The shade avoidance syndrome: Multiple responses mediated by multiple phytochromes

Plant, Cell and Environment

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 840-844

  Smith, H ^a   Whitelam, G C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Mutants; Phytochromes; Shade avoidance

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031010072     PISSN: 01407791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-104.x     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Adamse P., Jaspers P.A.P.M., Bakker J.A., Kendrick R.E. & Koornneef M. (1988) Photophysiology and phytochrome content of long-hypocotyl mutant and wild-type cucumber seedlings. Plant Physiology 87, 264-268.
2. Adamse P., Jaspers P.A.P.M., Kendrick R.E. & Koornneef M. (1987) Photomorphogenetic responses of a long hypocotyl mutant of Cucumis sativus. Journal of Plant Physiology 127, 481-491.
3. Ballaré C.L., Scopel A.L. & Sánchez R.A. (1997) Foraging for light: photosensory ecology and agricultural implications. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 820-825.
4. Ballaré C.L., Sánchez R.A., Scopel A.L., Casai J.J. & Ghersa C.M. (1987) Early detection of neighbour plants by phytochrome perception of spectral changes in reflected sunlight. Plant, Cell and Environment 10, 551-557.
5. Ballaré C.L., Casal J.J. & Kendrick R.E. (1991) Responses of light-grown wild-type and long-hypocotyl mutant cucumber seedlings to natural and simulated shade light. Photochemistry and Photobiology 54, 819-826.
6. Casal J.J., Sánchez R.A. & Deregibus V.A. (1986) The effect of plant density on tillering: The involvement of R/FR ratio and the proportion of radiation intercepted per plant Environmental and Experimental Botany 26, 365-371.
7. Child R. & Smith H. (1987) Phytochrome action in light-grown mustard: Kinetics, fluence-rate compensation and ecological significance. Planta 172, 219-229.
8. Child R., Morgan D.C. & Smith H. (1981) Control of development in Chenopodium album by shadelight: The effect of light quality (Red: Far-red ratio) on morphogenesis. New Phytologist 89, 545-555.
9. Cumming B.C. (1963) The dependence of germination on photoperiod, light quality, and temperature in Chenopodium spp. Canadian Journal of Botany 41, 1211-1233.
10. Devlin P.F., Halliday K.J., Harberd N.P. & Whitelam G.C. (1996) The rosette habit of Arabidopsis thaliana is dependent upon phytochrome action: novel phytochromes control internode elongation and flowering time. Plant Journal 10, 1127-1134.
11. Devlin P.F., Rood S.B., Somers D.E., Quail P.H. & Whitelam G.C. (1992) Photophysiology of the elongated internode (ein) mutant of Brassica rapa: ein mutant lacks a detectable phytochrome B-like polypeptide. Plant Physiology 100, 1442-1447.
12. Devlin P.F., Somers D.E., Quail P.H. & Whitelam G.C. (1997) The ELONGATED INTERNODE (EIN) gene of Brassica rapa encodes phytochrome B. Plant Molecular Biology, in press.
13. Goto N., Kumagai T. & Koornneef M. (1991) Flowering responses to light-breaks in photomorphogenic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, a long-day plant Physiologia Plantarum 83, 209-215.
14. Grime J.P. (1979) Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes. Wiley, Chichester.
15. Halliday K.J., Koornneef M. & Whitelam G.C. (1994) Phytochrome B, and at least one other phytochrome, mediate the accelerated flowering response of Arabidopsis thaliana L. to low red: far-red ratio. Plant Physiology 104, 1311-1315.
16. Hendricks S.B. & Borthwick H.A. (1963) Control of plant growth by light. In Environmental Control of Plant Growth (ed. L. T. Evans), pp. 233-263. Academic Press, New York.
17. Holmes M.G. & Smith H. (1975) The function of phytochrome in plants growing in the natural environment. Nature 254, 512-514.
18. Holmes M.G. & Smith H. (1977) The function of phytochrome in the natural environment. II. The influence of vegetation canopies on the spectral energy distribution of natural daylight Photochemistry and Photobiology 25, 539-545.
19. Kasperbauer M.J. (1971) Spectral distribution of light in a tobacco canopy and effects of end-of-day light quality on growth and development. Plant Physiology 47, 775-778.
20. Kendrick R.E., Kerckhoffs L.H.J., Van Tuinen A. & Koornneef M. (1997) Photomorphogenic mutants of tomato. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 746-751.
21. Kerckhoffs L.H.J., Kendrick R.E., Whitelam G.C. & Smith H. (1992) Extension growth and anthocyanin responses of photomorphogenic tomato mutants to changes in the phytochrome photoequilibrium during the daily photoperiod. Photochemistry and Photobiology 56, 611-616.
22. Kerckhoffs L.H.J., van Tuinen A., Hauser B.A., CordonnierPratt M.M., Nagatani A., Koornneef M., Pratt L.H. & Kendrick R.E. (1996) Molecular analysis of tri mutant alleles in tomato indicates the TRI locus is the gene encoding the apoprotein of phytochrome B1. Planta 199, 152-157.
23. López-Juez E., Buurmeijer W.F., Heeringa G.H., Kendrick R.E. & Wesselius J.C. (1990) Response of light-grown wild-type and long hypocotyl mutant cucumber plants to end-of-day far-red light. Photochemistry and Photobiology 52, 143-149.
24. López-Juez E., Nagatani A., Tomizawa K-I., Deak M., Kern R., Kendrick R.E. & Furuya M. (1992) The cucumber long hypocotyl mutant lacks a light-stable PHYB-like phytochrome. The Plant Cell 4, 241-251.
25. McLaren J.S. & Smith H. (1978) The function of phytochrome in the natural environment. VI. Phytochrome control of the growth and development of Rumex obtusifolius under simulated canopy light environments. Plant, Cell and Environment 1, 61-67.
26. Morgan D.C. & Smith H. (1976) Linear relationship between phytochrome photoequilibrium and growth in plants under simulated natural radiation. Nature 262, 210-212.
27. Morgan D.C. & Smith H. (1978) The function of phytochrome in the natural environment. VII. The relationship between phytochrome photo-equilibrium and development in light-grown Chenopodium album L. Planta 142, 187-193.
28. Morgan D.C. & Smith H. (1979) A systematic relationship between phytochrome-controlled development and species habitat for plants grown in simulated natural radiation. Planta 145, 253-259.
29. Morgan D.C. & Smith H. (1981) Control of development in Chenopodium album L. by shadelight: The effect of light quantity (total fluence rate) and light quality (red: far-red ratio). New Phytologist 88, 239-249.
30. Nagatani A., Chory J. & Furuya M. (1991) Phytochrome B is not detectable in the hy3 mutant of Arabidopsis, which is deficient in responding to end-of-day far-red light treatments. Plant Cell Physiology 32, 1119-1122.
31. Reed J.W., Nagpal P., Poole D.S., Furuya M. & Chory J. (1993) Mutations in the gene for red/far-red light receptor phytochrome B alter cell elongation and physiological responses throughout Arabidopsis development. The Plant Cell 5, 147-157.
32. Robson P.R.H., Whitelam G.C. & Smith H. (1993) Selected components of the shade avoidance syndrome are displayed in a normal manner in mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa deficient in phytochrome B. Plant Physiology 102, 1179-1184.
33. Schmitt J. (1997) Is photomorphogenic shade avoidance adaptive? Perspectives from population biology. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 826-830.
34. Schmitt J., McCormac A.C. & Smith H. (1995) A test of the adaptive plasticity hypothesis using transgenic and mutant plants disabled in phytochrome-mediated elongation responses to neighbors. American Naturalist 146, 937-953.
35. Smith H. & Holmes M.G. (1977) The function of phytochrome in the natural environment. III. Measurement and calculation of phytochrome photoequilibrium. Photochemistry and Photobiology 25, 547-550.
36. Smith, H., Xu Y. & Quail P.H. (1997) Antagonistic but complementary actions of phytochromes A and B allow optimum seedling de-etiolation. Plant Physiology, in press.
37. Smith H., Turnbull M. & Kendrick R.E. (1992) Light-grown plants of the cucumber long hypocotyl mutant exhibit both long-term and rapid elongation growth responses to irradiation with supplementary far-red light. Photochemistry and Photobiology 56, 607-610.
38. Somers D.E., Sharrock R.A., Tepperman J.M. & Quail P.H. (1991) The hy3 long hypocotyl mutant of Arabidopsis is deficient in phytochrome B. The Plant Cell 3, 1263-1274.
39. van Tuinen A., Kerckhoffs L.H.J., Nagatani A., Kendrick R.E. & Koornneef M. (1995) A temporarily red light-insensitive mutant of tomato lacks a light-stable, B-like phytochrome. Plant Physiology 108, 939-947.
40. Vazquez-Yanes C. & Smith H. (1982) Phytochrome control of seed germination in the tropical rain forest pioneer trees Cecropia obtusifolia and Piper auritum and its ecological significance. New Phytologist 92, 477-48.
41. Whitelam G.C. & Johnson C.B. (1982) Photomorphogenesis in Impatiens parviflora and other species under simulated natural canopy radiation. New Phytologist 90, 611-618.
42. Whitelam G.C. & Devlin P.E. (1997) Roles of different phytochromes in Arabidopsis photomorphogenesis. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 752-758.
43. Whitelam G.C. & Smith H. (1991) Retention of phytochrome-mediated shade avoidance responses in phytochrome-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis, cucumber and tomato. Journal of Plant Physiology 139, 119-125.
44. Yanovsky M.J., Casal J.J. & Whitelam G.C. (1995) Phytochrome A, phytochrome B and HY4 are involved in hypocotyl growth responses to natural radiation in Arabidopsis: Weak de-etiolation of the phyA mutant under dense canopies. Plant, Cell and Environment 18, 788-794.