Specific roles of alpha-toxin and beta-toxin during Staphylococcus aureus corneal infection

Infection and Immunity

Volumn 65, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 1571-1578

  O'Callaghan, Richard J ^a,b   Callegan, Michelle C ^a,d   Moreau, Judy M ^a   Green, Linda C ^a,b   Foster, Timothy J ^c   Hartford, Orla M ^c   Engel, Lee S ^a   Hill, James M ^a,b  

^a LOUISIANA STATE UNIV MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b LSU EYE CENTER   (United States)

^c TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

STAPHYLOCOCCUS ALPHA TOXIN; STAPHYLOCOCCUS TOXIN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; CELL INFILTRATION; CORNEA EDEMA; CORNEA EPITHELIUM; KERATITIS; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RABBIT; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

EID: 0030934821     PISSN: 00199567     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.5.1571-1578.1997     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Abdelnour, A., S. Arvidson, T. Bremell, C. Ryden, and A. Tarkowski. 1993. The accessory gene regulator (agr) controls Staphylococcus aureus virulence in a murine arthritis model. Infect. Immun. 61:3879-3885.
2. Anderson, J. C. 1976. The contribution of the mouse mastitis model to our understanding of staphylococcal infection. Zentrabl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Hyg. Abt. l Orig. Reihe A 5(Suppl.):783-790.
3. Asbell, P., and S. Stenson. 1982. Ulcerative keratitis: survey of 30 years' laboratory experience. Arch. Ophthalmol. 100:77-80.
4. Augustin, J., R. Rosenstein, B. Wieland, U. Schneider, N. Schnell, G. Engelke, K. D. Entian, and F. Gotz. 1992. Genetic analysis of epidermin biosynthesis genes and epidermin-negative mutants of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Eur. J. Biochem. 204:1149-1154.
5. Balaban, N., and R. Novick. 1995. Autocrinc regulation of toxin synthesis by Staphylococcus aureus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:1619-1623.
6. Bernheimer, A. W. 1988. Assay of hemolytic toxins. Methods Enzymol. 165: 213-217.
7. Bernheimer, A. W., L. S. Avigad, and K. S. Kim. 1974. Staphylococcal sphingomyelinase (β-hemolysin). Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 236:292-306.
8. Booth, M. C., R. V. Atkuri, S. K. Nanda, J. J. landolo, and M. S. Gilmore. 1995. Accessory, gene regulator controls Staphylococcus aureus virulence in endophthalmitis. Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 36:1828-1836.
9. Bradley, P. P., D. A. Priebat, R. D. Christensen, and G. Rothstein. 1982. Measurement of cutaneous inflammation: estimation of neutrophil content with an enzyme marker. J. Invest. Dermatol. 78:206-209.
10. Bramley, A. J., A. H. Patel, M. O'Reilly, R. Foster, and T. J. Foster. 1989. Roles of alpha-toxin and beta-toxin in virulence of Staphylococcus aureus for the mouse mammary gland. Infect. Immun. 57:2489-2494.
11. Broekhuyse, R. M. 1975. The lipid composition of aging sclera and cornea. Ophthalmologica 171:82-85.
12. Callegan, M. C., L. S. Engel, J. M. Hill, and R. J. O'Callaghan. 1994. Ciprofloxacin versus tobramycin for the treatment of staphylococcal keratitis. Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 35:1033-1037.
13. Callegan, M. C., L. S. Engel, J. M. Hill, and R. J. O'Callaghan. 1994. Corneal virulence of Staphylococcus aureus: roles of alpha-toxin and protein A in pathogenesis. Infect. Immun. 62:2478-2482.
14. Callegan, M. C., J. M. Hill, M. S. Insler, J. A. Hobden, and R. J. O'Callaghan. 1992. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in the rabbit: therapy with ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and cefazolin. Curr. Eye Res. 11:1111-1119.
15. Callegan, M. C., J. A. Hobden, J. M. Hill, M. S. Insler, and R. J. O'Callaghan. 1992. Topical antibiotic therapy for the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 33: 3017-3023.
16. Callegan, M. C., R. J. O'Callaghan, and J. M. Hill. 1994. Pharmacokinetics and the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 27:129-149.
17. Calvinho, L. F., W. J. Donnelly, and K. Dodd. 1993. Effect of partially purified Staphylococcus aureus beta-haemolysin on the mammary gland of the mouse. J. Vet. Med. B40:559-568.
18. - mutant of Staphylococcus aureus in the rabbit model of endocarditis. J. Clin. Invest. 94:1815-1822.
19. Cheung, A. L., M. R. Yeaman, P. M. Sullam, M. D. Witt, and A. S. Bayer. 1994. Role of sar locus of Staphylococcus aureus in induction of endocarditis in rabbits. Infect. Immun. 62:1719-1725.
20. Cifrian, E., A. J. Guidry, A. J. Bramley, N. L. Norcross, F. D. Bastida-Corcuera, and W. W. Marquardt. 1996. Effect of staphylococcal β toxin on cytotoxicity, proliferation, and adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to bovine mammary epithelial cells. Vet. Microbiol. 48:187-198.
21. Dassy, B., T. Hogan, T. J. Foster, and J. M. Fournier. 1993. Involvement of the accessory gene regulator (agr) in expression of type 5 capsular polysaccharide by Staphylococcus aureus. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139:1301-1306.
22. Fairweather, N., S. Kennedy, T. Foster, M. Kehoe, and G. Dougan. 1983. Expression of a cloned Staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin determinant in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Infect. Immun. 41:1112-1117.
23. Foster, T, J., and M. McDevitt. 1994. Surface-associated proteins of Staphylococcus aureus: their possible roles in virulence. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 118:199-206.
24. Gemmell, C. G., R. Tree, A. Patel, M. O'Reilly, and T. J. Foster. 1991. Susceptibility to ospsonophagocytosis of protein A, α-haemolysin and β-toxin deficient mutants of Staphylococcus aureus isolated by allele replacement. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. 21:273-277.
25. Gillaspy, A. F., S. G. Hickmon, R. A. Skinner, J. R. Thomas, C. T. Nelson, and M. S. Smeltzer. 1995. Role of the accessory gene regulator (agr) in pathogenesis of staphylococcal osteomyelitis. Infect. Immun. 63:3373-3380.
26. Hazlett, L. D., M. Zucker, and R. S. Berk. 1992. Distribution and kinetics of the inflammatory cell response to ocular challenge with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in susceptible versus resistant mice. Ophthalmic Res. 24:32-39.
27. Hobden, J. A., L. S. Engel, M. C. Callegan, J. M. Hill, B. M. Gebhardt, and R. J. O'Callaghan. 1993. Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in leukopenic rabbits. Curr. Eye Res. 12:461-467.
28. Jonsson, P., M. Lindberg, I. Haraldsson, and T. Wadstrom. 1985. Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus in a mouse mastitis model: studies of alpha hemolysin, coagulase, and protein A as possible virulence determinants with protoplast fusion and gene cloning. Infect. Immun 49:765-769.
29. Kornblum, J., B. N. Kreiswirth, S. J. Projan, H. Ross, and R. P. Novick. 1990. Agr: a polycistronic locus regulating exoprotein synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus, p. 373-402. In R. P. Novick (ed.). Molecular biology of the staphylococci. VCH Publishers, New York, N.Y.
30. Kreiswirth, B. N., S. Lofdahl, M. J. Betley, M. O'Reilly, P. M. Schlievert, M. S. Bergdoll, and R. P. Novick. 1983. The toxic shock syndrome exotoxin structural gene is not detectably transmitted by a prophage. Nature 305:709-712.
31. Liesegang, T. J. 1988. Bacterial and fungal keratitis, p. 217-270. In H. E. Kaufman, B. A. Barron, M. B. McDonald, and S. R. Waltman (ed.), The cornea. Churchill Livingstone, New York, N.Y.
32. McDevitt, D., P. Vaudaux, and T. J. Foster. 1992. Genetic evidence that bound coagulase of Staphylococcus aureus is not clumping factor. Infect. Immun. 60:1514-1523.
33. Menzies, B. E., and D. S. Kernodle. 1994. Site-directed mutagenesis of the alpha-toxin gene of Staphylococcus aureus: role of histidine in toxin action in vitro and in a murine model. Infect. Immun. 62:1843-1847.
34. Moreira, B. M., and R. S. Daum. 1995. Antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 42:619-648.
35. O'Reilly, M., J. C. S. DeAzavedo, S. Kennedy, and T. J. Foster. 1986. Inactivation of the alpha-haemolysin gene of Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4 by site-directed mutagenesis and studies on the expression of its haemolysins. Microb. Pathog. 1:125-138.
36. Patel, A. H., P. Nowlan, E. D. Weavers, and T. Foster. 1987. Virulence of protein A-deficient and alpha-toxin-deficient mutants of Staphylococcus aureus isolated by allele replacement. Infect. Immun. 55:3103-3110.
37. Smeltzer, M. S., M. E. Hart, and J. J. Iandolo. 1993. Phenotypic characterization of xpr, a global regulator of extracellular virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus. Infect. Immun. 61:919-925.
38. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1981. Statistical analysis systems for linear models: a guide to the ANOVA and GLM procedures. In R. J. Freund and R. C. Littel (ed.), SAS series in statistical applications. SAS Institute, Cary, N.C.
39. Thelestam, M., and L. Blomqvist. 1988. Staphylococcal alpha-toxin: recent advances. Toxicon 26:51-65.
40. Watson, P. G., and B. L. Hazleman. 1976. Anatomical and physiological considerations, p. 10-39. In P. D. Trevor-Roper (ed.), The sclera and systemic disorders. W. B. Saunders Co., Ltd., Philadelphia, Pa.