Relative roles of the LDL receptor, the LDL receptor-like protein, and hepatic lipase in chylomicron remnant removal by the liver

Journal of Lipid Research

Volumn 37, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 197-209

  De Faria, Eliana ^a,b   Fong, Loren G ^a   Komaromy, Michael ^a   Cooper, Allen D ^a,b  

^a PALO ALTO MEDICAL FOUNDATION   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

chylomicron remnants; hepatic lipase; LDL receptor; lipoprotein; liver

Indexed keywords

CHYLOMICRON; LIVER TRIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FEMALE; LIPOLYSIS; LIVER METABOLISM; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PLASMA CLEARANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN LIPID INTERACTION;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; CHYLOMICRONS; FEMALE; LDL-RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEIN 1; LIPASE; LIVER; MICE; RATS; RECEPTORS, IMMUNOLOGIC; RECEPTORS, LDL;

EID: 0030069736     PISSN: 00222275     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Cooper, A. D. 1992. Hepatic clearance of plasma chylomicron remnants. Semin. Liver Dis. 12: 386-396.
2. Ishibashi, S., J. Herz, M. Maeda, J. L. Goldstein, and M. S. Brown. 1994. The two-receptor model of lipoprotein clearance: tests of the hypothesis in "knockout" mice lacking the low density lipoprotein receptor, apolipoprotein E, or both proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91: 4431-4435.
3. Willnow, T. E., S. A. Armstrong, R. E. Hammer, and J. Herz. 1995. Functional expression of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in controlled by receptor-associated protein in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92: 4537-4541.
4. Willnow, T. E., Z. Sheng, S. Ishibashi, and J. Herz. 1994. Inhibition of hepatic chylomicron remnant uptake by gene transfer of a receptor antagonist. Science. 264: 1471-1474.
5. Bihain, B. E., and F. T. Yen. 1992. Free fatty acids activate a high-affinity saturable pathway for degradation of low-density lipoproteins in fibroblasts from a subject homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia. Biochemistry. 31: 4628-4636.
6. 2-macroglobulin (low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein) on rat parenchymal cells. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 17732-17737.
7. Chang, S., S. H. Zhang, N. Maeda, and J. Borensztajn. 1994. Hepatic clearance of chylomicron remnants in mice lacking apoprotein E. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1215: 205-208.
8. Borensztajn, J., and T. J. Kotlar. 1981. Hepatic uptake of phospholipid-depleted chylomicrons in vivo. Biochem. J. 200: 547-553.
9. Borensztajn, J., G. S. Getz, and T. J. Kotlar. 1988. Uptake of chylomicron remnants by the liver: further evidence for the modulating role of phospholipids. J. Lipid Res. 29: 1087-1096.
10. Borensztajn, J., T. J. Kotlar, and S. Chang. 1991. Apoprotein-independent binding of chylomicron remnants to rat liver membranes. Biochem. J. 279: 769-773.
11. Ji, Z-S., S. Fazio, Y-L. Lee, and R. W. Mahley. 1994. Secretion-capture role for apolipoprotein E in remnant lipoprotein metabolism involving cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 2764-2772.
12. Sultan, F., D. Lagrange, H. Jansen, and S. Griglio. 1990. Inhibition of hepatic lipase activity impairs chylomicron remnant-removal in rats. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1042: 150-152.
13. Shafi, S., S. E. Brady, A. Bensadoun, and R. J. Havel. 1994. Role of hepatic lipase in the uptake and processing of chylomicron remnants in rat liver. J. Lipid Res. 35: 709-720.
14. Wisse, E., R. B. de Zanger, P. van der Smissen, and R. S. McCuskey. 1985. The liver sieve: considerations concerning the structure and function of endothelial fenestrae, the sinusoidal wall and the space of disse. Hepatology. 5: 683-692.
15. 2-macroglobulin receptor in chylomicron remnant removal in the mouse in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 15804-15811.
16. Choi, S. Y., M. C. Komaromy, J. Chen, L. G. Fong, and A. D. Cooper. 1994. Acceleration of uptake of LDL but not chylomicrons or chylomicron remnants by cells that secrete apoE and hepatic lipase. J. Lipid Res. 35: 848-859.
17. 2-macroglobulin. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 21232-21238.
18. Cooper, A. D., R. Nutik, and J. Chen. 1987. Characterization of the estrogen-induced lipoprotein receptor of rat liver. J. Lipid Res. 28: 59-68.
19. Komaromy, M. C., and M. Reed. 1991. Expression of rat hepatic lipase in heterologous systems: evidence for different sites for interface binding and catalysis. J. Lipid Res. 32: 963-975.
20. Cooper, A. D., and P. Y. S. Yu. 1978. Rates of removal and degradation of chylomicron remnants by isolated perfused rat liver. J. Lipid Res. 19: 635-643.
21. Ellsworth, J. L., F. B. Kraemer, and A. D. Cooper. 1987. Transport of β-very low density lipoproteins and chylomicron remnants by macrophages is mediated by the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 2316-2325.
22. Bilheimer, D. W., S. Eisenberg, and R. I. Levy. 1972. The metabolism of very low density lipoprotein proteins. I. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo observations. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 260: 212-221.
23. Kris-Etherton, P. M., and A. D. Cooper. 1980. Studies on the etiology of the hyperlipemia in rats fed an atherogenic diet. J. Lipid Res. 21: 435-442.
24. Choi, S. Y., L. G. Fong, M. J. Kirven, and A. D. Cooper. 1991. Use of an anti-LDL receptor antibody to quantify the role of the LDL receptor in the removal of chylomicron remnants in the mouse in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 88: 1173-1181.
25. Spady, D. K., D. W. Bilheimer, and J. M. Dietschy. 1983. Rates of receptor-dependent and -independent low density lipoprotein uptake in the hamster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 80: 3499-3503.
26. Nilsson-Ehle, P., and M. C. Schotz. 1976. A stable, radioactive substrate emulsion for assay of lipoprotein lipase. J. Lipid Res. 17: 536-541.
27. Ellsworth, J. L., S. K. Erickson, and A. D. Cooper. 1986. Very low and low density lipoprotein synthesis and secretion by the human hepatoma cell line Hep-G2: effects of free fatty acid. J. Lipid Res. 27: 858-874.
28. May, K., F. B. Kraemer, J. Chen, and A. D. Cooper. 1990. ELISA measurement of LDL receptors. J. Lipid Res. 31: 1683-1691.
29. Kraemer, F. B., S. A. Sather, B. Park, C. Sztalryd, V. Natu, K. May, H. Nishimura, I. Simpson, A. D. Cooper, and S. W. Cushman. 1994. Low density lipoprotein receptors in rat adipose cells: subcellular localization and regulation by insulin. J. Lipid Res. 35: 1760-1772.
30. Willnow, T. E., K. Orth, and J. Herz. 1994. Molecular dissection of ligand binding sites on the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 15827-15832.
31. Barnard, G. F., S. K. Erickson, and A. D. Cooper. 1984. Lipoprotein metabolism by rat hepatomas: studies on the etiology of defective dietary feedback inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. J. Clin. Invest. 74: 173-184.
32. Fraser, R., B. R. Dobbs, and G. W. T. Rogers. 1995. Lipoproteins and the liver sieve: the role of the fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium in lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis, and cirrhosis. Hepatology. 21: 863-874.
33. Medh, J. D., G. L. Fry, S. L. Bowen, M. W. Pladet, D. K. Strickland, and D. A. Chappell. 1995. The 39-kDa receptor-associated protein modulates lipoprotein catabolism by binding to LDL receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 536-540.
34. 2-macroglobulin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 13936-13940.
35. Mokuno, H., S. Brady, L. Kotite, J. Herz, and R. J. Havel. 1994. Effect of the 39-kDa receptor-associated protein on the hepatic uptake and endocytosis of chylomicron remnants and low density lipoproteins in the rat. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 13238-13243.
36. Orlando, R. A., and M. G. Farquhar. 1994. Functional domains of the receptor-associated protein (RAP). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91: 3161-3165.
37. Vassiliou, G., and K. K. Stanley. 1994. Exogenous receptor-associated protein binds to two distinct sites on human fibroblasts but does not bind to the glycosaminoglycan residues of heparin sulfate proteoglycans. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 15172-15178.
38. Ji, Z-S., and R. W. Mahley. 1994. Lactoferrin binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans and the LDL receptor-related protein: further evidence supporting the importance of direct binding of remnant lipoproteins to HSPG. Arterioscler. Thromb. 14: 2025-2032.
39. Herz, J., S-Q., Qiu, A. Oesterle, H. V. DeSilva, S. Shafi, and R. J. Havel. 1995. Initial hepatic removal of chylomicron remnants is unaffected but endocytosis is delayed in mice lacking the low density lipoprotein receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92: 4611-4615.
40. Bowler, A., T. G. Redgrave, and J. C. L. Mamo. 1991. Chylomicron-remnant clearance in homozygote and heterozygote Watanabe-heritable-hyperlipidaemic rabbits is defective. Biochem. J. 276: 381-386.
41. Hussain, M. M., T. L. Innerarity, W. J. Brecht, and R. W. Mahley. 1995. Chylomicron metabolism in normal, cholesterol-fed, and Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 8578-8587.
42. Havel, R. J. 1994. Postprandial hyperlipidemia and remnant lipoproteins. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 5: 102-109.
43. Uiterwaal, C. S. P. M., D. E. Grobbee, J. C. M. Witteman, W-A. H. J. van Stiphout, X. H. Krauss, L. M. Havekes, A. M. de Bruijn, A. van Tol, and A. Hofman. 1994. Postprandial triglycéride response in young adult men and familial risk for coronary atherosclerosis. Ann. Intern. Med. 121: 576-583.
44. Hussain, M. M., R. W. Mahley, J. K. Boyles, P. A. Lindquist, W. J. Brecht, and T. L. Innerarity. 1989. Chylomicron metabolism. Chylomicron uptake by bone marrow in different animal species. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 17931-17938.
45. Breckenridge, W. C., J. A. Little, P. Alaupovic, C. S. Wang, A. Kuksis, G. Kakis, F. Lindgren, and G. Gardiner. 1982. Lipoprotein abnormalities associated with a familial deficiency of hepatic lipase. Atherosclerosis. 45: 161-179.
46. Diard, P., M-I. Malewiak, D. Lagrange, and S. Griglio. 1994. Hepatic lipase may act as a ligand in the uptake of artificial chylomicron remnant-like particles by isolated rat hepatocytes. Biochem. J. 299: 889-894.
47. Innerarity, T. L., and R. W. Mahley. 1978. Enhanced binding by cultured human fibroblasts of apoE-containing lipoproteins as compared with low density lipoproteins. Biochemistry. 17: 1440-1447.