with post- heparin lipase activities. J. Clin. Invest. 78: 1523-1528.
57. Vilella, E., J. Joven, M. Fernández, S. Vilaró, J. D. Brunzell, T. Olivecrona, and G. Bengtsson-Olivecrona. 1993. Lipoprotein lipase in human plasma is mainly inactive and associated with cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. J. Lipid. Res. 34: 1555-1564.
58. Vilaró, S., M. Reina, I. Ramírez, and M. Llobera. 1986. Intralipid administration induces a lipoprotein lipase-like activity in the livers of starved adult rats. Biochem. J. 236: 273-278.
59. Sultan, F., D. Lagrange, H. Jansen, and S. Griglio. 1990. Inhibition of hepatic lipase activity impairs chylomicron remnant-removal in rats. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1042:150-152.
60. Willnow, T. E., J. L. Goldstein, K. Orth, M. S. Brown, and J. Herz. 1992. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and gp330 bind similar ligands, including plasminogen activator-inhibitor complexes and lactoferrin, an inhibitor of chylomicron remnant clearance. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 26172-26180.