메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 283, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 82-90

The 'kynurenate test,' a biochemical assay for putative cognition enhancers

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3 AMINOPROPYLBUTYLPHOSPHINIC ACID; [3 (3,4 DICHLOROBENZYLAMINO)PROPYL](DIETHOXYMETHYL)PHOSPHINIC ACID; ANIRACETAM; KYNURENIC ACID; LINOPIRDINE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID; NICOTINE; OXIRACETAM; TACRINE;

EID: 0030881811     PISSN: 00223565     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (26)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0003113946 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Novel targets for central nervous system therapeutics
    • ed. by F. E. Bloom and D J Kupfer, Raven Press, New York
    • ARNERIC, S. P., SULLIVAN, J. P. AND WILLIAMS, M.: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Novel targets for central nervous system therapeutics. In Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress, ed. by F. E. Bloom and D J Kupfer, pp. 95-110, Raven Press, New York, 1995.
    • (1995) Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress , pp. 95-110
    • Arneric, S.P.1    Sullivan, J.P.2    Williams, M.3
  • 2
    • 0019972810 scopus 로고
    • The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction
    • BARTUS, R. T., DEAN III, R. L., BEER, B. AND LIPPA, S.: The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction. Science 217: 408-417, 1985.
    • (1985) Science , vol.217 , pp. 408-417
    • Bartus, R.T.1    Dean III, R.L.2    Beer, B.3    Lippa, S.4
  • 4
    • 0027476024 scopus 로고
    • A synaptic model of memory: Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
    • BLISS, T. V. P. AND COLLINGRIDGE, G. L.: A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Nature 361: 31-39, 1993.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 31-39
    • Bliss, T.V.P.1    Collingridge, G.L.2
  • 6
    • 0002552168 scopus 로고
    • B antagonist CGP36742 enhances spatial learning performance and antagonises baclofen-induced amnesia in mice
    • B antagonist CGP36742 enhances spatial learning performance and antagonises baclofen-induced amnesia in mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 109: suppl., 74P, 1993.
    • (1993) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.109 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Carletti, R.1    Libri, V.2    Bowery, N.G.3
  • 7
    • 0002279470 scopus 로고
    • GABAergic modulation of memory
    • ed. by L. R. Squire and E. Lindenlaub, Symposia Medica Hoechst 23, Schattauer, Stuttgart/New York
    • CASTELLANO, C., BRIONI, J. D. AND MCGAUGH, J. L.: GABAergic modulation of memory. In The Biology of Memory, ed. by L. R. Squire and E. Lindenlaub, pp. 361-378, Symposia Medica Hoechst 23, Schattauer, Stuttgart/New York, 1990.
    • (1990) The Biology of Memory , pp. 361-378
    • Castellano, C.1    Brioni, J.D.2    Mcgaugh, J.L.3
  • 8
    • 0025837075 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in the locus coeruleus in dementias of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease
    • CHAN PALAY, V.: Alterations in the locus coeruleus in dementias of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Prog. Brain Res. 88: 625-630, 1991.
    • (1991) Prog. Brain Res. , vol.88 , pp. 625-630
    • Chan Palay, V.1
  • 12
    • 0026577998 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of noradrenaline release in human cerebral cortex mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors
    • FINK, K., SCHULTHEISS, R. AND GÖTHERT, M.: Stimulation of noradrenaline release in human cerebral cortex mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors. Br. J. Pharmacol. 106: 67-72, 1992.
    • (1992) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.106 , pp. 67-72
    • Fink, K.1    Schultheiss, R.2    Göthert, M.3
  • 13
    • 0027942427 scopus 로고
    • Linopirdine (DuP 996) improves performance in several tests of learning and memory by modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission
    • FONTANA, D. J., INOUYE, G. T. AND JOHNSON, R. M.: Linopirdine (DuP 996) improves performance in several tests of learning and memory by modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 49: 1075-1082, 1994.
    • (1994) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.49 , pp. 1075-1082
    • Fontana, D.J.1    Inouye, G.T.2    Johnson, R.M.3
  • 15
    • 0030474030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CR2249: A new putative memory enhancer. Behavioural studies on learning and memory
    • GAROFALO, P., COLOMBO, S., LANZA, M., REVEL, L. AND MAKOVEC, F.: CR2249: a new putative memory enhancer. Behavioural studies on learning and memory. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 48: 1290-1297, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.48 , pp. 1290-1297
    • Garofalo, P.1    Colombo, S.2    Lanza, M.3    Revel, L.4    Makovec, F.5
  • 18
    • 0026700121 scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in kynurenic acid production in rat brain
    • GRAMSBERGEN, J. B., SCHMIDT, W., TURSKI, W. A. AND SCHWAHCZ R.: Age-related changes in kynurenic acid production in rat brain. Brain Res. 588: 1-5, 1992.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.588 , pp. 1-5
    • Gramsbergen, J.B.1    Schmidt, W.2    Turski, W.A.3    Schwahcz, R.4
  • 20
    • 0025724920 scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic and locus coeruleus modulation of the perforant path-evoked potential in rat dentate gyrus supports a role for the locus coeruleus in attentional and memorial processes
    • HARLEY, C.: Noradrenergic and locus coeruleus modulation of the perforant path-evoked potential in rat dentate gyrus supports a role for the locus coeruleus in attentional and memorial processes. Prog. Brain Res. 88: 307-321. 1991.
    • (1991) Prog. Brain Res. , vol.88 , pp. 307-321
    • Harley, C.1
  • 23
    • 0008624562 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid in HIV-I infection
    • ed. by A. Guidotti, Raven Press, New York
    • HEYES, M. P., BREW, B. J., PRICE, R. W. AND MARKEY, S. P.: Cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid in HIV-I infection. In Neurotoxicity of Excitatory Amino Acid, ed. by A. Guidotti, pp. 217-226, Raven Press, New York, 1990.
    • (1990) Neurotoxicity of Excitatory Amino Acid , pp. 217-226
    • Heyes, M.P.1    Brew, B.J.2    Price, R.W.3    Markey, S.P.4
  • 24
    • 0024502818 scopus 로고
    • D-Cycloserine: A ligand for the N-methyl-D-aspartate coupled glycine receptor has partial agonist characteristic
    • HOOD, W. F., COMPTON, R. P. AND MONAHAN, J. B.: D-Cycloserine: a ligand for the N-methyl-D-aspartate coupled glycine receptor has partial agonist characteristic. Neurosci. Lett. 98: 91-95, 1989.
    • (1989) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.98 , pp. 91-95
    • Hood, W.F.1    Compton, R.P.2    Monahan, J.B.3
  • 25
    • 0029879435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of both the early and the late phase of mossy fiber LTP by the activation of β-adrenergic receptors
    • HUANG, Y.-Y. AND KANDEL, E. R.: Modulation of both the early and the late phase of mossy fiber LTP by the activation of β-adrenergic receptors. Neuron 16: 611-617, 1996.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.16 , pp. 611-617
    • Huang, Y.-Y.1    Kandel, E.R.2
  • 26
    • 0025786139 scopus 로고
    • Aniracetam reduces glutamate receptor desensitization and slows the decay of fast excitatory synaptic currents in the hippocampus
    • ISAACSON, J. S. AND NICOLL, R. A.: Aniracetam reduces glutamate receptor desensitization and slows the decay of fast excitatory synaptic currents in the hippocampus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88: 10936-10940, 1991.
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.88 , pp. 10936-10940
    • Isaacson, J.S.1    Nicoll, R.A.2
  • 27
    • 0025356607 scopus 로고
    • Allosteric potentiation of quisqualate receptors by a nootropic drug aniracetam
    • ITO, J., TANABE, S., KOHDA, A. AND SUGIYAMA, H.: Allosteric potentiation of quisqualate receptors by a nootropic drug aniracetam. J. Phvsiol. 424: 533-543, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Phvsiol. , vol.424 , pp. 533-543
    • Ito, J.1    Tanabe, S.2    Kohda, A.3    Sugiyama, H.4
  • 29
    • 0023091647 scopus 로고
    • Glycine potentiates the NMDA response in cultured mouse brain neurons
    • JOHNSON, J. W. AND ASCHER, P.: Glycine potentiates the NMDA response in cultured mouse brain neurons. Nature 325: 529-531, 1987.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.325 , pp. 529-531
    • Johnson, J.W.1    Ascher, P.2
  • 30
    • 0026388912 scopus 로고
    • Effects of NMDA modulation in scopolamine dementia
    • JONES, R. W., WESNES, K. A. AND KIRBY, J.: Effects of NMDA modulation in scopolamine dementia. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 640: 241-244, 1991.
    • (1991) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.640 , pp. 241-244
    • Jones, R.W.1    Wesnes, K.A.2    Kirby, J.3
  • 31
    • 0023100545 scopus 로고
    • Phencyclidine selectively inhibits N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced hippocampal [3H]norepinephrine release
    • JONES, S. M., SNELL, L. D. AND JOHNSON, K. M.: Phencyclidine selectively inhibits N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced hippocampal [3H]norepinephrine release. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 240: 492-497, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.240 , pp. 492-497
    • Jones, S.M.1    Snell, L.D.2    Johnson, K.M.3
  • 32
    • 0027469106 scopus 로고
    • The glycine site of the NMDA receptor: Five years on
    • KEMP, J. A. AND LEESON, P. D.: The glycine site of the NMDA receptor: five years on. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 14: 20-25, 1993.
    • (1993) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.14 , pp. 20-25
    • Kemp, J.A.1    Leeson, P.D.2
  • 33
    • 0024564076 scopus 로고
    • A glycine site associated with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors: Characteristics and identification of a new class of antagonists
    • KESSLER, M., TERRAMANI, T., LYNCH, G. AND BAUDRY, M.: A glycine site associated with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors: characteristics and identification of a new class of antagonists. J. Neurochem. 52: 1319-1328, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Neurochem. , vol.52 , pp. 1319-1328
    • Kessler, M.1    Terramani, T.2    Lynch, G.3    Baudry, M.4
  • 34
    • 0023754192 scopus 로고
    • Requirement for glycine in activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes
    • KLECKNER, N. W. AND DINGLEDINE, R.: Requirement for glycine in activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Science 241: 835-837, 1988.
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 835-837
    • Kleckner, N.W.1    Dingledine, R.2
  • 35
    • 0030871447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a novel putative cognition enhancer mediating facilitation of glycine effect on strychnine-resistant sites coupled to NMDA receptor complex
    • LANZA, M., BONNAFOUS, C., COLOMBO, S., REVEL, L. AND MAKOVEC, F.: Characterization of a novel putative cognition enhancer mediating facilitation of glycine effect on strychnine-resistant sites coupled to NMDA receptor complex. Neuropharmacology 36:1057-1064, 1997.
    • (1997) Neuropharmacology , vol.36 , pp. 1057-1064
    • Lanza, M.1    Bonnafous, C.2    Colombo, S.3    Revel, L.4    Makovec, F.5
  • 36
    • 0020383774 scopus 로고
    • 3H]acetylcholine from rat striatal slices
    • 3H]acetylcholine from rat striatal slices. Brain Res. 252: 77-89, 1982.
    • (1982) Brain Res. , vol.252 , pp. 77-89
    • Lehmann, J.1    Scatton, B.2
  • 37
    • 0027102770 scopus 로고
    • Cortical norepinephrine release elicited in situ by NMDA receptor stimulation: A microdialysis study
    • LEHMANN, J., VALENTINO, R. AND ROBINE, V.: Cortical norepinephrine release elicited in situ by NMDA receptor stimulation: a microdialysis study. Brain Res. 599: 171-174, 1992.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.599 , pp. 171-174
    • Lehmann, J.1    Valentino, R.2    Robine, V.3
  • 38
    • 0029823245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic autoreceptors mediating enhancement of acetylcholine release become operative in conditions of "impaired" cholinergic presynaptic function
    • MARCHI, M. AND RAITERI, M.: Nicotinic autoreceptors mediating enhancement of acetylcholine release become operative in conditions of "impaired" cholinergic presynaptic function. J. Neurochem. 67: 1974-1981, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neurochem. , vol.67 , pp. 1974-1981
    • Marchi, M.1    Raiteri, M.2
  • 39
    • 0024589688 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of hormonal and neuromodulatory systems in the regulation of memory storage
    • MCGAUGH, J. L.: Involvement of hormonal and neuromodulatory systems in the regulation of memory storage. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 12: 255-287, 1989.
    • (1989) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 255-287
    • Mcgaugh, J.L.1
  • 40
    • 0025367265 scopus 로고
    • Blocking of acquisition but not expression of conditioned fear-potentiated startle by NMDA antagonists in the amygdala
    • MISERENDINO, M. J. D., SANANES, C. B., MELIA, K. R. AND DAVIS, M.: Blocking of acquisition but not expression of conditioned fear-potentiated startle by NMDA antagonists in the amygdala. Nature 345: 716-718, 1990.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , pp. 716-718
    • Miserendino, M.J.D.1    Sananes, C.B.2    Melia, K.R.3    Davis, M.4
  • 41
    • 0010548403 scopus 로고
    • Two classes of N-methyl-D-aspartate recognition sites: Differential distribution and differential regulation by glycine
    • MONAGHAN, D. T., OLVERMAN, H. J., NGUYEN, L., WATKINS, J. C. AND COTMAN, C. W.: Two classes of N-methyl-D-aspartate recognition sites: differential distribution and differential regulation by glycine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85: 9836-9840, 1988.
    • (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.85 , pp. 9836-9840
    • Monaghan, D.T.1    Olverman, H.J.2    Nguyen, L.3    Watkins, J.C.4    Cotman, C.W.5
  • 43
    • 0027275243 scopus 로고
    • B blocker improves the cognitive performance of mice, rats, and rhesus monkeys
    • B blocker improves the cognitive performance of mice, rats, and rhesus monkeys. Behav. Neural Biol. 60: 62-68, 1993.
    • (1993) Behav. Neural Biol. , vol.60 , pp. 62-68
    • Mondadori, C.1    Jaekel, J.2    Preiswerk, G.3
  • 45
    • 0023791093 scopus 로고
    • Kynurenic acid is present in the rat brain and its content increases during development and aging process
    • MORONI, F. RUSSI, P. CARLÀ, V. AND LOMBARDI, G.: Kynurenic acid is present in the rat brain and its content increases during development and aging process. Neurosci. Lett. 94: 145-150, 1988b.
    • (1988) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.94 , pp. 145-150
    • Moroni, F.1    Russi, P.2    Carlà, V.3    Lombardi, G.4
  • 46
    • 0022650213 scopus 로고
    • Selective impairment of learning blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist
    • MORRIS, R. G. M., ANDERSON, E., LYNCH, G. S. AND BAUDRY, M.: Selective impairment of learning blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. Nature 319: 774-776, 1986.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.319 , pp. 774-776
    • Morris, R.G.M.1    Anderson, E.2    Lynch, G.S.3    Baudry, M.4
  • 47
    • 0025216441 scopus 로고
    • DuP996 (3,3(4-pyrindylmethyl)1-phenylindolin-2-one) enhances the stimulus evoked release of acetylcholine from rat brain in vitro and in vivo
    • NICKOLSON, V. J., TAM, S. V., MEYERS, M. J. AND COOK, L.: DuP996 (3,3(4-pyrindylmethyl)1-phenylindolin-2-one) enhances the stimulus evoked release of acetylcholine from rat brain in vitro and in vivo. Drug Dev. Res. 19: 285-300, 1990.
    • (1990) Drug Dev. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 285-300
    • Nickolson, V.J.1    Tam, S.V.2    Meyers, M.J.3    Cook, L.4
  • 50
    • 0025609366 scopus 로고
    • Release-enhancing glycine-dependent presynaptic NMDA receptors exist on noradrenergic terminals of hippocampus
    • PITTALUGA, A. AND RAITERI, M.: Release-enhancing glycine-dependent presynaptic NMDA receptors exist on noradrenergic terminals of hippocampus. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 191: 231-234, 1990.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.191 , pp. 231-234
    • Pittaluga, A.1    Raiteri, M.2
  • 51
    • 0026567333 scopus 로고
    • N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors regulating hippocampal norepinephrine release. I. Location on axon terminals and pharmacological characterization
    • PITTALUGA, A. AND RAITERI, M.: N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors regulating hippocampal norepinephrine release. I. Location on axon terminals and pharmacological characterization. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 260: 232-237, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.260 , pp. 232-237
    • Pittaluga, A.1    Raiteri, M.2
  • 52
    • 0028850753 scopus 로고
    • Putative cognition enhancers reverse kynurenic acid antagonism at hippocampal NMDA receptors
    • PITTALUGA, A., PATTARINI, R. AND RAITERI, M.: Putative cognition enhancers reverse kynurenic acid antagonism at hippocampal NMDA receptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 272: 203-209. 1995.
    • (1995) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.272 , pp. 203-209
    • Pittaluga, A.1    Pattarini, R.2    Raiteri, M.3
  • 53
    • 0015944309 scopus 로고
    • A simple apparatus for studying the release of neurotransmitters from synaptosomes
    • RAITERI, M., ANGELINI, F. AND LEVI, G.: A simple apparatus for studying the release of neurotransmitters from synaptosomes. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 25: 411-414, 1974.
    • (1974) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.25 , pp. 411-414
    • Raiteri, M.1    Angelini, F.2    Levi, G.3
  • 54
    • 0021676514 scopus 로고
    • Is there a functional linkage between neurotransmitter uptake mechanisms and presynaptic receptors?
    • RAITERI, M., BONANNO, G., MARCHI, M. AND MAURA, G.: Is there a functional linkage between neurotransmitter uptake mechanisms and presynaptic receptors? J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 231: 671-677, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.231 , pp. 671-677
    • Raiteri, M.1    Bonanno, G.2    Marchi, M.3    Maura, G.4
  • 55
  • 56
    • 0027526076 scopus 로고
    • Further analysis of the cognitive effects of tetrahydroaminuacridine (THA) in Alzheimer's disease: Assessment of attentional and mnemonic function using CANTAB
    • SAHAKIAN, B. J., OWEN, A. M., MORANT, N. J., EAGGER, S. A., BODDINGTON, S., CRAYTON, L., CROCKFORD, H. A., CROOKS, M., HILL, K., LEVY, R.: Further analysis of the cognitive effects of tetrahydroaminuacridine (THA) in Alzheimer's disease: assessment of attentional and mnemonic function using CANTAB. Psychopharmacology 110: 395-401, 1993.
    • (1993) Psychopharmacology , vol.110 , pp. 395-401
    • Sahakian, B.J.1    Owen, A.M.2    Morant, N.J.3    Eagger, S.A.4    Boddington, S.5    Crayton, L.6    Crockford, H.A.7    Crooks, M.8    Hill, K.9    Levy, R.10
  • 57
    • 0025992652 scopus 로고
    • Taking stock of cognition enhancers
    • SARTER, M.: Taking stock of cognition enhancers. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 12: 456-461, 1991.
    • (1991) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.12 , pp. 456-461
    • Sarter, M.1
  • 58
    • 0028988978 scopus 로고
    • D-Serine, an endogenous synaptic modulator: Localization to astrocytes and glutamate-stimulated release
    • SCHELL, M. J., MOLLIVER, M. E. AND SNYDER, S. H.: D-Serine, an endogenous synaptic modulator: localization to astrocytes and glutamate-stimulated release. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92: 3948-3952, 1995.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.92 , pp. 3948-3952
    • Schell, M.J.1    Molliver, M.E.2    Snyder, S.H.3
  • 59
    • 0024601253 scopus 로고
    • 3H-(1-1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl-piperidine) binding in rat hippocampus
    • 3H-(1-1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl-piperidine) binding in rat hippocampus. Synapse 3: 129-135, 1989.
    • (1989) Synapse , vol.3 , pp. 129-135
    • Snell, L.D.1    Johnson, K.M.2
  • 60
    • 0027486072 scopus 로고
    • Neuropharmacology of quinolinic and kynurenic acids
    • STONE, T. W.: Neuropharmacology of quinolinic and kynurenic acids. Pharmacol. Rev. 45: 309-379, 1993.
    • (1993) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.45 , pp. 309-379
    • Stone, T.W.1
  • 64
    • 0023525922 scopus 로고
    • 3H]Norepinephrine release from hippocampal slices in an in vitro biochemical tool for investigating the pharmacological properties of excitatory amino acid receptors
    • 3H]Norepinephrine release from hippocampal slices in an in vitro biochemical tool for investigating the pharmacological properties of excitatory amino acid receptors. J. Neurochem. 49: 1438-1442, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Neurochem. , vol.49 , pp. 1438-1442
    • Vezzani, A.1    Wu, H.-Q.2    Samanin, R.3
  • 65
    • 0002595981 scopus 로고
    • Depolarization activated releasers of transmitters as therapeutics for dementia: Preclinical characterization of linopirdine (DuP996)
    • ZACZEK, R. AND SAYDOFF, J. A.: Depolarization activated releasers of transmitters as therapeutics for dementia: Preclinical characterization of linopirdine (DuP996). Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs 2: 1097-1104, 1993.
    • (1993) Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs , vol.2 , pp. 1097-1104
    • Zaczek, R.1    Saydoff, J.A.2
  • 66
    • 0027159021 scopus 로고
    • Unique properties of norepinephrine release from terminals arising from the locus coeruleus: High potassium sensitivity and lack of linopirdine (DuP996) enhancement
    • ZACZEK, R., TINKER, W. J. AND TAM, S. W.: Unique properties of norepinephrine release from terminals arising from the locus coeruleus: high potassium sensitivity and lack of linopirdine (DuP996) enhancement. Neurosci. Lett. 155: 107-111, 1993.
    • (1993) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.155 , pp. 107-111
    • Zaczek, R.1    Tinker, W.J.2    Tam, S.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.