Alzheimer's disease: Cognitive and behavioral pharmacotherapy

Connecticut Medicine

Volumn 61, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 543-552

  Cummings, Jeffrey L ^b   Mendez, Mario F ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARECOLINE; BETHANECHOL; CHOLINE; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; DIHYDROERGOTOXINE MESILATE; DONEPEZIL; ESTROGEN; FLUNARIZINE; FLUPHENAZINE; GALANTAMINE; HALOPERIDOL; LEVACECARNINE; METRIFONATE; MOLINDONE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; NIMODIPINE; NOOTROPIC AGENT; ONDANSETRON; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; PHYSOSTIGMINE; PIRACETAM; RIVASTIGMINE; TACRINE; THIAMINE; THIORIDAZINE; TIOTIXENE; UNINDEXED DRUG; XANOMELINE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; DEMENTIA; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; NERVE CELL NECROSIS; PATHOGENESIS;

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BEHAVIOR; CHOLINERGIC AGENTS; COGNITION; HUMANS; PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS;

EID: 0030954784     PISSN: 00106178     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Cummings JL, Benson DF: Dementia: A clinical approach, 2nd ed. Butterworths Heinemann: Boston, Mass; 1992.
2. Zec RF: Neuropsychological functioning in Alzheimer's disease. In: Neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Parks RW, Zee RF, Wilson RS (eds). New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press; 1993, pp. 3-80.
3. Mega M, Cummings JL, Fiorello T, Gornbein J: The spectrum of behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1996; 46:130-5.
4. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, et al: Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer' s disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1984; 4:939-44.
5. Gearing M, Mirra SS, Hedreen JC, et al: The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part X. Neuropathology confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1995; 45:461-6.
6. Duara R: Dementia. In: Clinical brain imaging: principles and applications. Mazziotta JC, Gilman S (eds): Philadelphia, Penn: F.A. Davis Company; 1992, pp. 294-349.
7. Corder EH, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, et al: Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families. Science 1993; 261:921-3.
8. Roses AD: Apolipoprotein E genotyping in the differential diagnosis, not prediction, of Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1995; 38:6-14.
9. Seshadri S, Drachman DA, Lippa CF:. Apolipoprotein E e-4 allele and the lifetime risk of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1995; 52:1074-9.
10. Mayeux R, Ottman R, Ting M-X, et al: Genetic susceptibility and head injury as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease among community-dwelling elderly persons and their first-degree relatives. Ann Neurol 1993; 33:494-501.
11. Katzman R: Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993; 43:13-20.
12. Snowdon DA, Kemper SJ, Mortimer JA, et al: Linguistic ability in early life and cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease in late life. JAMA 1996; 275:528-32.
13. Roberts GW, Gentleman SM, Lynch A, et al:, β amyloid protein deposition in the brain after severe head injury : Implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57:419-25.
14. Kennedy AM, Newman SK, Frackowiak RSJ, et al: Chromosome 14 linked familial Alzheimer's disease. Brain 1995; 118:185-205.
15. Levy-Lahad E, Wijsman EM, Nemens E, et al: A familial Alzheimer's disease locus on chromosome 1. Science 1995; 269:970-73.
16. St. George-Hyslop PH, Tanzi RE, Polinsky RJ, et al: The genetic defect causing familial Alzheimer's disease maps on chromosome 21. Science 1987; 235:885-90.
17. Oliver C, Holland AJ: Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease: A review. Psychol Med 1986; 16:307-22.
18. Selkoe DJ: Physiological production of the β-amyloid protein and the mechanism of Alzheimer's disease. Trends Neurosci 1993; 16:403-9.
19. Mattson MP, Barger SW, Cheng B, et al: β-amyloid precursor protein metabolites and loss of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease. Trends In Neurosci 1993; 16:409-14.
20. Terry RD, Masliah E, Salmon DP, et al: Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: Synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 1991; 30:572-80.
21. Goedert M: Tau protein and the neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Trends Neurosci 1993; 16:460-5.
22. Yankner BA, Mesulam M-M: β-amyloid and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:1849-57.
23. Yankner BA, Duffy LK, Kirschner DA : Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid β protein: Reversal by tachykinin neuropeptides. Science 1990; 250:279-82.
24. Terry RD, Masliah E, Hansen LA: Structural basis of the cognitive alteration s in Alzheimer disease. In: Alzheimer disease. Terry RD, Katzman R, Bick KL (eds): Raven Press: New York, N.Y.; 1994, pp. 179-96.
25. Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, et al: A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1216-22.
26. Pagnini-Hill A, Henderson V: Estrogen deficiency and risk of Alzheimer's disease in women. Am J Epidemlol 1994; 140:256-61.
27. Rogers J, Kirby LC, Hempelman SR, et al: Clinical trial of indomethacin in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993; 43:1609-11.
28. Olanow CW: A radical hypothesis for neurodegeneration. Trends Neurosci 1993; 16:439-44.
29. Tolefson GD: Short-term effects of the calcium channel blocker nimodipine (Bay-e-9736) in the management of primary degenerative dementia. Biol Psychiatry 1990; 27:1133-42.
30. Coyle JT, Puttfarcken P: Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders. Science 1993; 262:689-95.
31. Holtzman DM, Li Y, Chen K, et al: Nerve growth factor reverses neuronal atrophy in an Down syndrome model of age-related neurodegeneration. Neurology 1993; 43:2668-73.
32. Coyle JT, Price DL, DeLong MR: Alzheimer's disease: A disorder of cortical cholinergic innervation. Science 1983; 219:1184-90.
33. Whitehouse PJ, Price DL, Clark AW, et al: Alzheimer disease: Evidence for selective loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis. Ann Neurol 1981; 10:122-6.
34. Davies P: Studies on the neurochemistry of central cholinergic systems in Alzheimer's disease. In: Alzheimer's disease: Senile dementia and related disorders. Katzman R, Terry RD, Bick KL (eds): Raven Press: New York, N.Y.; 1978, pp. 453-59.
35. Galasko D, Thal L: Cholinomimetic agents. In: JL Cummings, BL Miller (eds): Alzheimer's disease: Treatment and long-term management. Marcel Dekker: New York, N.Y.; 1990, pp. 23-36.
36. Knapp MJ, Knopman DS, Solomon PR, Pendlebury WW, Davis CS, Gracon SI, for the tacrine study group: A 30-week randomized controlled trial of high-dose tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. JAMA 1994; 271:985-91.
37. Rogers SL, Friedhoff LT: The efficacy and safety of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease: Results of a U.S. Multicentre, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. The Donepezil Study Group. Dementia 1996; 7:293-303.
38. Schneider LS, Olin JT: Overview of clinical trials of hydergine in dementia. Arch Neurol 1994; 51:787-98.
39. Cummings JL, Victoroff J: Noncognitive neuropsychiatric syndromes in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuropsychiaty Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1990; 2:140-58.
40. Reisberg B, Borenstein J, Salob SP, et al: Behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: Phenomenology and treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 1987; 48(Suppl 5):9-15.
41. Kaufer DI, Cummings JL, Christine D: Effect of tacrine on behavior in Alzheimer's disease: An open label study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1996; 9:1-6.
42. Mendez MF, Martin RJ, Smyth KA, et al: Psychiatric symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1990; 2:28-33.
43. Merriam AE, Aronson MK, Gaston P, et al: The psychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36:7-12.
44. Drevets WC, Rubin EH: Psychotic symptoms and the longitudinal course of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Biol Psychiatry 1989; 25:39-48.
45. Mortimer JA, Ebbit B, Jun S-P, et al: Predictors of cognitive and functional progression in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1992; 42:1689-96.
46. Zubenko GS, Moossey J, Martinez J, et al: Neuropathologic and neurochemical correlates of psychosis in primary dementia. Arch Neurol 1991; 48:619-24.
47. Schneider LS, Pollock, Lyness SA: A metaanalysis of controlled trials of neuroleptic treatment of dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990; 38:553-63.
48. Zubenko GS, Rosen J, Sweet RA, et al: Impact of psychiatric hospitalization on behavioral complications of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:1484-91.
49. Schneider LS, Pollock VE, Lyness SA: A metaanalysis of controlled trials of neuroleptic treatment of dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990; 38:553-63.
50. Pickar D: Prospects for pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. Lancet 1995: 345:557-62.
51. Swearer JM, Drachman DA, O'Donnell BF, et al: Troublesome and disruptive behaviors in dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36:784-90.
52. Simpson DM, Foster D: Improvement in organically disturbed behavior with trazodone treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 1986; 47:191-3.
53. Cummings JL, Benson DF: The role of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in dementia: Review and reconsideration. Alzheimer's Dis Assoc Disord 1987; 1:128-45.
54. Wragg RE, Jeste DV: Overview of depression and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146:577-87.
55. Zubenko GS, Moossy J: Major depression in primary dementia. Arch Neurol 1988; 45:1182-6.
56. Robinson RG, Chait RM: Emotional correlates of structural brain injury with particular emphasis on post-stroke mood disorders. Crit Rev Clin Neurobiol 1985; 1:285-318.
57. Teri L, Larson EB, Reifler BV: Behavioral disturbance in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36:1-6.