-
1
-
-
84949807511
-
-
(a) Preliminary communication: Bush, L. C.; Heath, R. B.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 117, 9830.
-
(1993)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.117
, pp. 9830
-
-
Bush, L.C.1
Heath, R.B.2
Berson, J.A.3
-
2
-
-
33751385642
-
-
(b) Heath, R. B.; Bush, L. C.; Feng, X. W.: Berson, J. A.; Scaiano, J. C.; Berinstain, A. B. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13355.
-
(1993)
J. Phys. Chem.
, vol.97
, pp. 13355
-
-
Heath, R.B.1
Bush, L.C.2
Feng, X.W.3
Berson, J.A.4
Scaiano, J.C.5
Berinstain, A.B.6
-
3
-
-
0030896462
-
-
(c) Accompanying paper: Bush, L. C.; Heath, R. B.; Feng, X. W.; Wang, P. A.: Maksimovic, L.; Song, A. I. H.; Chung, W.-S.; Berinstain, A. B.; Scaiano, J. C.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 1406.
-
(1997)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.119
, pp. 1406
-
-
Bush, L.C.1
Heath, R.B.2
Feng, X.W.3
Wang, P.A.4
Maksimovic, L.5
Song, A.I.H.6
Chung, W.-S.7
Berinstain, A.B.8
Scaiano, J.C.9
Berson, J.A.10
-
9
-
-
33845375468
-
-
(a) Dowd, P.; Chang, W.; Paik, Y. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 7416.
-
(1986)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.108
, pp. 7416
-
-
Dowd, P.1
Chang, W.2
Paik, Y.H.3
-
10
-
-
0037517602
-
-
(b) Dowd, P.; Chang, W.; Paik, Y. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5284.
-
(1987)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.109
, pp. 5284
-
-
Dowd, P.1
Chang, W.2
Paik, Y.H.3
-
11
-
-
84985634220
-
-
(c) Roth, W. R.; Kowalczik, U.; Maier, G.; Reisenauer, H. P.; Sustmann, R.: Müller, W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1987, 26, 1285.
-
(1987)
Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.
, vol.26
, pp. 1285
-
-
Roth, W.R.1
Kowalczik, U.2
Maier, G.3
Reisenauer, H.P.4
Sustmann, R.5
Müller, W.6
-
12
-
-
1842356844
-
-
note
-
13C NMR spectroscopy, as is reported 5 for several other singlet biradicals. So far, our attempts to apply these methods to the case of 1b have encountered insuperable experimental obstacles and are described elsewhere. 6
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
0039484390
-
-
(a) Zilm, K. W.; Merrill, R. A.; Greenberg, M. M.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 1567.
-
(1987)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.109
, pp. 1567
-
-
Zilm, K.W.1
Merrill, R.A.2
Greenberg, M.M.3
Berson, J.A.4
-
14
-
-
0041950496
-
-
(b) Zilm, K. W.; Merrill, R. A.; Webb, G. G.; Greenberg, M. M.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1523.
-
(1989)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.111
, pp. 1523
-
-
Zilm, K.W.1
Merrill, R.A.2
Webb, G.G.3
Greenberg, M.M.4
Berson, J.A.5
-
15
-
-
0042451063
-
-
(c) Greenberg, M. M.; Blackstock, S. C.; Berson, J. A.; Merrill, R. A.; Duchamp, J. C.; Zilm, K. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2318.
-
(1991)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.113
, pp. 2318
-
-
Greenberg, M.M.1
Blackstock, S.C.2
Berson, J.A.3
Merrill, R.A.4
Duchamp, J.C.5
Zilm, K.W.6
-
16
-
-
0011172449
-
-
(d) Reynolds, J. H.; Berson, J. A.; Kumashiro, K. K.; Duchamp, J. C.; Zilm, K. W.; Rubello, A.; Vogel, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 763.
-
(1992)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.114
, pp. 763
-
-
Reynolds, J.H.1
Berson, J.A.2
Kumashiro, K.K.3
Duchamp, J.C.4
Zilm, K.W.5
Rubello, A.6
Vogel, P.7
-
17
-
-
0000087820
-
-
(e) Reynolds, J. H.; Berson, J. A.; Kumashiro, K. K.; Duchamp, J. C.; Zilm, K. W.; Scaiano, J. C.; Berinstain, A. B.; Rubello, A.; Vogel, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8073.
-
(1993)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.115
, pp. 8073
-
-
Reynolds, J.H.1
Berson, J.A.2
Kumashiro, K.K.3
Duchamp, J.C.4
Zilm, K.W.5
Scaiano, J.C.6
Berinstain, A.B.7
Rubello, A.8
Vogel, P.9
-
18
-
-
1842320111
-
-
Ph. D. Dissertation, Yale University, New Haven, CT
-
(a) Bush, L. C. Ph. D. Dissertation, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 1994.
-
(1994)
-
-
Bush, L.C.1
-
24
-
-
1842385698
-
-
(e) Adam, W.; Gillaspey, W. D.: Peters, E.-M.: Peters, K: Rosenthal, R. J.; von Schnering, H. G. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 580.
-
(1985)
J. Org. Chem.
, vol.50
, pp. 580
-
-
Adam, W.1
Gillaspey, W.D.2
Peters, E.-M.3
Peters, K.4
Rosenthal, R.J.5
Von Schnering, H.G.6
-
27
-
-
0001744348
-
-
and references cited therein
-
Adams, J. S.; Weisman, R. B.: Engel, P. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9115 and references cited therein.
-
(1990)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.112
, pp. 9115
-
-
Adams, J.S.1
Weisman, R.B.2
Engel, P.S.3
-
30
-
-
0003921563
-
-
McGraw-Hill: New York, Chapter 10 and references cited therein
-
(a) Wertz, J. E.; Bolton, J. R. Electron Spin Resonance; McGraw-Hill: New York, 1972; Chapter 10 and references cited therein.
-
(1972)
Electron Spin Resonance
-
-
Wertz, J.E.1
Bolton, J.R.2
-
32
-
-
0003673645
-
-
Platz, M. S., Ed.; Plenum, New York
-
(c) For a review of such effects, cf.: Platz, M. S. In Kinetics and Spectroscopy of Carbenes and Diradicals; Platz, M. S., Ed.; Plenum, New York, 1990.
-
(1990)
Kinetics and Spectroscopy of Carbenes and Diradicals
-
-
Platz, M.S.1
-
33
-
-
0011481032
-
-
(a) Abad, A.; Mellier, D.; Pète, J. P.; Portella, C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1971, 4555.
-
(1971)
Tetrahedron Lett.
, pp. 4555
-
-
Abad, A.1
Mellier, D.2
Pète, J.P.3
Portella, C.4
-
35
-
-
85007910705
-
-
(c) Umezawa, B.; Hoshino, C.; Sawaki, S. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1969, 17, 1115, 1120; 1970, 18, 182.
-
(1969)
Chem. Pharm. Bull.
, vol.17
, pp. 1115
-
-
Umezawa, B.1
Hoshino, C.2
Sawaki, S.3
-
36
-
-
85008546487
-
-
(c) Umezawa, B.; Hoshino, C.; Sawaki, S. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1969, 17, 1115, 1120; 1970, 18, 182.
-
(1970)
Chem. Pharm. Bull.
, vol.18
, pp. 182
-
-
-
37
-
-
0025967812
-
-
(d) Art, J. F.; Kestemont, J. P.; Soumillion, J. Ph. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 1425.
-
(1991)
Tetrahedron Lett.
, vol.32
, pp. 1425
-
-
Art, J.F.1
Kestemont, J.P.2
Soumillion, J.Ph.3
-
38
-
-
1842313430
-
-
Patai, S., Rappoport, Z., Eds.; John Wiley: New York, Chapter 13
-
(a) Horspool, W. M. In The Chemistry of Sulphonic Acids, Esters and their Derivatives; Patai, S., Rappoport, Z., Eds.; John Wiley: New York, 1991; Chapter 13.
-
(1991)
The Chemistry of Sulphonic Acids, Esters and Their Derivatives
-
-
Horspool, W.M.1
-
40
-
-
1842315270
-
-
note
-
-1, is large for a radical pair and would require that the radical partners remain close together. Since the same D value is observed in several different matrices, one would have to postulate that, fortuitously, the separation remains the same in all these media. Second, as already has been stated, no such triplet spectra are seen in the photolyses of model compounds such as N-tosylpyrrole or the cycloadducts of biradical 1b and alkenes. Third, to form, in the dark, the observed trapping product 18 from the Lb triplet preparations allegedly containing the 13-14 radical pair would require some such mechanism as thermal deazetation of the radical 14 at 193 K, followed by cycloaddition of the resulting triradical, followed by recombination of the resulting adduct monoradical with radical 13. We consider these joint requirements sufficient to render the radicalpair assignment highly improbable.
-
-
-
-
41
-
-
0003655201
-
-
Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Chapter 5
-
For discussions of heavy-atom effects on intersystem crossing, see: (a) McGlynn, S. P.; Azumi, T.; Kinoshita, M. Molecular Spectroscopy of the Triplet State; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1969; Chapter 5. (b) Michl, J.; Bonacic-Koutecky, V. Electronic Aspects of Organic Photochemistry; Wiley: New York, 1990; pp 24, 42. (c) Fisher, J. J.; Michl, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 583. (d) Koziar, J. C.; Cowan, D. O. Acc. Chem Res. 1978, 11, 334. (e) Turro, N. J. Modern Molecular Photochemistry; Benjamin-Curamings: New York, 1978; Chapter 6.
-
(1969)
Molecular Spectroscopy of the Triplet State
-
-
McGlynn, S.P.1
Azumi, T.2
Kinoshita, M.3
-
42
-
-
0003581880
-
-
Wiley: New York
-
For discussions of heavy-atom effects on intersystem crossing, see: (a) McGlynn, S. P.; Azumi, T.; Kinoshita, M. Molecular Spectroscopy of the Triplet State; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1969; Chapter 5. (b) Michl, J.; Bonacic-Koutecky, V. Electronic Aspects of Organic Photochemistry; Wiley: New York, 1990; pp 24, 42. (c) Fisher, J. J.; Michl, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 583. (d) Koziar, J. C.; Cowan, D. O. Acc. Chem Res. 1978, 11, 334. (e) Turro, N. J. Modern Molecular Photochemistry; Benjamin-Curamings: New York, 1978; Chapter 6.
-
(1990)
Electronic Aspects of Organic Photochemistry
, pp. 24
-
-
Michl, J.1
Bonacic-Koutecky, V.2
-
43
-
-
0001286926
-
-
For discussions of heavy-atom effects on intersystem crossing, see: (a) McGlynn, S. P.; Azumi, T.; Kinoshita, M. Molecular Spectroscopy of the Triplet State; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1969; Chapter 5. (b) Michl, J.; Bonacic-Koutecky, V. Electronic Aspects of Organic Photochemistry; Wiley: New York, 1990; pp 24, 42. (c) Fisher, J. J.; Michl, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 583. (d) Koziar, J. C.; Cowan, D. O. Acc. Chem Res. 1978, 11, 334. (e) Turro, N. J. Modern Molecular Photochemistry; Benjamin-Curamings: New York, 1978; Chapter 6.
-
(1987)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.109
, pp. 583
-
-
Fisher, J.J.1
Michl, J.2
-
44
-
-
0000521355
-
-
For discussions of heavy-atom effects on intersystem crossing, see: (a) McGlynn, S. P.; Azumi, T.; Kinoshita, M. Molecular Spectroscopy of the Triplet State; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1969; Chapter 5. (b) Michl, J.; Bonacic-Koutecky, V. Electronic Aspects of Organic Photochemistry; Wiley: New York, 1990; pp 24, 42. (c) Fisher, J. J.; Michl, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 583. (d) Koziar, J. C.; Cowan, D. O. Acc. Chem Res. 1978, 11, 334. (e) Turro, N. J. Modern Molecular Photochemistry; Benjamin-Curamings: New York, 1978; Chapter 6.
-
(1978)
Acc. Chem Res.
, vol.11
, pp. 334
-
-
Koziar, J.C.1
Cowan, D.O.2
-
45
-
-
0004344770
-
-
Benjamin-Curamings: New York, Chapter 6
-
For discussions of heavy-atom effects on intersystem crossing, see: (a) McGlynn, S. P.; Azumi, T.; Kinoshita, M. Molecular Spectroscopy of the Triplet State; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1969; Chapter 5. (b) Michl, J.; Bonacic-Koutecky, V. Electronic Aspects of Organic Photochemistry; Wiley: New York, 1990; pp 24, 42. (c) Fisher, J. J.; Michl, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 583. (d) Koziar, J. C.; Cowan, D. O. Acc. Chem Res. 1978, 11, 334. (e) Turro, N. J. Modern Molecular Photochemistry; Benjamin-Curamings: New York, 1978; Chapter 6.
-
(1978)
Modern Molecular Photochemistry
-
-
Turro, N.J.1
-
46
-
-
36849116768
-
-
Bijl, D.; Kainer, H.; Rose-Innes, A. C. J. Chem. Phys. 1959, 30, 765.
-
(1959)
J. Chem. Phys.
, vol.30
, pp. 765
-
-
Bijl, D.1
Kainer, H.2
Rose-Innes, A.C.3
-
47
-
-
0003655201
-
-
Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ
-
Reviews: (a) McGlynn, S. P.; Azumi, T.; Kinoshita, M. Molecular Spectroscopy of the Triplet State; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1969. (b) Wasserman, E.; Hutton, R. S. Acc. Chem. Res. 1977, 10, 21. (c) Reference 11a. (d) Berson, J. A. In The Chemistry of the Quinonoid Compounds; Patai, S., Rappoport, Z., Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1988; Vol. II, p 482 ff.
-
(1969)
Molecular Spectroscopy of the Triplet State
-
-
McGlynn, S.P.1
Azumi, T.2
Kinoshita, M.3
-
48
-
-
1842277941
-
-
Reviews: (a) McGlynn, S. P.; Azumi, T.; Kinoshita, M. Molecular Spectroscopy of the Triplet State; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1969. (b) Wasserman, E.; Hutton, R. S. Acc. Chem. Res. 1977, 10, 21. (c) Reference 11a. (d) Berson, J. A. In The Chemistry of the Quinonoid Compounds; Patai, S., Rappoport, Z., Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1988; Vol. II, p 482 ff.
-
(1977)
Acc. Chem. Res.
, vol.10
, pp. 21
-
-
Wasserman, E.1
Hutton, R.S.2
-
49
-
-
1842388633
-
-
Reference 11a.
-
Reviews: (a) McGlynn, S. P.; Azumi, T.; Kinoshita, M. Molecular Spectroscopy of the Triplet State; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1969. (b) Wasserman, E.; Hutton, R. S. Acc. Chem. Res. 1977, 10, 21. (c) Reference 11a. (d) Berson, J. A. In The Chemistry of the Quinonoid Compounds; Patai, S., Rappoport, Z., Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1988; Vol. II, p 482 ff.
-
-
-
-
50
-
-
0003409956
-
-
Patai, S., Rappoport, Z., Eds.; Wiley: New York
-
Reviews: (a) McGlynn, S. P.; Azumi, T.; Kinoshita, M. Molecular Spectroscopy of the Triplet State; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1969. (b) Wasserman, E.; Hutton, R. S. Acc. Chem. Res. 1977, 10, 21. (c) Reference 11a. (d) Berson, J. A. In The Chemistry of the Quinonoid Compounds; Patai, S., Rappoport, Z., Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1988; Vol. II, p 482 ff.
-
(1988)
The Chemistry of the Quinonoid Compounds
, vol.2
-
-
Berson, J.A.1
-
51
-
-
1842268157
-
-
Oriel Corporation, Stratford, CT
-
Oriel Equipment Catalog, Vol. II, Oriel Corporation, Stratford, CT, 1994; p 1-43.
-
(1994)
Oriel Equipment Catalog
, vol.2
, pp. 1-43
-
-
-
52
-
-
1842268158
-
-
note
-
(a) This is an application of a method for generating biradicals developed by Haider, Platz, and co-workers 19b and used in our laboratory to prepare 3,4-dimethylenethiophene. 19c
-
-
-
-
53
-
-
0001183498
-
-
(b) Haider, K.; Platz, M. S.; Despres, A.; Lejeune, V. Migirdicyan, E.; Bally, T.; Hasselbach, E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 2318.
-
(1988)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.110
, pp. 2318
-
-
Haider, K.1
Platz, M.S.2
Despres, A.3
Lejeune, V.4
Migirdicyan, E.5
Bally, T.6
Hasselbach, E.7
-
54
-
-
0012144955
-
-
(c) Greenberg, M. M.; Blackstock, S. C.; Stone, K. J.; Berson, J. A. Ibid. 1989, 111, 3671.
-
(1989)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.111
, pp. 3671
-
-
Greenberg, M.M.1
Blackstock, S.C.2
Stone, K.J.3
Berson, J.A.4
-
55
-
-
0001036519
-
-
and references cited therein
-
Platz, M. S.; McBride, J. M.; Little, R. D.; Harrison, J. J.; Shaw, A.; Potter, S. E.; Berson, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5725 and references cited therein.
-
(1976)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.98
, pp. 5725
-
-
Platz, M.S.1
McBride, J.M.2
Little, R.D.3
Harrison, J.J.4
Shaw, A.5
Potter, S.E.6
Berson, J.A.7
-
56
-
-
84981911761
-
-
(a) Salem, L.; Rowland, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1972, 11, 92.
-
(1972)
Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.
, vol.11
, pp. 92
-
-
Salem, L.1
Rowland, C.2
-
57
-
-
0030007032
-
-
(b) See also: Michl, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3568. This paper refines the earlier approximation 21a with more accurate wave functions. Qualitatively, the argument we give here persists in the later version of the theory. We thank J. Michl for a discussion of this point.
-
(1996)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.118
, pp. 3568
-
-
Michl, J.1
-
58
-
-
1842394512
-
-
note
-
-6 kcal/mol). This matching is easily achieved during diffusive radical-pair encounters, 22 but barring an accidentally exact S-T degeneracy, will not occur in static systems such as those in the present work.
-
-
-
-
59
-
-
1842270132
-
-
Lepley. A. R., Closs, G. L., Eds.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, NY, Chapter 1
-
Reviewed by: Glarum, S. H. In Chemically Induced Nuclear Polarization; Lepley. A. R., Closs, G. L., Eds.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, NY, 1973: Chapter 1.
-
(1973)
Chemically Induced Nuclear Polarization
-
-
Glarum, S.H.1
-
62
-
-
0001065356
-
-
(c) Jortner, J.; Rice, S. A.; Hochstrasser, R. M. Adv. Photochem. 1969, 7, 149.
-
(1969)
Adv. Photochem.
, vol.7
, pp. 149
-
-
Jortner, J.1
Rice, S.A.2
Hochstrasser, R.M.3
-
64
-
-
1842347973
-
-
note
-
We are grateful to Professors Salem, Borden, and Davidson, whose unanimous resistance to this idea forced us to examine its implications more closely.
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
1842398421
-
-
Personal communication
-
Borden, W. T.; Hrovat, D. Personal communication, 1995.
-
(1995)
-
-
Borden, W.T.1
Hrovat, D.2
-
69
-
-
0030175235
-
-
We thank C. M. Breneman for providing this information before publication
-
Breneman, C. M.; Weber, L. W. Can. J. Chem. 1996, 74, 1271. We thank C. M. Breneman for providing this information before publication.
-
(1996)
Can. J. Chem.
, vol.74
, pp. 1271
-
-
Breneman, C.M.1
Weber, L.W.2
-
70
-
-
33748878612
-
-
Although not mediated by internal rotational conformation, spin isomerism has been observed in transition metal complexes. Review: Gütlich, P.; Hauser, A.; Spiering, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2024.
-
(1994)
Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.
, vol.33
, pp. 2024
-
-
Gütlich, P.1
Hauser, A.2
Spiering, H.3
|