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Volumn 119, Issue 21, 1997, Pages 4846-4855

Thermal (iodide) and photoinduced electron-transfer catalysis in biaryl synthesis via aromatic arylations with diazonium salts

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; DIAZONIUM COMPOUND; IODIDE; PENTAFLUOROBENZENEDIAZONIUM FLUOROBORATE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 0031007139     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja970599b     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (83)

References (95)
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    • See: (a) Singh, P. R.; Kumar, R. Aust. J. Chem. 1972, 25, 2133. (b) Pladziewicz, J. R.; Doyle, M. P. J. Imaging Sci. 1989, 33, 57. (c) Brown, K. C.; Doyle, M. P. J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 3255. (d) Andersen, M. L.; Handoo, K. L.; Parker, V. D. Acta Chem. Scand. 1991, 45, 983. (e) Gilbert, B. C.; Hanson, P.; Jones, J. R.; Whitwood, J. C.; Timms, A. W. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1992, 629.
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    • We suggest that the iodide-promoted intramolecular Pschorr cyclization also proceeds via an analogous ETC mechanism. Compare: (a) Wassmundt, F. W.; Kiesman, W. F. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 196. (b) Beckwith, A. L. J.; Meijs, G. F. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1922. (c) Karady, S.; Abramson, N. L.; Dolling, U.-H.; Douglas, A. W.; McManemin, G. J.; Marcune, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5425.
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    • We suggest that the iodide-promoted intramolecular Pschorr cyclization also proceeds via an analogous ETC mechanism. Compare: (a) Wassmundt, F. W.; Kiesman, W. F. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 196. (b) Beckwith, A. L. J.; Meijs, G. F. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1922. (c) Karady, S.; Abramson, N. L.; Dolling, U.-H.; Douglas, A. W.; McManemin, G. J.; Marcune, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5425.
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    • The program is available from Project Seraphim, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706
    • (b) The program is available from Project Seraphim, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706.
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    • +), which yields the biaryl following deprotonation. For related examples, see: Parker, V. D.; Tilset, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 2521. Bockman, T. M.; Kochi, J. K. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1994, 7, 325.
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    • and related papers
    • For some examples in which charge-transfer complexes (that contain very good electron donors) readily undergo thermal electron transfer as in eq 17, see: Kochi, J. K. Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. 1994, 29, 185 and related papers.
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    • Estimated from: Elofson, R. M.; Gadallah, F. F. J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 854. Compare: Kochi, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 3208.
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    • + is roughly isergonic, and the rate of electron transfer is thus expected to be very fast (see GEAR simulation in the Experimental Section).
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    • (a) Iodide efficiencies approaching 100% in Figure 3 are to be contrasted with the more limited escape efficiencies measured in other azo decompositions. See: Koenig, T.; Fischer, H. In Free Radicals; Kochi, J. K., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1973; Vol. I, p 157.
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    • Becker et al. in ref 46
    • -] cannot be evaluated. Compare the CIDNP observations of Becker et al. in ref 46.


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