메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue 10, 1997, Pages 7498-7508

Slower evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 quasispecies during progression to AIDS

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DISEASE COURSE; DNA SEQUENCE; ENVELOPE GENE; EVOLUTION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MALE; MONONUCLEAR CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEROCONVERSION; SPECIES DIFFERENTIATION; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 0030820346     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.10.7498-7508.1997     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (157)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 0025267919 scopus 로고
    • Rapid development of isolate-specific neutralizing antibodies after primary HIV-1 infection and consequent emergence of virus variants which resist neutralization by autologous sera
    • Albert, J., B. Abrahamsson, K. Nagy, E. Aurelius, H. Gaines, G. Nyström, and E. M. Fenyö. 1990. Rapid development of isolate-specific neutralizing antibodies after primary HIV-1 infection and consequent emergence of virus variants which resist neutralization by autologous sera. AIDS 4:107-112.
    • (1990) AIDS , vol.4 , pp. 107-112
    • Albert, J.1    Abrahamsson, B.2    Nagy, K.3    Aurelius, E.4    Gaines, H.5    Nyström, G.6    Fenyö, E.M.7
  • 2
    • 0026544650 scopus 로고
    • Autologous HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies: Emergence of neutralization-resistant escape virus and subsequent development of escaped virus neutralizing antibodies
    • Arendrup, M., C. Nielsen, J.-E. S. Hansen, C. Pedersen, L. Mathiesen, and J. O. Nielsen. 1992. Autologous HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies: emergence of neutralization-resistant escape virus and subsequent development of escaped virus neutralizing antibodies. J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. 5:303-307.
    • (1992) J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. , vol.5 , pp. 303-307
    • Arendrup, M.1    Nielsen, C.2    Hansen, J.-E.S.3    Pedersen, C.4    Mathiesen, L.5    Nielsen, J.O.6
  • 4
    • 16944365445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral pressure exerted by HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) during primary infection demonstrated by rapid selection of CTL escape virus
    • Borrow, P., H. Lewicki, X. Wei, M. S. Horwitz, N. Peffer, H. Meyers, J. A. Nelson, J. E. Gairin, B. H. Hahn, M. B. A. Oldstone, and G. M. Shaw. 1997. Antiviral pressure exerted by HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) during primary infection demonstrated by rapid selection of CTL escape virus. Nat. Med. 3:205-217.
    • (1997) Nat. Med. , vol.3 , pp. 205-217
    • Borrow, P.1    Lewicki, H.2    Wei, X.3    Horwitz, M.S.4    Peffer, N.5    Meyers, H.6    Nelson, J.A.7    Gairin, J.E.8    Hahn, B.H.9    Oldstone, M.B.A.10    Shaw, G.M.11
  • 5
    • 0027315125 scopus 로고
    • Simian immunodeficiency virus mutants resistant to serum neutralization arise during persistent infection of rhesus monkeys
    • Burns, D. P. W., C. Collignon, and R. C. Desrosiers. 1993. Simian immunodeficiency virus mutants resistant to serum neutralization arise during persistent infection of rhesus monkeys. J. Virol. 67:4104-4113.
    • (1993) J. Virol. , vol.67 , pp. 4104-4113
    • Burns, D.P.W.1    Collignon, C.2    Desrosiers, R.C.3
  • 6
    • 0026088713 scopus 로고
    • Selection of genetic variants of simian immunodeficiency virus in persistently infected rhesus monkeys
    • Burns, D. P. W., and R. C. Desrosiers. 1991. Selection of genetic variants of simian immunodeficiency virus in persistently infected rhesus monkeys. J. Virol. 65:1843-1854.
    • (1991) J. Virol. , vol.65 , pp. 1843-1854
    • Burns, D.P.W.1    Desrosiers, R.C.2
  • 7
    • 0028847578 scopus 로고
    • Virologic and immunologic characterization of long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Cao, Y., L. Qin, L. Zhang, J. Safrit, and D. D. Ho. 1995. Virologic and immunologic characterization of long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 332:201-208.
    • (1995) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.332 , pp. 201-208
    • Cao, Y.1    Qin, L.2    Zhang, L.3    Safrit, J.4    Ho, D.D.5
  • 8
    • 0027141929 scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 variation: Consequences for disease progression and vaccine strategies
    • Cheng-Mayer, C. 1993. HIV-1 variation: consequences for disease progression and vaccine strategies. Trends Microbiol. 1:353-355.
    • (1993) Trends Microbiol. , vol.1 , pp. 353-355
    • Cheng-Mayer, C.1
  • 9
    • 0028952146 scopus 로고
    • HIV population dynamics in vivo: Implications for genentic variation, pathogenesis, and therapy
    • Coffin, J. M. 1995. HIV population dynamics in vivo: implications for genentic variation, pathogenesis, and therapy. Science 267:483-489.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 483-489
    • Coffin, J.M.1
  • 10
    • 0027409934 scopus 로고
    • + T-lymphocyte decline and clinical progression in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals
    • + T-lymphocyte decline and clinical progression in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals. J. Virol. 67:1772-1777.
    • (1993) J. Virol. , vol.67 , pp. 1772-1777
    • Connor, R.I.1    Mohri, H.2    Cao, Y.3    Ho, D.D.4
  • 14
    • 0028943178 scopus 로고
    • Genetic subtyping of human immunodeficiency virus using a heteroduplex mobility assay
    • Delwart, E. L., B. L. Herring, A. G. Rodrigo, and J. I. Mullins. 1995. Genetic subtyping of human immunodeficiency virus using a heteroduplex mobility assay. PCR Methods Appl. 4:202-216.
    • (1995) PCR Methods Appl. , vol.4 , pp. 202-216
    • Delwart, E.L.1    Herring, B.L.2    Rodrigo, A.G.3    Mullins, J.I.4
  • 15
    • 0027980442 scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution in vivo tracked by DNA heteroduplex mobility assays
    • Delwart, E. L., H. W. Sheppard, B. D. Walker, J. Goudsmit, and J. I. Mullins. 1994. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution in vivo tracked by DNA heteroduplex mobility assays. J. Virol. 68:6672-6683.
    • (1994) J. Virol. , vol.68 , pp. 6672-6683
    • Delwart, E.L.1    Sheppard, H.W.2    Walker, B.D.3    Goudsmit, J.4    Mullins, J.I.5
  • 17
    • 0027958857 scopus 로고
    • In vivo distribution and cytopathology of variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 showing restricted sequence variability in the V3 loop
    • Donaldson, Y. K., J. E. Bell, E. C. Holmes, E. S. Hughes, H. K. Brown, and P. Simmonds. 1994. In vivo distribution and cytopathology of variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 showing restricted sequence variability in the V3 loop. J. Virol. 68:5991-6005.
    • (1994) J. Virol. , vol.68 , pp. 5991-6005
    • Donaldson, Y.K.1    Bell, J.E.2    Holmes, E.C.3    Hughes, E.S.4    Brown, H.K.5    Simmonds, P.6
  • 18
    • 0015133749 scopus 로고
    • Selforganization of matter and the evolution of biological macromolecules
    • Eigen, M. 1971. Selforganization of matter and the evolution of biological macromolecules. Naturwissenschaften 58:465-523.
    • (1971) Naturwissenschaften , vol.58 , pp. 465-523
    • Eigen, M.1
  • 19
    • 0026027515 scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 V3 domain variation in brain and spleen of children with AIDS: Tissue-specific evolution within host-determined quasispecies
    • Epstein, L. G., C. Kuiken, B. M. Blumberg, S. Hartman, L. R. Sharer, M. Clement, and J. Goudsmit. 1991. HIV-1 V3 domain variation in brain and spleen of children with AIDS: tissue-specific evolution within host-determined quasispecies. Virology 180:583-590.
    • (1991) Virology , vol.180 , pp. 583-590
    • Epstein, L.G.1    Kuiken, C.2    Blumberg, B.M.3    Hartman, S.4    Sharer, L.R.5    Clement, M.6    Goudsmit, J.7
  • 20
    • 0026727851 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p25 core protein as prognostic marker
    • Fenouillet, E., N. Blanes, A. Coutellier, J. Demarquest, W. Rozenbaum, and J.-C. Gluckman. 1992. Monitoring of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p25 core protein as prognostic marker. J. Infect. Dis. 166:611-616.
    • (1992) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.166 , pp. 611-616
    • Fenouillet, E.1    Blanes, N.2    Coutellier, A.3    Demarquest, J.4    Rozenbaum, W.5    Gluckman, J.-C.6
  • 21
    • 0031060165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genetic evolution in children with different rates of development of disease
    • Ganeshan, S., R. E. Dickover, B. T. M. Korber, Y. J. Bryson, and S. M. Wolinsky. 1997. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genetic evolution in children with different rates of development of disease. J. Virol. 71:663-677.
    • (1997) J. Virol. , vol.71 , pp. 663-677
    • Ganeshan, S.1    Dickover, R.E.2    Korber, B.T.M.3    Bryson, Y.J.4    Wolinsky, S.M.5
  • 23
    • 0028874048 scopus 로고
    • Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection
    • Ho, D. D., A. U. Neumann, A. S. Perelson, W. Chen, J. M. Leonard, and M. Markowitz. 1995. Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature 373:123-126.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 123-126
    • Ho, D.D.1    Neumann, A.U.2    Perelson, A.S.3    Chen, W.4    Leonard, J.M.5    Markowitz, M.6
  • 24
    • 0028914761 scopus 로고
    • Predictors for non- And slow progression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection: Low viral RNA copy numbers in serum and maintenance of high HIV-1 p24-specific but not V3-specific antibody levels
    • Hogervorst, E., S. Jurriaans, F. de Wolf, A. van Wijk, A. Wiersma, M. Valk, M. Roos, B. van Gemen, R. Coutinho, F. Miedema, et al. 1995. Predictors for non- and slow progression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection: low viral RNA copy numbers in serum and maintenance of high HIV-1 p24-specific but not V3-specific antibody levels. J. Infect. Dis. 171: 811-821.
    • (1995) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.171 , pp. 811-821
    • Hogervorst, E.1    Jurriaans, S.2    De Wolf, F.3    Van Wijk, A.4    Wiersma, A.5    Valk, M.6    Roos, M.7    Van Gemen, B.8    Coutinho, R.9    Miedema, F.10
  • 26
    • 0028028403 scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains in the lungs of infected individuals evolve independently from those in peripheral blood and are highly conserved in the C-terminal region of the envelope V3 loop
    • Itescu, S., P. F. Simonelli, R. J. Winchester, and H. S. Ginsberg. 1994. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains in the lungs of infected individuals evolve independently from those in peripheral blood and are highly conserved in the C-terminal region of the envelope V3 loop. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:11378-11382.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 11378-11382
    • Itescu, S.1    Simonelli, P.F.2    Winchester, R.J.3    Ginsberg, H.S.4
  • 27
    • 0026525818 scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation of simian immunodeficiency viruses in nonhuman primates
    • Johnson, P. R., and V. M. Hirsch. 1992. Genetic variation of simian immunodeficiency viruses in nonhuman primates. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 8:367-372.
    • (1992) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses , vol.8 , pp. 367-372
    • Johnson, P.R.1    Hirsch, V.M.2
  • 31
    • 0019296687 scopus 로고
    • A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences
    • Kimura, M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 16:111-120.
    • (1980) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.16 , pp. 111-120
    • Kimura, M.1
  • 33
    • 0027453771 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of simian immunodeficiency virus sequence variation in tissues of rhesus macaques with simian AIDS
    • Kodama, T., K. Mori, T. Kawahara, D. J. Ringler, and R. C. Desrosiers. 1993. Analysis of simian immunodeficiency virus sequence variation in tissues of rhesus macaques with simian AIDS. J. Virol. 67:6522-6534.
    • (1993) J. Virol. , vol.67 , pp. 6522-6534
    • Kodama, T.1    Mori, K.2    Kawahara, T.3    Ringler, D.J.4    Desrosiers, R.C.5
  • 34
    • 0027297096 scopus 로고
    • Covariation of mutations in the V3 loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein: An information theoretic analysis
    • Korber, B. T., R. M. Farber, D. H. Wolpert, and A. S. Lapedes. 1993. Covariation of mutations in the V3 loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein: an information theoretic analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:7176-7180.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 7176-7180
    • Korber, B.T.1    Farber, R.M.2    Wolpert, D.H.3    Lapedes, A.S.4
  • 35
    • 0028046638 scopus 로고
    • Genetic differences between blood- And brain-derived viral sequences from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: Evidence of conserved elements in the V3 region of the envelope protein of brain-derived sequences
    • Korber, B. T., K. J. Kunstman, B. K. Patterson, M. Furtado, M. M. McEvilly, R. Levy, and S. M. Wolinsky. 1994. Genetic differences between blood- and brain-derived viral sequences from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: evidence of conserved elements in the V3 region of the envelope protein of brain-derived sequences. J. Virol. 68:7467-7481.
    • (1994) J. Virol. , vol.68 , pp. 7467-7481
    • Korber, B.T.1    Kunstman, K.J.2    Patterson, B.K.3    Furtado, M.4    McEvilly, M.M.5    Levy, R.6    Wolinsky, S.M.7
  • 36
    • 0028337166 scopus 로고
    • Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome
    • Koup, R. A., J. T. Safrit, Y. Cao, C. A. Andrews, G. McLeod, W. Borkowsky, C. Farthing, and D. D. Ho. 1994. Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome. J. Virol. 68:4650-4655.
    • (1994) J. Virol. , vol.68 , pp. 4650-4655
    • Koup, R.A.1    Safrit, J.T.2    Cao, Y.3    Andrews, C.A.4    McLeod, G.5    Borkowsky, W.6    Farthing, C.7    Ho, D.D.8
  • 37
    • 0026915406 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the V3 envelope domain in proviral sequences and isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during transition of the viral biological phenotype
    • Kuiken, C. L., J. J. de Jong, E. Baan, W. Keulen, M. Tersmette, and J. Goudsmit. 1992. Evolution of the V3 envelope domain in proviral sequences and isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during transition of the viral biological phenotype. J. Virol. 66:4622-4627.
    • (1992) J. Virol. , vol.66 , pp. 4622-4627
    • Kuiken, C.L.1    De Jong, J.J.2    Baan, E.3    Keulen, W.4    Tersmette, M.5    Goudsmit, J.6
  • 39
    • 0028294049 scopus 로고
    • MEGA: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software for microcomputers
    • Kumar, S., K. Tamura, and M. Nei. 1994. MEGA: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software for microcomputers. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 10: 189-191.
    • (1994) Comput. Appl. Biosci. , vol.10 , pp. 189-191
    • Kumar, S.1    Tamura, K.2    Nei, M.3
  • 41
    • 0028177883 scopus 로고
    • Circulating HIV-1-infected cell burden from seroconversion to AIDS: Importance of postseroconversion viral load on disease course
    • Lee, T. H., H. W. Sheppard, M. Reis, D. Dondero, D. Osmond, and M. P. Busch. 1994. Circulating HIV-1-infected cell burden from seroconversion to AIDS: importance of postseroconversion viral load on disease course. J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. 7:381-388.
    • (1994) J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. , vol.7 , pp. 381-388
    • Lee, T.H.1    Sheppard, H.W.2    Reis, M.3    Dondero, D.4    Osmond, D.5    Busch, M.P.6
  • 42
    • 0004732998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent evolution of the env and pol genes of HIV-1 during zidovudine therapy
    • Leigh-Brown, A. L., and A. Cleland. 1996. Independent evolution of the env and pol genes of HIV-1 during zidovudine therapy. AIDS 10:1067-1073.
    • (1996) AIDS , vol.10 , pp. 1067-1073
    • Leigh-Brown, A.L.1    Cleland, A.2
  • 43
    • 0028987388 scopus 로고
    • Turnover of circulating virion RNA and of cell-associated viral DNA reflects active viral replication in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals
    • Lineberger, D. W., J. A. Kessler, J. A. Waterbury, V. W. Byrnes, F. Massari, S. Staszewski, and E. A. Emini. 1995. Turnover of circulating virion RNA and of cell-associated viral DNA reflects active viral replication in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals. J. Virol. 69:2637-2639.
    • (1995) J. Virol. , vol.69 , pp. 2637-2639
    • Lineberger, D.W.1    Kessler, J.A.2    Waterbury, J.A.3    Byrnes, V.W.4    Massari, F.5    Staszewski, S.6    Emini, E.A.7
  • 44
    • 0030947397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent pattern of progression to AIDS after infection from the same source: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution and antiviral responses
    • Liu, S.-L., T. Schacker, L. Musey, D. Shriner, M. J. McElrath, L. Corey, and J. I. Mullins. 1997. Divergent pattern of progression to AIDS after infection from the same source: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution and antiviral responses. J. Virol. 71:4284-4295.
    • (1997) J. Virol. , vol.71 , pp. 4284-4295
    • Liu, S.-L.1    Schacker, T.2    Musey, L.3    Shriner, D.4    McElrath, M.J.5    Corey, L.6    Mullins, J.I.7
  • 45
    • 0028826072 scopus 로고
    • Intrahost human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution is related to length of the immunocompetent period
    • Lukashov, V. V., C. L. Kuiken, and J. Goudsmit. 1995. Intrahost human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution is related to length of the immunocompetent period. J. Virol. 69:6911-6916.
    • (1995) J. Virol. , vol.69 , pp. 6911-6916
    • Lukashov, V.V.1    Kuiken, C.L.2    Goudsmit, J.3
  • 46
    • 0029075130 scopus 로고
    • Lower in vivo mutation rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 than that predicted from the fidelity of purified reverse transcriptase
    • Mansky, L. M., and H. M. Temin. 1995. Lower in vivo mutation rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 than that predicted from the fidelity of purified reverse transcriptase. J. Virol. 69:5087-5094.
    • (1995) J. Virol. , vol.69 , pp. 5087-5094
    • Mansky, L.M.1    Temin, H.M.2
  • 47
    • 0028796397 scopus 로고
    • Rapid development of AIDS in an HIV-1-antibody-negative homosexual man
    • Martin-Rico, P., C. Pedersen, P. Skinhoj, C. Nielsen, and B. O. Lindhardt. 1995. Rapid development of AIDS in an HIV-1-antibody-negative homosexual man. AIDS 9:95-96.
    • (1995) AIDS , vol.9 , pp. 95-96
    • Martin-Rico, P.1    Pedersen, C.2    Skinhoj, P.3    Nielsen, C.4    Lindhardt, B.O.5
  • 52
    • 0030070991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma
    • Mellors, J. W., C. R. J. Rinaldo, P. Gupta, R. M. White, J. A. Todd, and L. A. Kingsley. 1996. Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma. Science 272:1167-1170.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1167-1170
    • Mellors, J.W.1    Rinaldo, C.R.J.2    Gupta, P.3    White, R.M.4    Todd, J.A.5    Kingsley, L.A.6
  • 54
    • 0030057730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in long-term nonprogressors
    • Montefiori, D. C., G. Pantaleo, L. M. Fink, J. T. Zhou, J. Y. Zhou, M. Bilska, G. D. Miralles, and A. S. Fauci. 1996. Neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in long-term nonprogressors. J. Infect. Dis. 173:60-67.
    • (1996) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.173 , pp. 60-67
    • Montefiori, D.C.1    Pantaleo, G.2    Fink, L.M.3    Zhou, J.T.4    Zhou, J.Y.5    Bilska, M.6    Miralles, G.D.7    Fauci, A.S.8
  • 55
    • 0028069547 scopus 로고
    • Rapid and simple PCR assay for quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma: Application to acute retro-viral infection
    • Mulder, J., N. McKinney, C. Christopherson, J. Sninsky, L. Greenfield, and S. Kwok. 1994. Rapid and simple PCR assay for quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma: application to acute retro-viral infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:292-300.
    • (1994) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.32 , pp. 292-300
    • Mulder, J.1    McKinney, N.2    Christopherson, C.3    Sninsky, J.4    Greenfield, L.5    Kwok, S.6
  • 56
    • 1842401752 scopus 로고
    • Molecular aspects of the FeLV and SIV AIDS models
    • M. Girard and L. Valette (ed.), Pasteur Vaccins, Paris, France
    • Mullins, J. I. 1988. Molecular aspects of the FeLV and SIV AIDS models, p. 43-49. In M. Girard and L. Valette (ed.), Retroviruses of human AIDS and related animal diseases. Pasteur Vaccins, Paris, France.
    • (1988) Retroviruses of Human AIDS and Related Animal Diseases , pp. 43-49
    • Mullins, J.I.1
  • 58
    • 0029356316 scopus 로고
    • How HIV defeats the immune system
    • Nowak, M. A., and A. J. McMichael. 1995. How HIV defeats the immune system. Sci. Am. 1995(8):58-65.
    • (1995) Sci. Am. , vol.1995 , Issue.8 , pp. 58-65
    • Nowak, M.A.1    McMichael, A.J.2
  • 60
    • 0025841914 scopus 로고
    • Variation in simian immunodeficiency virus env is confined to V1 and V4 during progression to simian AIDS
    • Overbaugh, J., L. M. Rudensey, M. D. Papenhausen, R. E. Benveniste, and W. R. Morton. 1991. Variation in simian immunodeficiency virus env is confined to V1 and V4 during progression to simian AIDS. J. Virol. 65: 7025-7031.
    • (1991) J. Virol. , vol.65 , pp. 7025-7031
    • Overbaugh, J.1    Rudensey, L.M.2    Papenhausen, M.D.3    Benveniste, R.E.4    Morton, W.R.5
  • 61
    • 0026552401 scopus 로고
    • Rapid generation of sequence variation during primary HIV-1 infection
    • Pang, S., Y. Shlesinger, E. S. Daar, T. Moudgil, D. D. Ho, and I. S. Y. Chen. 1992. Rapid generation of sequence variation during primary HIV-1 infection. AIDS 6:453-460.
    • (1992) AIDS , vol.6 , pp. 453-460
    • Pang, S.1    Shlesinger, Y.2    Daar, E.S.3    Moudgil, T.4    Ho, D.D.5    Chen, I.S.Y.6
  • 63
    • 0025030676 scopus 로고
    • Broad spectrum of in vivo forward mutations, hypermutations, and mutational hotspots in a retroviral shuttle vector after a single replication cycle: Substitutions, frameshifts, and hypermutations
    • Pathak, V. K., and H. M. Temin. 1990. Broad spectrum of in vivo forward mutations, hypermutations, and mutational hotspots in a retroviral shuttle vector after a single replication cycle: substitutions, frameshifts, and hypermutations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:6019-6023.
    • (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.87 , pp. 6019-6023
    • Pathak, V.K.1    Temin, H.M.2
  • 68
    • 0029116868 scopus 로고
    • High levels of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) memory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and low viral load are associated with lack of disease in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors
    • Rinaldo, C., X.-L. Huang, Z. Fan, M. Ding, L. Beltz, A. Logar, D. Panicali, G. Mazzara, J. Liebmann, M. Cottrill, and P. Gupta. 1995. High levels of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) memory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and low viral load are associated with lack of disease in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors. J. Virol. 69:5838-5842.
    • (1995) J. Virol. , vol.69 , pp. 5838-5842
    • Rinaldo, C.1    Huang, X.-L.2    Fan, Z.3    Ding, M.4    Beltz, L.5    Logar, A.6    Panicali, D.7    Mazzara, G.8    Liebmann, J.9    Cottrill, M.10    Gupta, P.11
  • 70
    • 0024273119 scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of reverse transcriptase from HIV-1
    • Roberts, J. D., K. Bebenek, and T. A. Kunkel. 1988. The accuracy of reverse transcriptase from HIV-1. Science 242:1171-1173.
    • (1988) Science , vol.242 , pp. 1171-1173
    • Roberts, J.D.1    Bebenek, K.2    Kunkel, T.A.3
  • 71
    • 0023375195 scopus 로고
    • The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees
    • Saitou, N., and M. Nei. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4:406-425.
    • (1987) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.4 , pp. 406-425
    • Saitou, N.1    Nei, M.2
  • 72
    • 0024556340 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients by ratio of antibodies to gp41 and p24
    • Schmidt, G., K. Amiraian, H. Frey, J. Wethers, R. W. Stevens, and D. S. Berns. 1989. Monitoring human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients by ratio of antibodies to gp41 and p24. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:843-848.
    • (1989) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.27 , pp. 843-848
    • Schmidt, G.1    Amiraian, K.2    Frey, H.3    Wethers, J.4    Stevens, R.W.5    Berns, D.S.6
  • 75
    • 0027172407 scopus 로고
    • The characterization of non-progressors: Long term HIV-1 infection with stable CD4+ T-cell levels
    • Sheppard, H. W., W. Lang, M. S. Ascher, E. Vittinghoff, and W. Winkelstein. 1993. The characterization of non-progressors: long term HIV-1 infection with stable CD4+ T-cell levels. AIDS 7:1159-1166.
    • (1993) AIDS , vol.7 , pp. 1159-1166
    • Sheppard, H.W.1    Lang, W.2    Ascher, M.S.3    Vittinghoff, E.4    Winkelstein, W.5
  • 76
    • 0025253821 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of sequence diversity in hypervariable regions of the external glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Simmonds, P., P. Balfe, C. A. Ludlam, J. O. Bishup, and A. J. Leigh Brown, 1990. Analysis of sequence diversity in hypervariable regions of the external glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 64:5840-5850.
    • (1990) J. Virol. , vol.64 , pp. 5840-5850
    • Simmonds, P.1    Balfe, P.2    Ludlam, C.A.3    Bishup, J.O.4    Leigh Brown, A.J.5
  • 77
    • 0025124532 scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals contain provirus in small numbers of peripheral mononuclear cells and at low copy numbers
    • Simmonds, P., P. Balfe, J. F. Peutherer, C. A. Ludlam, J. O. Bishop, and A. J. Leigh Brown. 1990. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals contain provirus in small numbers of peripheral mononuclear cells and at low copy numbers. J. Virol. 64:864-872.
    • (1990) J. Virol. , vol.64 , pp. 864-872
    • Simmonds, P.1    Balfe, P.2    Peutherer, J.F.3    Ludlam, C.A.4    Bishop, J.O.5    Leigh Brown, A.J.6
  • 78
    • 0026064626 scopus 로고
    • Discontinuous sequence change of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 env sequences in plasma viral and lymphocyteassociated proviral populations in vivo: Implications for models of HIV pathogenesis
    • Simmonds, P., L. Q. Zhang, F. McOmish, P. Balfe, C. A. Ludlam, and A. J. Leigh Brown. 1991. Discontinuous sequence change of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 env sequences in plasma viral and lymphocyteassociated proviral populations in vivo: implications for models of HIV pathogenesis. J. Virol. 65:6266-6276.
    • (1991) J. Virol. , vol.65 , pp. 6266-6276
    • Simmonds, P.1    Zhang, L.Q.2    McOmish, F.3    Balfe, P.4    Ludlam, C.A.5    Leigh Brown, A.J.6
  • 81
    • 0024536114 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a role of virulent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variants in the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Studies on sequential HIV isolates
    • Tersmette, M., R. A. Gruters, F. de Wolf, R. E. Y. de Goede, J. M. A. Lange, P. T. A. Schellekens, J. Goudsmit, H. G. Huisman, and F. Miedema. 1989. Evidence for a role of virulent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variants in the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: studies on sequential HIV isolates. J. Virol. 63:2118-2125.
    • (1989) J. Virol. , vol.63 , pp. 2118-2125
    • Tersmette, M.1    Gruters, R.A.2    De Wolf, F.3    De Goede, R.E.Y.4    Lange, J.M.A.5    Schellekens, P.T.A.6    Goudsmit, J.7    Huisman, H.G.8    Miedema, F.9
  • 82
    • 0027968068 scopus 로고
    • CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice
    • Thompson, J. D., D. G. Higgins, and T. J. Gibson. 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:4673-4680.
    • (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.22 , pp. 4673-4680
    • Thompson, J.D.1    Higgins, D.G.2    Gibson, T.J.3
  • 83
    • 0002512270 scopus 로고
    • Viral burden in AIDS
    • Wain-Hobson, S. 1993. Viral burden in AIDS. Nature 366:22.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.366 , pp. 22
    • Wain-Hobson, S.1
  • 85
    • 0030037398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV receptors and the pathogenesis of AIDS
    • Weiss, R. 1996. HIV receptors and the pathogenesis of AIDS. Science 272:1885-1886.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1885-1886
    • Weiss, R.1
  • 86
    • 0025630004 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of sequences encoding the principal neutralization epitope of human immunodeficiency virus 1 is host dependent, rapid, and continuous
    • Wolfs, T. F., J. J. de Jong, H. Van den Berg, J. M. Tijnagel, W. J. Krone, and J. Goudsmit. 1990. Evolution of sequences encoding the principal neutralization epitope of human immunodeficiency virus 1 is host dependent, rapid, and continuous. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:9938-9942.
    • (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.87 , pp. 9938-9942
    • Wolfs, T.F.1    De Jong, J.J.2    Van den Berg, H.3    Tijnagel, J.M.4    Krone, W.J.5    Goudsmit, J.6
  • 87
    • 0026695382 scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 genomic RNA diversification following sexual and parenteral virus transmission
    • Wolfs, T. F., G. Zwart, M. Bakker, and J. Goudsmit. 1992. HIV-1 genomic RNA diversification following sexual and parenteral virus transmission. Virology 189:103-110.
    • (1992) Virology , vol.189 , pp. 103-110
    • Wolfs, T.F.1    Zwart, G.2    Bakker, M.3    Goudsmit, J.4
  • 88
    • 0025990584 scopus 로고
    • Naturally occurring mutations within HIV-1 V3 genomic RNA lead to antigenic variation dependent on a single amino acid substitution
    • Wolfs, T. F., G. Zwart, M. Bakker, M. Valk, C. L. Kuiken, and J. Goudsmit. 1991. Naturally occurring mutations within HIV-1 V3 genomic RNA lead to antigenic variation dependent on a single amino acid substitution. Virology 185:195-205.
    • (1991) Virology , vol.185 , pp. 195-205
    • Wolfs, T.F.1    Zwart, G.2    Bakker, M.3    Valk, M.4    Kuiken, C.L.5    Goudsmit, J.6
  • 90
    • 0027229245 scopus 로고
    • Selection for specific sequences in the external envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 upon primary infection
    • Zhang, L. Q., P. MacKenzie, A. Cleland, E. C. Holmes, A. J. Leigh Brown, and P. Simmonds. 1993. Selection for specific sequences in the external envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 upon primary infection. J. Virol. 67:3345-3356.
    • (1993) J. Virol. , vol.67 , pp. 3345-3356
    • Zhang, L.Q.1    MacKenzie, P.2    Cleland, A.3    Holmes, E.C.4    Leigh Brown, A.J.5    Simmonds, P.6
  • 91
    • 0028147395 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of four related human immunodeficiency virus subtypes during the course of zidovudinc therapy: Relationship between virion RNA and proviral DNA
    • Zhang, Y.-M., S. C. Dawson, D. Landsman, H. C. Lane, and N. P. Salzmao. 1994. Persistence of four related human immunodeficiency virus subtypes during the course of zidovudinc therapy: relationship between virion RNA and proviral DNA. J. Virol. 68:425-432.
    • (1994) J. Virol. , vol.68 , pp. 425-432
    • Zhang, Y.-M.1    Dawson, S.C.2    Landsman, D.3    Lane, H.C.4    Salzmao, N.P.5
  • 92
    • 0027422278 scopus 로고
    • Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 in patients with primary infection
    • Zhu, T., H. Mo, N. Wang, D. S. Nam, Y. Cao, R. A. Koup, and D. D. Ho. 1993. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 in patients with primary infection. Science 261:1179-1181.
    • (1993) Science , vol.261 , pp. 1179-1181
    • Zhu, T.1    Mo, H.2    Wang, N.3    Nam, D.S.4    Cao, Y.5    Koup, R.A.6    Ho, D.D.7
  • 93
    • 0028239068 scopus 로고
    • Antibody responses to HIV-1 envelope and gag epitopes in HIV-1 seroconverters with rapid versus slow disease progression
    • Zwart, G., L. van der Hoek, M. Valk, M. T. Cornelissen, E. Baan, J. Dekker, M. Koot, C. L. Kuiken, and J. Goudsmit. 1994. Antibody responses to HIV-1 envelope and gag epitopes in HIV-1 seroconverters with rapid versus slow disease progression. Virology 201:285-293.
    • (1994) Virology , vol.201 , pp. 285-293
    • Zwart, G.1    Van der Hoek, L.2    Valk, M.3    Cornelissen, M.T.4    Baan, E.5    Dekker, J.6    Koot, M.7    Kuiken, C.L.8    Goudsmit, J.9


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.