Stoichiometric and steric principles governing repression by nuclear hormone receptors

Genes and Development

Volumn 11, Issue 7, 1997, Pages 835-846

  Zamir, Iris ^a   Zhang, Jinsong ^a   Lazar, Mitchell A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Corepressor function; NHRs; nuclear hormone receptor; orphan receptor; PPAR; steric effects; stoichiometry; thyroid hormone receptor; transcriptional repression

Indexed keywords

CELL NUCLEUS RECEPTOR; HORMONE RECEPTOR;

ARTICLE; DNA BINDING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTOR BINDING; REGULATORY MECHANISM; STOICHIOMETRY; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

EID: 0030991152     PISSN: 08909369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/gad.11.7.835     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Adelmant, G., A. Begue, D. Stehelin, and V. Laudet. 1996. A functional Rev-erb α responsive element located in the human Rev-erb α promoter mediates a repressive function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93: 3553-3558.
2. Ausubel, F.M., R. Brent, R. Kingston, D.D. Moore, I.A. Smith, J.G. Seidman, and K. Struhl. 1987. Current protocols in molecular biology. Wiley Interscience/Greene Publishing, New York, NY.
3. Baniahmad, A., A.C. Kohne, and R. Renkawitz. 1992. A transferable silencing domain is present in the thyroid hormone receptor, in the v-erbA oncogene product and in the retinoic acid receptor. EMBO J. 11: 1015-1023.
4. Baniahmad, A., X. Leng, T.P. Burris, S.Y. Tsai, M.-J. Tsai, and B.W. O'Malley. 1995. The τ4 activation domain of the thyroid hormone receptor is required for release of a putative corepressor(s) necessary for transcriptional silencing. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 76-86.
5. Barettino, D., M.d.M. Vivanco-Ruiz, and H.G. Stunnenberg. 1994. Characterization of the ligand-dependent transactivation domain of thyroid hormone receptor. EMBO J. 13: 3039-3049.
6. Berrodin, T.J., M.S. Marks, K. Ozato, E. Linney, and M.A. Lazar. 1992. Heterodimerization among thyroid hormone receptor, retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor, and an endogenous nuclear protein. Mol. Endocrinol. 6: 1468-1478.
7. Brent, G.A., M.K. Dunn, J.W. Harney, T. Gulick, P.R. Larsen, and D.D. Moore. 1989. Thyroid hormone aporeceptor represses T3-inducible promoters and blocks activity of the retinoic acid receptor. New Biol. 1: 329-336.
8. Casanova, J., E. Helmer, S. Selmi-Ruby, J.S. Qi, M. Au-Fliegner, V. Desai-Yainik, N. Koudinova, F. Yarm, B.M. Raaka, and H.H. Samuels. 1994. Functional evidence for ligand-dependent dissociation of thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors from an inhibitory cellular factor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 5756-5765.
9. Cavailles, V., S. Dauvois, F. L'Horset, G. Lopez, S. Hoare, P.J. Kushner, and M.G. Parker. 1995. Nuclear factor RIP140 modulates transcriptional activation by the estrogen receptor. EMBO J. 14: 3741-3751.
10. Chakravarti, D., V.J. LaMorte, N.C. Nelson, T. Nakajima, I.G. Schulman, H. Juguilon, M. Montminy, and R.M. Evans. 1996. Role of CBP/p300 in nuclear receptor signaling. Nature 383: 99-103.
11. Chawla, A. and M.A. Lazar. 1993. Induction of Rev-ErbAα, an orphan nuclear receptor encoded on the opposite strand of the α-thyroid hormone receptor gene, during adipocyte differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 16265-16269.
12. Chawla, A., E.J. Schwarz, D.D. Dimaculangan, and M.A. Lazar. 1994. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ): Adipose predominant expression and induction early in adipocyte differentiation. Endocrinology 135: 798-800.
13. Chen, J.D. and R.M. Evans. 1995. A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors. Nature 377: 454-457.
14. Chen, J.-Y., S. Penco, J. Ostrowski, P. Balaguer, M. Pons, J.E. Starrett, P. Reczek, P. Chambon, and H. Gronmeyer. 1995. RAR-specific agonist/antagonists which dissociate transactivation and AP1 transrepression inhibit anchorage-independent cell proliferation. EMBO J. 14: 1187-1197.
15. Chen, I.D., K. Umesono, and R.M. Evans. 1996. SMRT isoforms mediate repression and anti-repression of nuclear receptor heterodimers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93: 7567-7571.
16. Damm, K., C.C. Thompson, and R.M. Evans. 1989. Protein encoded by v-erbA functions as a thyroid-hormone receptor antagonist. Nature 339: 593-597.
17. Danelian, P.S., R. White, J.A. Lees, and M.G. Parker. 1992. Identification of a conserved region required for hormone dependent transcriptional activation by steroid hormone receptors. EMBO J. 11: 1025-1033.
18. Darling, D.S., R.L. Carter, P.M. Yen, J.M. Welborn, W.W. Chin, and P.K. Umeda. 1993. Different dimerization activities of alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptor isoforms. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 10221-10227.
19. Devchand, P.R., H. Keller, J.M. Peters, M. Vazquez, F.J. Gonzalez, and W. Wahli. 1996. The PPARα-leukotrience B4 pathway to inflammation control. Nature 384: 39-43.
20. Downes, M., A.J. Carozzi, and G.E.O. Muscat. 1995. Constitutive expression of the orphan receptor, Rev-ErbAα, inhibits muscle differentiation and abrogates the expression of the myoD gene family. Mol. Endocrinol. 9: 1666-1678.
21. Dreyer, C., G. Krey, H. Keller, F. Givel, G. Helftenbein, and W. Wahli. 1992. Control of the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway by a novel family of nuclear hormone receptors. Cell 68: 879-887.
22. Durand, B., M. Saunders, C. Gaudon, B. Roy, R. Losson, and P. Chambon. 1994. Activation function 2 (AF-2) of retinoic acid receptor and 9-cis retinoic acid receptor: Presence of a conserved autonomous constitutive activating domain and influence of the nature of the response element on AF-2 activity. EMBO J. 13: 5370-5382.
23. Fondell, J.D., A.L. Roy, and R.G. Roeder. 1993. Unliganded thyroid hormone receptor inhibits formation of a functional preinitiation complex: Implications for active repression. Genes & Dev. 7: 1400-1410.
24. Forman, B.M., J. Chen, B. Blumberg, S.A. Kliewer, R. Henshaw, E.S. Ong, and R.M. Evans. 1994. Cross-talk among RORα1 and the Rev-erb family of orphan nuclear receptors. Mol. Endocrinol. 8: 1253-1261.
25. Graupner, G., K.N. Wills, M. Tzukerman, X.-K. Zhang, and M. Pfahl. 1989. Dual regulatory role for thyroid-hormone receptors allows control of retinoic-acid receptor activity. Nature 340: 653-656.
26. Halachmi, S., E. Marden, G. Martin, H. MacKay, C. Abbondanza, and M. Brown. 1994. Estrogen receptor-associated proteins: Possible mediators of hormone-induced transcription. Science 264: 1455-1458.
27. Hanstein, B., R. Eckner, J. DiRenzo, S. Halachmi, H. Liu, B. Searcy, R. Kurokawa, and M. Brown. 1996. P300 is a component of an estrogen receptor coactivator complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93: 11540-11545.
28. Harding, H.P. and M.A. Lazar. 1993. The orphan receptor Rev-ErbAα activates transcription via a novel response element. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 3113-3121.
29. _. 1995. The monomer-binding orphan receptor Rev-Erb represses transcription as a dimer on a novel direct repeat. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:4791-4802.
30. Horlein, A.J., A.M. Naar, T. Heinzel, J. Torchia, B. Gloss, R. Kurokawa, A. Ryan, Y. Kamei, M. Soderstrom, C.K. Glass, and M.G. Rosenfeld. 1995. Ligand-independent repression by the thyroid hormone receptor mediated by a nuclear receptor co-repressor. Nature 377: 397-404.
31. Kamei, Y., L. Xu, T. Heinzel, I. Torchia, R. Kurokawa, B. Gloss, S.-C. Lin, R.A. Heyman, D.W. Rose, C.K. Glass, and M.G. Rosenfeld. 1996. A CBP integrator complex mediates transcriptional activation and AP-1 inhibition by nuclear receptors. Cell 85: 403-414.
32. Katz, R.W. and R.J. Koenig. 1993. Nonbiased identification of DNA sequences that bind thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 with high affinity. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 19392-19397.
33. _. 1994. Specificity and mechanism of thyroid hormone induction from an octamer response element. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 18915-18920.
34. Keller, H., C. Dreyer, J. Medin, A. Mahfoudi, K. Ozato, and W. Wahli. 1993. Fatty acids and retinoids control lipid metabolism through activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-retinoid X receptor heterodimers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90: 2160-2164.
35. Kliewer, S.A., B.M. Forman, B. Blumberg, E.S. Ong, U. Borgmeyer, D.J. Mangelsdorf, K. Umesono, and R.M. Evans. 1994. Differential expression and activation of a family of murine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91: 7355-7359.
36. Kurokawa, R., M. Soderstrom, A. Horlein, S. Halachmi, M. Brown, M.G. Rosenfeld, and C.K. Glass. 1995. Polarity-specific activities of retinoic acid receptors determined by a co-repressor. Nature 377: 451-454.
37. Lazar, M.A. 1993. Thyroid hormone receptors: Multiple forms, multiple possibilities. Endocr. Rev. 14: 184-193.
38. Lazar, M.A. and T.J. Berrodin. 1990. Thyroid hormone receptors form distinct nuclear proteins-dependent and independent complexes with a thyroid hormone response element. Mol. Endocrinol. 4: 1627-1635.
39. Lazar, M.A., R.A. Hodin, D.S. Darling, and W.W. Chin. 1989. A novel member of the thyroid/steroid hormone receptor family is encoded by the opposite strand of the rat c-erbAα transcriptional unit. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9: 1128-1136.
40. Lazar, M.A., T.J. Berrodin, and H.P. Harding. 1991. Differential DNA binding by monomeric, homodimeric, and potentially heteromeric forms of the thyroid hormone receptor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11: 5005-5015.
41. LeDouarin, B., C. Zechel, J.-M. Gamier, Y. Lutz, L. Tora, B. Pierrat, D. Heery, H. Gronemeyer, P. Chambon, and R. Losson. 1995. The N-terminal part of TIF1, a putative mediator of the ligand-dependent activation function (AF-2) of nuclear receptors, is fused to B-raf in the oncogenic protein T18. EMBO J. 14: 2020-2033.
42. Lee, J.W., F. Ryan, J.C. Swaffield, S.A. Johnston, and D.D. Moore. 1995. Interaction of thyroid-hormone receptor with a conserved transcriptional mediator. Nature 374: 91-94.
43. Maia, A.L., J.W. Harney, and P.R. Larsen. 1996. Is there a negative TRE in the luciferase reporter cDNA? Thyroid 6: 325-328.
44. Martin, B., R. Renkawitz, and M. Muller. 1994. Two silencing sub-domains of v-erbA synergize with each other, but not with RXR. Nucleic Acids Res. 22: 4899-4905.
45. Minucci, S., D.J. Zand, A. Dey, M.S. Marks, T. Nagata, J.F. Grippo, and K. Ozato. 1994. Dominant negative retinoid X receptor β inhibits retinoic acid-responsive gene regulation in embryonal carcinoma cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 360-372.
46. Miyajima, N., R. Horiuchi, Y. Shibuya, S. Fukushige, K. Matsubara, K. Toyoshima, and T. Yamamoto. 1989. Two erbA homologs encoding proteins with different T3 binding capacities are transcribed from opposite DNA strands of the same genetic locus. Cell 57: 31-39.
47. Onate, S.A., S.Y. Tsai, M.-J. Tsai, and B.W. O'Malley. 1995. Sequence and characterization of a coactivator for the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science 270: 1354-1357.
48. Piedrafita, F.J., I. Bendik, M.A. Ortiz, and M. Pfahl. 1995. Thyroid hormone receptor homodimers can function as ligand-sensitive repressors. Mol. Endocrinol. 9: 563-578.
49. Reginato, M.J., J. Zhang, and M.A. Lazar. 1996. DNA-independent and DNA-dependent mechanisms regulate the differential heterodimerization of the isoforms of the thyroid hormone receptor with retinoid X receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 28199-28205.
50. Retnakaran, R., G. Flock, and V. Giguere. 1994. Identification of RVR, a novel orphan nuclear receptor that acts as a negative transcriptional regulator. Mol. Endocrinol. 8: 1234-1244.
51. Sande, S. and M.L. Privalsky. 1996. Identification of TRACs, a family of co-factors that associate with and modulate the activity of nuclear hormone receptors. Mol. Endocrinol. 10: 813-825.
52. Sap, J., A. Munoz, K. Damm, Y. Goldberg, J. Ghysdael, A. Lentz, H. Beug, and B. Vennstrom. 1986. The c-erbA protein is a high affinity receptor for thyroid hormone. Nature 324: 635-640.
53. Sap, J., A. Munoz, J. Schmitt, H. Stunnenberg, and B. Vennstrom. 1989. Repression of transcription mediated at a thyroid hormone response element by the v-erhA oncogene product. Nature 340: 242-244.
54. Schulman, I.G., H. Juguilon, and R.M. Evans. 1996. Activation and repression by nuclear hormone receptors: Hormone modulates an equilibrium between active and repressive states. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 3807-3813.
55. Seol, W., M.J. Mahon, Y.-K. Lee, and D.D. Moore. 1996. Two receptor interacting domains in the nuclear hormone receptor corepressor RIP13/N-CoR. Mol. Endocrinol. 10: 1646-1655.
56. Tillman, J.B., D.E. Crone, H.-S. Kim, C.N. Sprung, and S.R. Spindler. 1993. Promoter independent down-regulation of the firefly luciferase gene by T3 and T3 receptor in CV-1 cells. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 95: 101-109.
57. Tontonoz, P., E. Hu, R.A. Graves, A.I. Budavari, and B.M. Spiegelman. 1994a. mPPARγ2: Tissue-specific regulator of an adipocyte enhancer. Genes & Dev. 8: 1224-1234.
58. Tontonoz, P., E. Hu, and B.M. Spiegelman. 1994b. Stimulation of adipogenesis in fibroblasts by PPAR-γ2, a lipid-activated transcription factor. Cell 79: 1147-1156.
59. Tontonoz, P., E. Hu, J. Devine, E.G. Beale, and B.M. Spiegelman. 1995. PPAR γ 2 regulates adipose expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 351-357.
60. Xue, J.-C., E.J. Schwarz, A. Chawla, and M.A. Lazar. 1996. Distinct stages in adipogenesis revealed by retinoid inhibition of differentiation after induction of PPARγ. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 1567-1575.
61. Yu, K., W. Bayona, C.B. Kallen, H.P. Harding, C. Ravera, J. Mc-Mahon, M. Brown, and M.A. Lazar. 1995. Differential activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by eicosanoids. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 23975-23983.
62. Zamir, I., H.P. Harding, G.B. Atkins, A. Horlein, C.K. Glass, M.G. Rosenfeld, and M.A. Lazar. 1996. A nuclear hormone receptor corepressor mediates transcriptional silencing by receptors with different repression domains. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 5458-5465.