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Volumn 119, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 1406-1415

Tuning the singlet-triplet energy gap in a non-Kekule series by designed structural variation. The singlet states of N-substituted-3,4-dimethylenepyrrole biradicals

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PYRROLE DERIVATIVE;

EID: 0030896462     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja963113k     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (39)

References (59)
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    • Unpublished results, Yale University
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    • note
    • rel results is dubious. For example, a closer inspection reveals that although the shape of the PM3/CI and AM1-CI curves are similar, the actual order of the points is disturbingly different. Thus, although we had expected arenesulfonyl to be more effective than acetyl in diminishing thepreference for the singlet, the PM3-CI calculations reversed this order, predicting that acetyl would be more effective than benzenesulfonyl. Fortunately, our experimental results eventually showed that arenesulfonyl was better for our purpose than aliphatic acyl, although the reasons for this turned out to be more intricate than the simple EWG considerations that had guided our earlier thinking.
  • 31
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    • Ph. D. Dissertation, Yale University, New Haven, CT
    • (b) Bush, L. C. Ph. D. Dissertation, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 1994, pp 102-106.
    • (1994) , pp. 102-106
    • Bush, L.C.1
  • 32
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    • note
    • 4 has been reported. 18b-f We also have applied this reaction to the cases of the tosyl derivative 14f and the corresponding benzenesulfonyl derivative.
  • 36
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    • (d) Umezawa, B.; Hoshino, C; Sawaki, S. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1969, 17, 1115, 1120; 1970, 18, 182.
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    • See the Supporting Information
    • See the Supporting Information.
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    • and references cited therein
    • Summarized: (a) Berson, J. A. Ace. Chem. Res. 1978, 11, 446 and references cited therein. (b) Berson, J. A. In Diradicals; Borden, W. T., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1982; Chapter 4. (c) Duncan, C. D.; Corwin, L. C.: Davis, J. H.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 2350. (d) Berson, J. A.; Duncan, C. D.: O'Connell, G. C.; Platz, M. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 2358. (e) Bushby, R. J.; McBride, J. M.; Tremelling, M.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1544. (f) Closs, G. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1545
    • (1978) Ace. Chem. Res. , vol.11 , pp. 446
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  • 44
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    • Borden, W. T., Ed.; Wiley: New York, Chapter 4
    • Summarized: (a) Berson, J. A. Ace. Chem. Res. 1978, 11, 446 and references cited therein. (b) Berson, J. A. In Diradicals; Borden, W. T., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1982; Chapter 4. (c) Duncan, C. D.; Corwin, L. C.: Davis, J. H.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 2350. (d) Berson, J. A.; Duncan, C. D.: O'Connell, G. C.; Platz, M. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 2358. (e) Bushby, R. J.; McBride, J. M.; Tremelling, M.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1544. (f) Closs, G. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1545
    • (1982) Diradicals
    • Berson, J.A.1
  • 45
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    • Summarized: (a) Berson, J. A. Ace. Chem. Res. 1978, 11, 446 and references cited therein. (b) Berson, J. A. In Diradicals; Borden, W. T., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1982; Chapter 4. (c) Duncan, C. D.; Corwin, L. C.: Davis, J. H.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 2350. (d) Berson, J. A.; Duncan, C. D.: O'Connell, G. C.; Platz, M. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 2358. (e) Bushby, R. J.; McBride, J. M.; Tremelling, M.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1544. (f) Closs, G. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1545
    • (1980) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.102 , pp. 2350
    • Duncan, C.D.1    Corwin, L.C.2    Davis, J.H.3    Berson, J.A.4
  • 46
    • 0013189119 scopus 로고
    • Summarized: (a) Berson, J. A. Ace. Chem. Res. 1978, 11, 446 and references cited therein. (b) Berson, J. A. In Diradicals; Borden, W. T., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1982; Chapter 4. (c) Duncan, C. D.; Corwin, L. C.: Davis, J. H.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 2350. (d) Berson, J. A.; Duncan, C. D.: O'Connell, G. C.; Platz, M. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 2358. (e) Bushby, R. J.; McBride, J. M.; Tremelling, M.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1544. (f) Closs, G. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1545
    • (1976) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.98 , pp. 2358
    • Berson, J.A.1    Duncan, C.D.2    O'Connell, G.C.3    Platz, M.S.4
  • 47
    • 85022280039 scopus 로고
    • Summarized: (a) Berson, J. A. Ace. Chem. Res. 1978, 11, 446 and references cited therein. (b) Berson, J. A. In Diradicals; Borden, W. T., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1982; Chapter 4. (c) Duncan, C. D.; Corwin, L. C.: Davis, J. H.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 2350. (d) Berson, J. A.; Duncan, C. D.: O'Connell, G. C.; Platz, M. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 2358. (e) Bushby, R. J.; McBride, J. M.; Tremelling, M.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1544. (f) Closs, G. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1545
    • (1971) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.93 , pp. 1544
    • Bushby, R.J.1    McBride, J.M.2    Tremelling, M.3    Berson, J.A.4
  • 48
    • 1842270134 scopus 로고
    • Summarized: (a) Berson, J. A. Ace. Chem. Res. 1978, 11, 446 and references cited therein. (b) Berson, J. A. In Diradicals; Borden, W. T., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1982; Chapter 4. (c) Duncan, C. D.; Corwin, L. C.: Davis, J. H.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 2350. (d) Berson, J. A.; Duncan, C. D.: O'Connell, G. C.; Platz, M. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 2358. (e) Bushby, R. J.; McBride, J. M.; Tremelling, M.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1544. (f) Closs, G. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1545
    • (1971) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.93 , pp. 1545
    • Closs, G.L.1
  • 49
    • 1842319128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 13f before capture, or because the singlet reacts much faster than the triplet. For this reason, this experiment cannot be used to assign the spin of the ground state.
  • 53
    • 1842393559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 13C NMR signal for singlet 3f by methods used in other systems 27 are described elsewhere:
  • 54
    • 1842302060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference 17b, pp 99-106
    • (b) Reference 17b, pp 99-106.


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