The cytoskeleton in mRNA localization and cell differentiation

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 396-400

  Nasmyth, Kim ^a   Jansen, Ralf Peter ^a  

^a RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIN; CARRIER PROTEIN; CYTOSKELETON PROTEIN; MESSENGER RNA;

ACTIN FILAMENT; CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOSKELETON; DROSOPHILA; MICROTUBULE; NONHUMAN; OOCYTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT SURVEY; XENOPUS; YEAST CELL;

CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS; SACCHAROMYCETALES;

EID: 0030912314     PISSN: 09550674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0955-0674(97)80013-0     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Horvitz R, Herskowitz I: Mechanisms of asymmetric cell division: two Bs or not two Bs, that is the question. Cell 1992, 68:237-255.
2. Gönczy P, Hyman AA: Cortical domains and the mechanisms of asymmetric cell division. Trends Cell Biol 1996, 6:382-387.
3. Sundell CL, Singer RH: Requirement of microfilaments in sorting of actin messenger RNA. Science 1991, 253:1275-1277.
4. •].
5. ••].
6. ••].
7. ••] represent excellent reviews that give an extensive overview of the area of RNA localization.
8. Pokrywka NJ: RNA localization and the cytoskeleton in Drosophila oocytes. In Cytoskeletal Mechanisms During Animal Development. Edited by Capco DG. San Diego: Academic Press; 1995:139-166.
9. Lipshitz HD (Ed.): Localized RNAs. Austin, Texas: RG Landes Company; 1995. [Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit.]
10. Pokrywka NJ, Stephenson EC: Microtubules are a general component of mRNA localization systems in Drosophila oocytes. Dev Biol 1995, 167:363-370.
11. Theurkauf WE, Smiley S, Wong ML, Alberts BM: Reorganization of the cytoskeleton during Drosophila oogenesis: implications for axis specification and intercellular transport Development 1992, 115:923-936.
12. Karlin-McGinnes M, Serano TL, Cohen RS: Comparative analysis of the kinetics of K10, bicoid and oskar mRNA localization in the Drosophila oocyte. Dev Genet 1996, 19:238-248.
13. Li MG, McGrail M, Serr M, Hays TS: Drosophila cytoplasmic dynein, a microtubule motor that is asymmetrically localized in the oocyte. J Cell Biol 1994, 126:1475-1494.
14. Clark I, Giniger E, Ruohola-Baker H, Jan LY, Jan YN: Transient posterior localization of a kinesin fusion protein reflects anteroposterior polarity of the Drosophila oocyte. Curr Biol 1994, 4:289-300.
15. Yisraeli JK, Sokol S, Melton DA: A two-step model for the localization of maternal mRNA in Xenopus oocytes: involvement of microtubules and microfilaments in the translocation and anchoring of Vg1 mRNA. Development 1990, 108:289-298.
16. Litman P, Behar L, Elisha Z, Yisraeli JK, Ginzburg I: Exogenous • tau RNA Is localized in oocytes: possible evidence for evolutionary conservation of localization mechanisms. Dev Biol 1996, 176:86-94. The results presented herein suggest that the microtubule-dependent transport system used by Vg1 mRNA is conserved from frog to mammals.
17. Elisha Z, Havin L, Ringel I, Yisraeli JK: Vg1 RNA binding protein mediates the association of Vg1 RNA with microtubules in Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J 1995, 14:5109-5114. Describes the characterization of a Vg1 RNA binding protein that serves as an adaptor for Vg1 RNA binding to microtubules.
18. Han JR, Yiu GK, Hecht NB: Testis/brain RNA-binding protein attaches translationally repressed and transported mRNAs to microtubules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995, 92:9550-9554.
19. Robb DL, Heasman J, Raats J, Wylie C: A kinesin-like protein is required for germ plasm aggregation in Xenopus. Cell 1996, 87:823-831. Xklp1 is required for germ plasm aggregation and consequently germ cell formation. Xklp1 depletion disrupts germ plasm aggregation but not the structure of the microtubule cytoskeleton. This paper presents the first example of a microtubule-dependent motor protein that is involved in the segregation of developmental determinants.
20. Singer RH, Langevin GL, Lawrence JB: Ultrastructural visualization of cytoskeletal mRNAs and their associated proteins using double-label in situ hybridization. J Cell Biol 1989, 108:2343-2353.
21. + RNA during polarization of the Fucus zygote is dependent upon microfilaments. Dev Biol 1995, 171:258-261.
22. ••].
23. ••], describes the striking result that, in addition to microtubules, a cytoplasmic tropomyosin is essential for oskar mRNA localization. This implies that actin-binding proteins and therefore microfilaments are involved in Drosophila mRNA localization.
24. Manseau L, Calley J, Phan H: Profilin is required for posterior patterning of the Drosophila oocyte. Development 1996, 122:2109-2116.
25. Emmons S, Phan H, Calley J, Chen W, James B, Manseau L: cappucino, a Drosophila maternal effect gene required for polarity of the egg and embryo, is related to the vertebrate limb deformity locus. Genes Dev 1995, 9:2482-2494.
26. Hirata J, Nakagoshi H, Nabeshima Y-I, Matsuzaki F: Asymmetric segregation of the homeodomain protein Prospero during Drosophila development Nature 1995, 377:627-630.
27. Knoblich JA, Jan LY, Jan YN: Asymmetric segregation of Numb and Prospero during cell division. Nature 1995, 377:624-627.
28. Kraut R, Chia W, Jan LY, Jan YN, Knoblich JA: Role of inscuteable in orienting asymmetric cell divisions in Drosophila. Nature 1996, 383:50-55. Inscuteable controls cell fate in Drosophila neurogenesis by establishing proper Numb and Prospero localization and asymmetric distribution during mitosis. Inscuteable's function is dependent on its proper localization to the cell cortex, a process which requires microfilaments but is independent of microtubules.
29. Hill DP, Strome S: Brief cytochalasin-induced disruption of microfilaments during a critical interval in 1-cell C. elegans embryos alters the partitioning of developmental instructions to the 2-cell embryo. Development 1990, 108:159-172.
30. Guo S, Kemphues KJ: Molecular genetics of asymmetric cleavage in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. Curr Opin Genet Dev 1996, 6:408-415.
31. Guo S, Kemphues KJ: par-1, a gene required for establishing polarity in C. elegans embryos, encodes a putative Ser/Thr kinase that is asymmetrically distributed. Cell 1995, 81:611-620.
32. Etemad-Moghadam B, Guo S, Kemphues KJ: Asymmetrically distributed PAR-3 protein contributes to cell polarity and spindle alignment in early C. elegans embryos. Cell 1995, 83:743-752.
33. Guo S, Kemphues KJ: A non-muscle myosin required for embryonic polarity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 1996, 382:455-458. The C. elegans unconventional myosin NMY-2 is essential for the proper segregation of certain lineage determinants, namely, the PAR-1, PAR-2, and PAR-3 proteins. It was identified by its ability to directly bind PAR-1 in vitro. The identification of NMY-2 as being required for PAR protein distribution suggests an essential role of microfilaments in asymmetric determinant segregation.
34. ••].
35. ••].
36. •].
37. Kohno H, Tanaka K, Mino A, Umikawa M, Imamura H, Fujiwara T, Fujita Y, Hotta K, Quadota H, Watanabe T et al.: Bni1p implicated in cytoskeletal control is a putative target of Rho1 p small GTP binding protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J 1996, 15:6060-6068.
38. Wendland B, McCaffery JM, Xiao Q, Emr SD: A novel fluorescence-activated cell sorter-based screen for yeast endocytosis mutants identifies a yeast homologue of mammalian eps15. J Cell Biol 1996, 135:1485-1500.
39. Langford GM: Actin- and microtubule-dependent organelle motors: interrelationships between the two motility systems. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1995, 7:82-88.