Codon bias and plasticity in immunoglobulins

Molecular Biology and Evolution

Volumn 14, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 637-643

  Kepler, Thomas B ^a  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

codon bias; hypermutation; immunity; immunoglobulin; somatic mutation

Indexed keywords

ANTIGEN BINDING; ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; ANTIGEN SPECIFICITY; ARTICLE; CODON; EVOLUTION; GENE REARRANGEMENT; GERM LINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENE; NONHUMAN; PLASTICITY; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; SOMATIC MUTATION;

DARWINIA;

EID: 0030978963     PISSN: 07374038     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025803     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. BACHL, J., and M. WABL. 1996. An immunoglobulin mutator that targets GC base pairs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:851-855.
2. BEREK, C., and C. MILSTEIN. 1987. Mutation drift and repertoire shift in the immune response. Immunol. Rev 96:23-41.
3. BETZ, A. G., C. RADA, R. PANNELL, C. MILSTEIN, and M. S. NEUBERGER. 1993. Passenger transgenes reveal intrinsic specificity of the antibody hypermutation mechanism: clustering, polarity and specific hot spots. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:2385-2388.
4. DU PASQUIER, L. 1993. Evolution of the immune system. Pp. 199-233 in W. E. PAUL, ed. Fundamental immunology, 3rd ed. Raven Press, New York, N.Y.
5. GRANTHAM, R., C. GAUTIER, and M. GOUY. 1980. Codon frequencies in 119 individual genes confirm consistent choices of degenerate bases according to genome type. Nucleic Acids Res. 8:893-1912.
6. HINDS-FREY, K. R., H. NISHIKATA, R. T. LITMAN, and G. W. LITMAN. 1993. Somatic variation precedes extensive diversification of germline sequences and combinatorial joining in the evolution of immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity. J. Exp. Med. 178:815-824.
7. KABAT, E. A., T. T. WU, H. M. PERRY, K. S. GOTTESMAN, and G. FOELLER. 1991. Sequences of proteins of immunological interest. 5th edition. Department of Health Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
8. KELSOE, G. 1996. Life and death in germinal centers (redux). Immunity 4:07-110.
9. KEPLER, T. B., and A. S. PERELSON. 1993. Somatic hypermutation in B cells: an optimal control treatment. J. Theor. Biol. 164:37-64.
10. LEWIS, S. M. 1994. The mechanism of V(D)J joining: Lessons from molecular, immunological, and comparative analyses. Adv. Immunol. 56:27-150.
11. MAYNARD SMITH, J., and N. H. SMITH. 1996. Site-specific codon bias in bacteria. Genetics 142:1037-1043.
12. 1 light chains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88:933-7373.
13. PAUL, W. E., ed. 1993. Fundamental immunology. 3rd edition. Raven Press, New York, N.Y.
14. REYNAUD, C.-A., C. GARCIA, and J.-C. WEILL. 1995. Hypermutation generating the sheep immunoglobulin repertoire is an antigen-independent process. Cell 80:115-125.
15. ROGOZIN, I. B., and N. A. KOLCHANOV. 1992. Somatic hypermutagenesis in immunoglobulin genes. II. Influence of neighboring base sequences on mutagenesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1171:11-18.
16. ROTHENFLUH, H. S., R. V. BLANDEN, and E. J. STEELE. 1995. Evolution of V genes: DNA sequence structure of functional germline genes and pseudogenes. Immunogenetics 42: 159-171.
17. SMITH, A. S., G. CREADON, P. K. JENA, J. P. PORTANOVA, B. L. KOTZIN, and L. J. WYSOCKI. 1996. Di-and trinucleotide target preferences of somatic mutagenesis in normal and autoreactive B cells. J. Immunol. 156:2642-2652.
18. TANAKA, T., and M. NEI. 1989. Positive Darwinian selection observed at the variable-region genes of immunoglobulins. Mol. Biol. Evol. 6:447-459.
19. THOMPSON, C. B. 1995. New insights into V(D)J recombination and its role in the evolution of the immune system. Immunity 3:531-540.
20. THOMPSON, J. D., D. G. HIGGINS, and T. J. GIBSON. 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positions-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:673-4680.
21. TOMLINSON, I. M., S. C. WILLIAMS, S. J. CORBETT, J. B. L. Cox, and G. WINTER. 1996. VBASE Sequence Directory. MRC Centre for Protein Engineering, Cambridge, U.K.
22. H5 transcripts from three unrelated patients with atopic dermatitis. J. Exp. Med. 177:99-107.
23. H6, in the expressed immune repertoire. J. Immunol. 150:4985-4995.
24. WAGNER, S. J., C. MILSTEIN, and M. S. NEUBERGER. 1995. Codon bias targets mutation. Nature 376:732.
25. WILSON, M., E. HSU, A. MARCUZ, L. COURTET, L. DU PASQUIER, and C. STEINBERG. 1992. What limits affinity maturation of antibodies in Xenopus-the rate of somatic mutation or the ability to select mutants? EMBO J. 11:337-47.
26. ZHENG, B., W. XUE, and G. KELSOE. 1994. Locus-specific somatic hypermutation in germinal centre T cells. Nature 372:556-559.