Fundamental and biotechnological applications of phytochrome transgenes

Plant, Cell and Environment

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 831-839

  Robson, P R H ^a   Smith, H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Genetic engineering; Photomorphogenesis; Phytochrome; Shade avoidance; Transgenic plants

Indexed keywords

NICOTIANA OBTUSIFOLIA; NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 0030910846     PISSN: 01407791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-106.x     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Adam E., Deak M., Kay S., Chua N.-H. Nagy F. (1993) Sequence of a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) gene coding for a Type A phytochrome. Plant Physiology 101, 1407-1408.
2. Adam E., Szell M., Szekeres M., Schäfer E. Nagy F. (1994) The developmental and tissue-specific expression of tobacco phytochrome-A genes. The Plant Journal 6, 283-293.
3. Adam E., Kozma-Bognar L., Kolar C., Schäfer E. Nagy F. (1996) The tissue-specific expression of a tobacco phytochrome B gene. Plant Physiology 110, 1081-1088.
4. Ballaré C.L., Scopel A.L. & Sánchez R.A. (1997) Foraging for light: photosensory ecology and agricultural implications. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 820-825.
5. Bagnall D.J., King R.W., Whitelam G.C., Boylan M.T., Wagner D. Quail P.H. (1995) Flowering responses to altered expression of phytochrome in mutants and transgenic lines of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Plant Physiology 108, 1495-1503.
6. Boylan M.T., Douglas N. & Quail P.H. (1994) Dominant negative suppression of Arabidopsis photoresponses by mutant phytochrome A sequences identifies spatially discrete regulatory domains in the photoreceptor. The Plant Cell 6, 449-460.
7. Boylan M.T. & Quail P.H. (1989) Oat phytochrome is biologically active in transgenic tomatoes. Plant Cell 1, 765-773.
8. Boylan M.T. & Quail P.H. (1991) Phytochrome A overexpression inhibits hypocotyl elongation in transgenic Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 88, 10806-10810.
9. Bradley J.M., Murphy O.P., Whitelam G.C. & Harberd N.P. (1996) Identification of phytochrome B amino acid residues mutated in three new phyB mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany 47, 1449-1455.
10. Brockmann J. & Schäfer E. (1982) Analysis of Pfr destruction in Amaranthus caudatus L. Evidence for two pools of phytochrome. Photochemistry and Photobiology 35, 555-558.
11. Casal J.J. & Sánchez R.A. (1994) Overexpression of oat phytochrome A gene differentially affects stem growth responses to red/far-red ratio signals characteristic of sparse or dense canopies. Plant, Cell and Environment 17, 409-417.
12. Casal J.J., Clough R.C. &Vierstra R.D. (1996) High-irradiance responses induced by far-red light in grass seedlings of the wild type or overexpressing phytochrome A. Planta 200, 132-137.
13. Cherry J.R., Hershey H.P. & Vierstra R.D. (1991) Characterisation of tobacco expressing functional oat phytochrome: domains responsible for the rapid degradation of Pfr are conserved between monocots and dicots. Plant Physiology 96, 775-785.
14. Cherry J.R., Hondred D., Walker J.M. Vierstra R.D. (1992) Phytochrome requires the 6-kDa N-terminal domain for full biological activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 89, 5039-5043.
15. Cherry J.R., Hondred D., Walker J.M., Keller J.M. Hershey H.P. & Vierstra R.D. (1993) Carboxy-terminal deletion analysis of oat phytochrome A reveals the presence of separate domains required for structure and biological activity. Plant Cell 5, 565-575.
16. Clack T., Mathews S. & Sharrock R.A. (1994) The phytochrome apoprotein family in Arabidopsis is encoded by five genes: the sequences and expression of PHYD and PHYE. Plant Molecular Biology 25, 413-427.
17. Clough R.C., Casal J.J., Jordan E.T., Christou P. & Vierstra R.D. (1995) Expression of functional oat phytochrome A in transgenic rice. Plant Physiology 109, 1039-1045.
18. Deforce L., Tomizawa K.-I., Ito N., Farrens D., Song P.-S. & Furuya M. (1991) In vitro assembly of apophytochrome and apophytochrome deletion mutants expressed in yeast with phycocyanobilin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 88, 10392-10396.
19. Dehesh K., Franci C., Parks B.M., Seeley K.A., Short T.W., Tepperman J.M. & Quail P.H. (1993) Arabidopsis HY8 locus encodes phytochrome A. Plant Cell 5, 1081-1088.
20. Dehesh K., Tepperman J., Christensen A.H. Quail P.H. (1991) PhyB is evolutionarily conserved and constitutively expressed in rice seedling shoots. Molecular and General Genetics 225, 305-313.
21. Edgerton M.D. & Jones A.M. (1992) Localization of protein protein interactions between subunits of phytochrome. Plant Cell 4, 161-171.
22. Emmier K., Kretsch T. & Schäfer E. (1996) Overexpression of rice phytochrome A in tobacco seedlings modifies responsiveness but not competence to phytochrome. Planta 199, 50-56.
23. Emmier K., Stockhaus J., Chua N.-H. & Schäfer E. (1995) An amino-terminal deletion of rice phytochrome A results in a dominant negative suppression of tobacco phytochrome A activity in transgenic tobacco seedlings. Planta 197, 103-110.
24. R allele. Plant Physiology 105, 941-948.
25. Hanelt S., Braun B., Marx S. Schneider-Poetsch H.A.W. (1992) Phytochrome evolution: a phylogenetic tree with the first complete sequence of phytochrome from a cryptogamic plant (Selaginella martensii spring). Photochemistry and Photobiology 56, 751-758.
26. Hangarter R.P. (1997) Gravity, light and plant form. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 796-800.
27. Hauser B.A., Cordonnier-Pratt M.-M., Daniel-Vedele F. & Pratt L.H. (1995) The phytochrome gene family in tomato includes a novel subfamily. Plant Molecular Biology 29, 1143-1155.
28. Hershey H.P., Barker R.F., Idler K.B., Lissemore J.L. & Quail P.H. (1985) Analysis of cloned cDNA and genomic sequences for phytochrome: complete amino acid sequences for two gene products expressed in etiolated Avena. Nucleic Acids Research 13, 8543-8559.
29. Heyer A.G., Mozley D., Landschütze V., Thomas B. & Gatz C. (1995) Function of phytochrome A in potato plants as revealed through the study of transgenic plants. Plant Physiology 109, 53-61.
30. Hillman W.S. (1967) The physiology of phytochrome. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 18, 301-324.
31. Jefferson R.A., Kavanaugh T.A. & Bevan M.W. (1987) GUS fusions: (-glucoronidase is a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. EMBO Journal 6, 3901-3907.
32. Johnson E., Bradley M., Harberd N. P. & Whitelam G. C. (1994) Photoresponses of light-grown phyA mutants of Arabidopsis. Phytochrome AA is required for the perception of daylength extensions. Plant Physiology 105, 141-149.
33. Jordan E.T., Hatfield P.M., Hondred D., Talon M., Zeevaart J.A.D. & Vierstra R.D. (1995) Phytochrome A overexpression in transgenic tobacco. Correlation of dwarf phenotype with high concentrations of phytochrome in vascular tissue and attenuated gibberellin levels. Plant Physiology 107, 797-805.
34. Kunkel T., Neuhaus G., Batschauer A., Chua N.-H. & Schäfer E. (1996) Functional analysis of yeast-derived phytochrome A and phytochrome B phycocyanobilin adducts. The Plant Journal 10, 6225-636.
35. Lagarias J.C. & Lagarias D.M. (1989) Self-assembly of phytochrome holoprotein in vitro. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 86, 5778-5780.
36. Liscum E. & Hangarter R.P. (1993) Genetic evidence that the red-absorbing form of phytochrome B modulated gravitropism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiology 103, 15-19.
37. McCormac A.C., Cherry J.R., Hershey H.P., Vierstra R.D. & Smith H. (1991) Photoresponses of transgenic tobacco plants expressing an oat phytochrome gene. Planta 185, 162-170.
38. McCormac A.C., Wagner D., Boylan M.T., Quail P.H., Smith H. & Whitelam G.C. (1993) Photoresponses of transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings expressing introduced phytochrome B-encoding cDNAs: evidence that phytochrome A and phytochrome B have distinct photoregulatory functions. The Plant Journal 4, 19-27.
39. McCormac A.C., Whitelam G.C. & Smith H. (1992) Light-grown plants of transgenic tobacco expressing an introduced oat phytochrome A gene under the control of a constitutive viral promoter exhibit persistent growth inhibition by far-red light Planta 188, 173-181.
40. Nagatani A., Kay S.A., Deak M., Chua N.-H. & Furuya M. (1991) Rice type I phytochrome regulates hypocotyl elongation in transgenic tobacco seedlings. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88, 5207-5211.
41. Neuhaus G., Bowler C., Kern R. Chua N.-H. (1993) Calcium/calmodulin-dependent and -independent phytochrome signal transduction pathways. Cell 73, 1177-1186.
42. Poppe C., Hangarter R.P., Sharrock R.A., Nagy F. Schäfer E. (1996) The light-induced reduction of the gravitropic growth-orientation of seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Is a photomorphogenic response mediated synergistically by the far-red-absorbing forms of phytochromes A and B. Planta 199, 511-514.
43. Pratt L.H., Cordonnier-Pratt M.-M., Kelmenson P.M., Lazarova G.I., Kubota T. & Alba R.M. (1997) Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 672-677.
44. Quail P.M. (1997) An emerging molecular map of the phytochromes. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 657-665.
45. Reed J.W., Nagpal P., Poole D.S., Furuya M. & Chory J. (1993) Mutations in the gene for red/far-red light receptor phytochrome B alter cell elongation and physiological responses throughout Arabidopsis development. The Plant Cell 5, 147-157.
46. Robson P.R.H., McCormac A.C., Irvine A.S. & Smith H. (1996) Genetic engineering of harvest index in tobacco through overexpression of a phytochrome gene. Nature Biotechnology 14, 995-998.
47. Robson P.R.H. & Smith H. (1996) Genetic and transgenic evidence that phytochromes A and B act to modulate the gravitropic orientation of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls. Plant Physiology 110, 211-216.
48. Robson P.R.H., Whitelam G.C., Smith H. (1993) Selected components of the shade-avoidance syndrome are displayed in a normal manner in mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa deficient in phytochrome B. Plant Physiology 102, 1179-1184.
49. Sakamoto K. & Nagatani A. (1996) Nuclear localization activity of phytochrome B. The Plant Journal 10, 859-868.
50. Sato N. (1988) Nucleotide sequence and expression of the phytochrome gene in Pisum sativum: differential regulation by light of multiple transcripts. Plant Molecular Biology 11, 697-710.
51. Schäfer E., Emmler K. & Chua N.-H. (1994) Rice phytochrome A controls apical hook opening after a single light pulse in transgenic tobacco seedlings. The Plant Journal 6, 935-940.
52. Schmitt J. (1997) Is photomorphogenic shade avoidance adaptive? Perspectives from population biology. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 826-830.
53. Schmitt J., McCormac A.C. & Smith H. (1995) A test of the adaptive plasticity hypothesis using transgenic and mutant plants disabled in phytochrome-mediated elongation responses to neighbours. The American Naturalist 146, 937-953.
54. Schneider-Poetsch H.A.W. (1992) Signal transduction by phytochrome: phytochromes have a module related to the transmitter modules of bacterial sensor proteins. Photochemistry and Photobiology 56, 839-846.
55. Sharrock R.A., Lissemore J.L. & Quail P.H. (1986) Nucleotide and amino acid sequence of a Cucurbita phytochrome cDNA clone: identification of conserved features by comparison with Avena phytochrome. Gene 47, 287-295.
56. Sharrock R.A. & Quail P.H. (1989) Novel phytochrome sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana: structure, evolution and differential expression of a plant regulatory photoreceptor family. Genes and Development 3, 1745-1757.
57. Smith H. (1992) Ecology of photomorphogenesis: clues to a transgenic programme of crop plant improvement Photochemistry and Photobiology 56, 815-822.
58. Smith H. (1994a) Sensing the light environment: The functions of the phytochrome family. In Photomorphogenesis in Plants, 2nd edn (eds R.E. Kendrick & G.H.M. Kronenberg), pp. 377-416 Kluwer, Dordrecht.
59. Smith H. (1994b) Phytochrome transgenics: functional, ecological and biotechnological applications. Seminars in Cell Biology 5, 315-325.
60. Smith H. (1995) Physiological and ecological function within the phytochrome family. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 46, 289-315.
61. Smith H. & Whitelam G.C. (1990) Phytochrome, a family of photoreceptors with multiple physiological roles. Plant, Cell and Environment 13, 695-707.
62. Smith H. & Whitelam G.C. (1997) The shade avoidance syndrome: multiple responses mediated by multiple phytochromes. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 840-844.
63. Smith H., Xu Y. & Quail P.H. (1997) Antagonistic but complementary actions of phytochromes A and B allow optimum seedling de-etiolation. Plant Physiology, in press.
64. Somers D.E. & Quail P.H. (1995a) Phytochrome-mediated light regulation of PHYA- and PHYB-GUS transgenes in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Plant Physiology 107, 523-534.
65. Somers D.E. & Quail P.H. (1995b) Temporal and spatial expression patterns of PHYA and PHYB genes in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 7, 413-427.
66. Stockhaus J., Nagatani A., Halfter U., Kay S., Furuya M. & Chua N.-H. (1992) Serine-to-alanine substitutions at the amino-terminal region of phytochrome A result in an increase in biological activity. Genes and Development 6, 2364-2372.
67. Thümmler F., Algarra P. & Fobo G.M. (1995) Sequence similarities of phytochrome to protein kinases: implication for the structure, function and evolution of the phytochrome gene family. FEBS Letters 357, 149-155.
68. Thümmler F., Dufner M., Kreisl P. & Dittrich P. (1992a) Molecular cloning of a novel phytochrome gene of the moss Ceratodon purpureus which encodes a putative light-regulated protein kinase. Plant Molecular Biology 20, 1003-1017.
69. Thümmler F., Schuster H. & Bonenberger J. (1992b) Expression of oat phyA cDNA in the moss Ceratodon purpureus. Photochemistry and Photobiology 56, 771-776.
70. Tokuhisa J.G., Daniels S.M. & Quail P.H. (1985) Phytochrome in green tissue: spectral and immunochemical evidence for two distinct molecular species of phytochrome in light-grown Avena saliva L. Planta 164, 321-332.
71. Wagner D. & Quail P.H. (1995) Mutational analysis of phytochrome B identifies a small COOH-terminal-domain region critical for regulatory activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92, 8596-8600.
72. Wagner D., Fairchild C.D., Kuhn R.M. & Quail P.H. (1996a) Chromophore-bearing NH2-terminal domains of phytochromes A and B determine their photosensory specificity and differential light lability. Proceeding of the national Academy of Sciences USA 93, 4011-4015.
73. Wagner D., Koloszvari M. Quail P.H. (1996b) Two small spatially distinct regions of phytochrome B are required for efficient signalling rates. The Plant Cell 8, 859-871.
74. Wagner D., Tepperman J.M. & Quail P.H. (1991) Overexpression of phytochrome B induces a short hypocotyl phenotype in transgenic Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 3, 1275-1288.
75. Wahleithner J.A., Li L. & Lagarias J.C. (1991) Expression and assembly of spectrally active recombinant holophytochrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88, 10387-10391.
76. Wang Y.-C., Stewart S.J., Cordonnier M.-M. & Pratt L.H. (1991) Avena sativa L. contains three phytochromes, only one of which is abundant in etiolated tissue. Planta 184, 96-104.
77. Wester L., Somers D.E., Clack T. & Sharrock R.A. (1994) Transgenic complementation of the hy3 phytochrome B mutation and responses to PHYB gene copy number in Arabidopsis. the Plant Journal 5, 261-272.
78. Whitelam G.C. & Smith H. (1991) Retention of phytochrome-mediated shade-avoidance responses in phytochrome-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis, cucumber and tomato. Journal of Plant Physiology 139, 119-125.
79. Whitelam G.C., McCormac A.C., Boylan M.T. & Quail P.H. (1992) Photoresponses of Arabidopsis seedlings expressing an introduced oat phyA gene: persistence of etiolated plant type responses in light-grown plants. Photochemistry and Photobiology 56, 617-621.
80. Whitelam G.C., Johnson E., Peng J., Carol P., Anderson M.L., Cowl J.S. & Harberd N.P. (1993) Phytochrome A null mutants of Arabidopsis display a wild-type phenotype in white light. The Plant Cell 5, 757-768.
81. Winands A. & Wagner G. (1996) Phytochrome of the green alga Mougeotia: cDNA sequence, autoregulation and phylogenetic position. Plant Molecular Biology 32, 589-597.
82. Wu S.H. & Lagarias J.C. (1996) Structure-function studies of the photoreceptor phytochrome from the green alga Mesotaenium caldariorum. Plant Physiology 111 (Suppl.), 706.
83. Wu S.-H. & Lagarias J.C. (1997) The phytochrome photoreceptor in the green alga Mesotaenium caldariorum: implication for a conserved mechanism of phytochrome action. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 691-699.
84. Xu Y., Parks B.M., Short T.W. & Quail P.H. (1995) Missense mutations define a restricted segment in the C-terminal domain of phytochrome A critical to its regulatory activity. The Plant Cell 7, 1433-1443.
85. Yamamoto K.T. (1987) Structure-function relationship of pea phytochrome as deduced from amino-terminal sequence analysis of phytochrome chromopeptides. In Phytochrome and Photoregulation in Plants (ed. M. Furuya), pp. 63-81. Academic Press, Tokyo.