London and the process of economic growth since 1750

London Journal

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 63-90

  Michie, Ranald C ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ECONOMIC SPILLOVER; URBAN ECONOMY; URBAN HISTORY;

UK, ENGLAND, LONDON;

EID: 0030819590     PISSN: 03058034     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/ldn.1997.22.1.63     Document Type: Article

References (240)

1. See D. Keene, 'London in the Early Middle Ages, 600-1300' p 16; V. Harding, 'Early Modern London, 1550-1700' p 37; L. Schwartz, 'London, 1700-1850' pp 46, 48; J. Davis, 'Modern London, 1850-1939' p 66, M. Herbert 'London Recent and Present' pp 93, 99, in The London Journal 20 (1995).
2. See D. Keene, 'London in the Early Middle Ages, 600-1300' p 16; V. Harding, 'Early Modern London, 1550-1700' p 37; L. Schwartz, 'London, 1700-1850' pp 46, 48; J. Davis, 'Modern London, 1850-1939' p 66, M. Herbert 'London Recent and Present' pp 93, 99, in The London Journal 20 (1995).
3. See D. Keene, 'London in the Early Middle Ages, 600-1300' p 16; V. Harding, 'Early Modern London, 1550-1700' p 37; L. Schwartz, 'London, 1700-1850' pp 46, 48; J. Davis, 'Modern London, 1850-1939' p 66, M. Herbert 'London Recent and Present' pp 93, 99, in The London Journal 20 (1995).
4. See D. Keene, 'London in the Early Middle Ages, 600-1300' p 16; V. Harding, 'Early Modern London, 1550-1700' p 37; L. Schwartz, 'London, 1700-1850' pp 46, 48; J. Davis, 'Modern London, 1850-1939' p 66, M. Herbert 'London Recent and Present' pp 93, 99, in The London Journal 20 (1995).
5. See D. Keene, 'London in the Early Middle Ages, 600-1300' p 16; V. Harding, 'Early Modern London, 1550-1700' p 37; L. Schwartz, 'London, 1700-1850' pp 46, 48; J. Davis, 'Modern London, 1850-1939' p 66, M. Herbert 'London Recent and Present' pp 93, 99, in The London Journal 20 (1995).
6. P. J. Cain and A. G. Hopkins, British Imperialism: Innovation and Expansion, 1688-1914 (London 1993) pp 61-7; 83-4; 89, 115, 121, 189; P. J. Cain, British Imperialism: Crisis and Deconstruction, 1914-1990 (London 1993) pp 5, 13-16, 48, 267, 292-6.
7. P. J. Cain and A. G. Hopkins, British Imperialism: Innovation and Expansion, 1688-1914 (London 1993) pp 61-7; 83-4; 89, 115, 121, 189; P. J. Cain, British Imperialism: Crisis and Deconstruction, 1914-1990 (London 1993) pp 5, 13-16, 48, 267, 292-6.
8. See the contrast between the classic article of E. A. Wrigley, 'A Simple Model of London's Importance in Changing English Society and Economy, 1650-1750' Past and Present 37 (1967) and the negative views on London by P Anderson, 'The Figures of Descent' New Left Review 161 (1987), 42; D. R. Green & K. Hoggart, 'London: An Uncertain Future' in K. Hoggart & D. Green (ed), London: A New Metropolitan Geography (1991) 231-2; and B. Robson, 'Coming Full Circle: London versus the Rest, 1890-1980' in G. Gordon (ed), Regional Cities in the UK, 1890-1980 (1986), 220.
9. See the contrast between the classic article of E. A. Wrigley, 'A Simple Model of London's Importance in Changing English Society and Economy, 1650-1750' Past and Present 37 (1967) and the negative views on London by P Anderson, 'The Figures of Descent' New Left Review 161 (1987), 42; D. R. Green & K. Hoggart, 'London: An Uncertain Future' in K. Hoggart & D. Green (ed), London: A New Metropolitan Geography (1991) 231-2; and B. Robson, 'Coming Full Circle: London versus the Rest, 1890-1980' in G. Gordon (ed), Regional Cities in the UK, 1890-1980 (1986), 220.
10. See the contrast between the classic article of E. A. Wrigley, 'A Simple Model of London's Importance in Changing English Society and Economy, 1650-1750' Past and Present 37 (1967) and the negative views on London by P Anderson, 'The Figures of Descent' New Left Review 161 (1987), 42; D. R. Green & K. Hoggart, 'London: An Uncertain Future' in K. Hoggart & D. Green (ed), London: A New Metropolitan Geography (1991) 231-2; and B. Robson, 'Coming Full Circle: London versus the Rest, 1890-1980' in G. Gordon (ed), Regional Cities in the UK, 1890-1980 (1986), 220.
11. See the contrast between the classic article of E. A. Wrigley, 'A Simple Model of London's Importance in Changing English Society and Economy, 1650-1750' Past and Present 37 (1967) and the negative views on London by P Anderson, 'The Figures of Descent' New Left Review 161 (1987), 42; D. R. Green & K. Hoggart, 'London: An Uncertain Future' in K. Hoggart & D. Green (ed), London: A New Metropolitan Geography (1991) 231-2; and B. Robson, 'Coming Full Circle: London versus the Rest, 1890-1980' in G. Gordon (ed), Regional Cities in the UK, 1890-1980 (1986), 220.
12. W. D. Rubinstein, Capitalism, Culture and Decline in Britain, 1750-1990 (1993), 24, 27, 31, 157.
13. For this debate see R. C. Michie, The City of London since 1850: Continuity and Change (1992), Introduction and Chp I and P. Anderson, 'Figures and Descent' 56, 69.
14. For this debate see R. C. Michie, The City of London since 1850: Continuity and Change (1992), Introduction and Chp I and P. Anderson, 'Figures and Descent' 56, 69.
15. D. Keene, 'Medieval London and its Region', The London Journal 14 (1989), 99-101, 103-6; F. J. Fisher, London and the English Economy, 1500-1700 (1990), 71, 191, 196-8; P. Earle, The Making of the English Middle Class: Business, Society and Family Life in London 1660-1730 (1989), 18-19, 43, 51; A. L. Beier & R. Finlay (eds), London 1500-1700: The Making of the Metropolis (1986) - chapters by Beier & Finlay, 1, 16; Finlay & Shearer, 39; Dietz, 117, 122-4, 129, 131-2; Beier, 151, Chatres, 171, 179-180, 183, 188; Kitch, 239; R. Porter, London: A Social History (1994), 131-142, J. Boulton, 'Wage Labour in Seventeenth-century London' Economic History Review XLIX (1996), 287.
16. D. Keene, 'Medieval London and its Region', The London Journal 14 (1989), 99-101, 103-6; F. J. Fisher, London and the English Economy, 1500-1700 (1990), 71, 191, 196-8; P. Earle, The Making of the English Middle Class: Business, Society and Family Life in London 1660-1730 (1989), 18-19, 43, 51; A. L. Beier & R. Finlay (eds), London 1500-1700: The Making of the Metropolis (1986) - chapters by Beier & Finlay, 1, 16; Finlay & Shearer, 39; Dietz, 117, 122-4, 129, 131-2; Beier, 151, Chatres, 171, 179-180, 183, 188; Kitch, 239; R. Porter, London: A Social History (1994), 131-142, J. Boulton, 'Wage Labour in Seventeenth-century London' Economic History Review XLIX (1996), 287.
17. D. Keene, 'Medieval London and its Region', The London Journal 14 (1989), 99-101, 103-6; F. J. Fisher, London and the English Economy, 1500-1700 (1990), 71, 191, 196-8; P. Earle, The Making of the English Middle Class: Business, Society and Family Life in London 1660-1730 (1989), 18-19, 43, 51; A. L. Beier & R. Finlay (eds), London 1500-1700: The Making of the Metropolis (1986) - chapters by Beier & Finlay, 1, 16; Finlay & Shearer, 39; Dietz, 117, 122-4, 129, 131-2; Beier, 151, Chatres, 171, 179-180, 183, 188; Kitch, 239; R. Porter, London: A Social History (1994), 131-142, J. Boulton, 'Wage Labour in Seventeenth-century London' Economic History Review XLIX (1996), 287.
18. D. Keene, 'Medieval London and its Region', The London Journal 14 (1989), 99-101, 103-6; F. J. Fisher, London and the English Economy, 1500-1700 (1990), 71, 191, 196-8; P. Earle, The Making of the English Middle Class: Business, Society and Family Life in London 1660-1730 (1989), 18-19, 43, 51; A. L. Beier & R. Finlay (eds), London 1500-1700: The Making of the Metropolis (1986) - chapters by Beier & Finlay, 1, 16; Finlay & Shearer, 39; Dietz, 117, 122-4, 129, 131-2; Beier, 151, Chatres, 171, 179-180, 183, 188; Kitch, 239; R. Porter, London: A Social History (1994), 131-142, J. Boulton, 'Wage Labour in Seventeenth-century London' Economic History Review XLIX (1996), 287.
19. D. Keene, 'Medieval London and its Region', The London Journal 14 (1989), 99-101, 103-6; F. J. Fisher, London and the English Economy, 1500-1700 (1990), 71, 191, 196-8; P. Earle, The Making of the English Middle Class: Business, Society and Family Life in London 1660-1730 (1989), 18-19, 43, 51; A. L. Beier & R. Finlay (eds), London 1500-1700: The Making of the Metropolis (1986) - chapters by Beier & Finlay, 1, 16; Finlay & Shearer, 39; Dietz, 117, 122-4, 129, 131-2; Beier, 151, Chatres, 171, 179-180, 183, 188; Kitch, 239; R. Porter, London: A Social History (1994), 131-142, J. Boulton, 'Wage Labour in Seventeenth-century London' Economic History Review XLIX (1996), 287.
20. D. Keene, 'Medieval London and its Region', The London Journal 14 (1989), 99-101, 103-6; F. J. Fisher, London and the English Economy, 1500-1700 (1990), 71, 191, 196-8; P. Earle, The Making of the English Middle Class: Business, Society and Family Life in London 1660-1730 (1989), 18-19, 43, 51; A. L. Beier & R. Finlay (eds), London 1500-1700: The Making of the Metropolis (1986) - chapters by Beier & Finlay, 1, 16; Finlay & Shearer, 39; Dietz, 117, 122-4, 129, 131-2; Beier, 151, Chatres, 171, 179-180, 183, 188; Kitch, 239; R. Porter, London: A Social History (1994), 131-142, J. Boulton, 'Wage Labour in Seventeenth-century London' Economic History Review XLIX (1996), 287.
21. N. Zahedied, 'London and the Colonial Consumer in the late Seventeenth Century', Economic History Review, XLVII (1994), 241, 247-8, 256-8; see R. C. Michie, Introduction in R. C. Michie (ed.), Commercial and Financial Services (Oxford, 1994)
22. N. Zahedied, 'London and the Colonial Consumer in the late Seventeenth Century', Economic History Review, XLVII (1994), 241, 247-8, 256-8; see R. C. Michie, Introduction in R. C. Michie (ed.), Commercial and Financial Services (Oxford, 1994)
23. T. Barker, 'Business as usual?': London and the Industrial Revolution' in History Today, Feb 1989, 46-8, B. R. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1988), 244, 708; L. Weatherill, Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture in Britain, 1660-1760 (London 1988), 61; I. S. Black, The London Agency System in English Banking, 1780-1825' The London Journal 21 (1996), 112, 127; B. Lemire, Fashions Favourite: The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain: 1660-1800 (Oxford, 1991), 124, 130-134, 195; T. Kusamitsu, 'Novelty, gives u Novelty': London Agents and Northern Manufacturers in M. Berg (ed.), Markets and Manufacture in Early Industrial Europe (London 1991), 120, 125, 128-9; J. H. J. Hoppit, Risk and Failure in English Business, 1700-1800 (Cambridge 1987), 8. N. McKendrick, 'Josiah Wedgwood and the Commercialisation of the Potteries, N. McKendrick, J. Brewer and J. H. Plumb (ed.), The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialisation of Eighteenth-Century England (London 1982), 103. See the debate between Langton, and Gregory on the influence of London upon the British economy at this time - J. Langton, 'The Industrial Revolution and the Regional Geography of England'. Transactions: Institute of British Geographers 9 (1984), 162-3, 511; D. Gregory, 'The Production of Regions in England's Industrial Revolution J. of Hist. Geogr. 14 (1988), 55-6, 173.
24. T. Barker, 'Business as usual?': London and the Industrial Revolution' in History Today, Feb 1989, 46-8, B. R. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1988), 244, 708; L. Weatherill, Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture in Britain, 1660-1760 (London 1988), 61; I. S. Black, The London Agency System in English Banking, 1780-1825' The London Journal 21 (1996), 112, 127; B. Lemire, Fashions Favourite: The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain: 1660-1800 (Oxford, 1991), 124, 130-134, 195; T. Kusamitsu, 'Novelty, gives u Novelty': London Agents and Northern Manufacturers in M. Berg (ed.), Markets and Manufacture in Early Industrial Europe (London 1991), 120, 125, 128-9; J. H. J. Hoppit, Risk and Failure in English Business, 1700-1800 (Cambridge 1987), 8. N. McKendrick, 'Josiah Wedgwood and the Commercialisation of the Potteries, N. McKendrick, J. Brewer and J. H. Plumb (ed.), The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialisation of Eighteenth-Century England (London 1982), 103. See the debate between Langton, and Gregory on the influence of London upon the British economy at this time - J. Langton, 'The Industrial Revolution and the Regional Geography of England'. Transactions: Institute of British Geographers 9 (1984), 162-3, 511; D. Gregory, 'The Production of Regions in England's Industrial Revolution J. of Hist. Geogr. 14 (1988), 55-6, 173.
25. T. Barker, 'Business as usual?': London and the Industrial Revolution' in History Today, Feb 1989, 46-8, B. R. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1988), 244, 708; L. Weatherill, Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture in Britain, 1660-1760 (London 1988), 61; I. S. Black, The London Agency System in English Banking, 1780-1825' The London Journal 21 (1996), 112, 127; B. Lemire, Fashions Favourite: The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain: 1660-1800 (Oxford, 1991), 124, 130-134, 195; T. Kusamitsu, 'Novelty, gives u Novelty': London Agents and Northern Manufacturers in M. Berg (ed.), Markets and Manufacture in Early Industrial Europe (London 1991), 120, 125, 128-9; J. H. J. Hoppit, Risk and Failure in English Business, 1700-1800 (Cambridge 1987), 8. N. McKendrick, 'Josiah Wedgwood and the Commercialisation of the Potteries, N. McKendrick, J. Brewer and J. H. Plumb (ed.), The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialisation of Eighteenth-Century England (London 1982), 103. See the debate between Langton, and Gregory on the influence of London upon the British economy at this time - J. Langton, 'The Industrial Revolution and the Regional Geography of England'. Transactions: Institute of British Geographers 9 (1984), 162-3, 511; D. Gregory, 'The Production of Regions in England's Industrial Revolution J. of Hist. Geogr. 14 (1988), 55-6, 173.
26. T. Barker, 'Business as usual?': London and the Industrial Revolution' in History Today, Feb 1989, 46-8, B. R. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1988), 244, 708; L. Weatherill, Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture in Britain, 1660-1760 (London 1988), 61; I. S. Black, The London Agency System in English Banking, 1780-1825' The London Journal 21 (1996), 112, 127; B. Lemire, Fashions Favourite: The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain: 1660-1800 (Oxford, 1991), 124, 130-134, 195; T. Kusamitsu, 'Novelty, gives u Novelty': London Agents and Northern Manufacturers in M. Berg (ed.), Markets and Manufacture in Early Industrial Europe (London 1991), 120, 125, 128-9; J. H. J. Hoppit, Risk and Failure in English Business, 1700-1800 (Cambridge 1987), 8. N. McKendrick, 'Josiah Wedgwood and the Commercialisation of the Potteries, N. McKendrick, J. Brewer and J. H. Plumb (ed.), The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialisation of Eighteenth-Century England (London 1982), 103. See the debate between Langton, and Gregory on the influence of London upon the British economy at this time - J. Langton, 'The Industrial Revolution and the Regional Geography of England'. Transactions: Institute of British Geographers 9 (1984), 162-3, 511; D. Gregory, 'The Production of Regions in England's Industrial Revolution J. of Hist. Geogr. 14 (1988), 55-6, 173.
27. T. Barker, 'Business as usual?': London and the Industrial Revolution' in History Today, Feb 1989, 46-8, B. R. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1988), 244, 708; L. Weatherill, Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture in Britain, 1660-1760 (London 1988), 61; I. S. Black, The London Agency System in English Banking, 1780-1825' The London Journal 21 (1996), 112, 127; B. Lemire, Fashions Favourite: The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain: 1660-1800 (Oxford, 1991), 124, 130-134, 195; T. Kusamitsu, 'Novelty, gives u Novelty': London Agents and Northern Manufacturers in M. Berg (ed.), Markets and Manufacture in Early Industrial Europe (London 1991), 120, 125, 128-9; J. H. J. Hoppit, Risk and Failure in English Business, 1700-1800 (Cambridge 1987), 8. N. McKendrick, 'Josiah Wedgwood and the Commercialisation of the Potteries, N. McKendrick, J. Brewer and J. H. Plumb (ed.), The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialisation of Eighteenth-Century England (London 1982), 103. See the debate between Langton, and Gregory on the influence of London upon the British economy at this time - J. Langton, 'The Industrial Revolution and the Regional Geography of England'. Transactions: Institute of British Geographers 9 (1984), 162-3, 511; D. Gregory, 'The Production of Regions in England's Industrial Revolution J. of Hist. Geogr. 14 (1988), 55-6, 173.
28. T. Barker, 'Business as usual?': London and the Industrial Revolution' in History Today, Feb 1989, 46-8, B. R. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1988), 244, 708; L. Weatherill, Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture in Britain, 1660-1760 (London 1988), 61; I. S. Black, The London Agency System in English Banking, 1780-1825' The London Journal 21 (1996), 112, 127; B. Lemire, Fashions Favourite: The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain: 1660-1800 (Oxford, 1991), 124, 130-134, 195; T. Kusamitsu, 'Novelty, gives u Novelty': London Agents and Northern Manufacturers in M. Berg (ed.), Markets and Manufacture in Early Industrial Europe (London 1991), 120, 125, 128-9; J. H. J. Hoppit, Risk and Failure in English Business, 1700-1800 (Cambridge 1987), 8. N. McKendrick, 'Josiah Wedgwood and the Commercialisation of the Potteries, N. McKendrick, J. Brewer and J. H. Plumb (ed.), The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialisation of Eighteenth-Century England (London 1982), 103. See the debate between Langton, and Gregory on the influence of London upon the British economy at this time - J. Langton, 'The Industrial Revolution and the Regional Geography of England'. Transactions: Institute of British Geographers 9 (1984), 162-3, 511; D. Gregory, 'The Production of Regions in England's Industrial Revolution J. of Hist. Geogr. 14 (1988), 55-6, 173.
29. T. Barker, 'Business as usual?': London and the Industrial Revolution' in History Today, Feb 1989, 46-8, B. R. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1988), 244, 708; L. Weatherill, Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture in Britain, 1660-1760 (London 1988), 61; I. S. Black, The London Agency System in English Banking, 1780-1825' The London Journal 21 (1996), 112, 127; B. Lemire, Fashions Favourite: The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain: 1660-1800 (Oxford, 1991), 124, 130-134, 195; T. Kusamitsu, 'Novelty, gives u Novelty': London Agents and Northern Manufacturers in M. Berg (ed.), Markets and Manufacture in Early Industrial Europe (London 1991), 120, 125, 128-9; J. H. J. Hoppit, Risk and Failure in English Business, 1700-1800 (Cambridge 1987), 8. N. McKendrick, 'Josiah Wedgwood and the Commercialisation of the Potteries, N. McKendrick, J. Brewer and J. H. Plumb (ed.), The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialisation of Eighteenth-Century England (London 1982), 103. See the debate between Langton, and Gregory on the influence of London upon the British economy at this time - J. Langton, 'The Industrial Revolution and the Regional Geography of England'. Transactions: Institute of British Geographers 9 (1984), 162-3, 511; D. Gregory, 'The Production of Regions in England's Industrial Revolution J. of Hist. Geogr. 14 (1988), 55-6, 173.
30. T. Barker, 'Business as usual?': London and the Industrial Revolution' in History Today, Feb 1989, 46-8, B. R. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1988), 244, 708; L. Weatherill, Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture in Britain, 1660-1760 (London 1988), 61; I. S. Black, The London Agency System in English Banking, 1780-1825' The London Journal 21 (1996), 112, 127; B. Lemire, Fashions Favourite: The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain: 1660-1800 (Oxford, 1991), 124, 130-134, 195; T. Kusamitsu, 'Novelty, gives u Novelty': London Agents and Northern Manufacturers in M. Berg (ed.), Markets and Manufacture in Early Industrial Europe (London 1991), 120, 125, 128-9; J. H. J. Hoppit, Risk and Failure in English Business, 1700-1800 (Cambridge 1987), 8. N. McKendrick, 'Josiah Wedgwood and the Commercialisation of the Potteries, N. McKendrick, J. Brewer and J. H. Plumb (ed.), The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialisation of Eighteenth-Century England (London 1982), 103. See the debate between Langton, and Gregory on the influence of London upon the British economy at this time - J. Langton, 'The Industrial Revolution and the Regional Geography of England'. Transactions: Institute of British Geographers 9 (1984), 162-3, 511; D. Gregory, 'The Production of Regions in England's Industrial Revolution J. of Hist. Geogr. 14 (1988), 55-6, 173.
31. T. Barker, 'Business as usual?': London and the Industrial Revolution' in History Today, Feb 1989, 46-8, B. R. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1988), 244, 708; L. Weatherill, Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture in Britain, 1660-1760 (London 1988), 61; I. S. Black, The London Agency System in English Banking, 1780-1825' The London Journal 21 (1996), 112, 127; B. Lemire, Fashions Favourite: The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain: 1660-1800 (Oxford, 1991), 124, 130-134, 195; T. Kusamitsu, 'Novelty, gives u Novelty': London Agents and Northern Manufacturers in M. Berg (ed.), Markets and Manufacture in Early Industrial Europe (London 1991), 120, 125, 128-9; J. H. J. Hoppit, Risk and Failure in English Business, 1700-1800 (Cambridge 1987), 8. N. McKendrick, 'Josiah Wedgwood and the Commercialisation of the Potteries, N. McKendrick, J. Brewer and J. H. Plumb (ed.), The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialisation of Eighteenth-Century England (London 1982), 103. See the debate between Langton, and Gregory on the influence of London upon the British economy at this time - J. Langton, 'The Industrial Revolution and the Regional Geography of England'. Transactions: Institute of British Geographers 9 (1984), 162-3, 511; D. Gregory, 'The Production of Regions in England's Industrial Revolution J. of Hist. Geogr. 14 (1988), 55-6, 173.
32. T. Barker, 'Business as usual?': London and the Industrial Revolution' in History Today, Feb 1989, 46-8, B. R. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1988), 244, 708; L. Weatherill, Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture in Britain, 1660-1760 (London 1988), 61; I. S. Black, The London Agency System in English Banking, 1780-1825' The London Journal 21 (1996), 112, 127; B. Lemire, Fashions Favourite: The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain: 1660-1800 (Oxford, 1991), 124, 130-134, 195; T. Kusamitsu, 'Novelty, gives u Novelty': London Agents and Northern Manufacturers in M. Berg (ed.), Markets and Manufacture in Early Industrial Europe (London 1991), 120, 125, 128-9; J. H. J. Hoppit, Risk and Failure in English Business, 1700-1800 (Cambridge 1987), 8. N. McKendrick, 'Josiah Wedgwood and the Commercialisation of the Potteries, N. McKendrick, J. Brewer and J. H. Plumb (ed.), The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialisation of Eighteenth-Century England (London 1982), 103. See the debate between Langton, and Gregory on the influence of London upon the British economy at this time - J. Langton, 'The Industrial Revolution and the Regional Geography of England'. Transactions: Institute of British Geographers 9 (1984), 162-3, 511; D. Gregory, 'The Production of Regions in England's Industrial Revolution J. of Hist. Geogr. 14 (1988), 55-6, 173.
33. O. H. K. Spate, 'Geographical Aspects of the Industrial Revolution till 1850' Geographical Journal XCII (1938), 422, 426-7; L. D. Schwartz, London in the Age of Industrialization: Entrepreneurs, Labour Force and Living Conditions, 1700-1850 (Cambridge 1992), 34; G. Dodd, Days at the Factories (London 1843), 4-5, 7-8.
34. O. H. K. Spate, 'Geographical Aspects of the Industrial Revolution till 1850' Geographical Journal XCII (1938), 422, 426-7; L. D. Schwartz, London in the Age of Industrialization: Entrepreneurs, Labour Force and Living Conditions, 1700-1850 (Cambridge 1992), 34; G. Dodd, Days at the Factories (London 1843), 4-5, 7-8.
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36. Schwartz, London in the Age of Industrialisation, 231 cf pp 2, 31-2, 41, 80, 231.
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41. C. J. French, 'Crowded with Traders and a Great Commerce: London's Domination of English Overseas Trade, 1700-1775', The London Journal 17 (1992), 27, 29-30, 32-3. C. J. French, 'London's Overseas Trade with Europe, 1700-1775', The Journal of European Economic History 23 (1994), 482,491,498; D. M. Williams, 'Merchanting in the First Half of the 19th Century: The Liverpool Timber Trade' Business History 8 (1966), 103, 115, H-C. and L. H. Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping in Eighteenth-Century England (1989), 12; G. Jackson, 'The Ports', M. J. Freeman & D. H. Aldcroft (eds), Transport in Victorian Britain (Manchester, 1988) p 241; F. Crouzet, Britain Ascendant: Comparative Studies in Franco - British Economic History (Cambridge, 1990) 482; Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 63-4, 69-70, 97; R. C. Jarvis, 'The Metamorphosis of the Port of London' The London Journal 3 (1977), 65-7.
42. C. J. French, 'Crowded with Traders and a Great Commerce: London's Domination of English Overseas Trade, 1700-1775', The London Journal 17 (1992), 27, 29-30, 32-3. C. J. French, 'London's Overseas Trade with Europe, 1700-1775', The Journal of European Economic History 23 (1994), 482,491,498; D. M. Williams, 'Merchanting in the First Half of the 19th Century: The Liverpool Timber Trade' Business History 8 (1966), 103, 115, H-C. and L. H. Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping in Eighteenth-Century England (1989), 12; G. Jackson, 'The Ports', M. J. Freeman & D. H. Aldcroft (eds), Transport in Victorian Britain (Manchester, 1988) p 241; F. Crouzet, Britain Ascendant: Comparative Studies in Franco - British Economic History (Cambridge, 1990) 482; Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 63-4, 69-70, 97; R. C. Jarvis, 'The Metamorphosis of the Port of London' The London Journal 3 (1977), 65-7.
43. C. J. French, 'Crowded with Traders and a Great Commerce: London's Domination of English Overseas Trade, 1700-1775', The London Journal 17 (1992), 27, 29-30, 32-3. C. J. French, 'London's Overseas Trade with Europe, 1700-1775', The Journal of European Economic History 23 (1994), 482,491,498; D. M. Williams, 'Merchanting in the First Half of the 19th Century: The Liverpool Timber Trade' Business History 8 (1966), 103, 115, H-C. and L. H. Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping in Eighteenth-Century England (1989), 12; G. Jackson, 'The Ports', M. J. Freeman & D. H. Aldcroft (eds), Transport in Victorian Britain (Manchester, 1988) p 241; F. Crouzet, Britain Ascendant: Comparative Studies in Franco - British Economic History (Cambridge, 1990) 482; Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 63-4, 69-70, 97; R. C. Jarvis, 'The Metamorphosis of the Port of London' The London Journal 3 (1977), 65-7.
44. C. J. French, 'Crowded with Traders and a Great Commerce: London's Domination of English Overseas Trade, 1700-1775', The London Journal 17 (1992), 27, 29-30, 32-3. C. J. French, 'London's Overseas Trade with Europe, 1700-1775', The Journal of European Economic History 23 (1994), 482,491,498; D. M. Williams, 'Merchanting in the First Half of the 19th Century: The Liverpool Timber Trade' Business History 8 (1966), 103, 115, H-C. and L. H. Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping in Eighteenth-Century England (1989), 12; G. Jackson, 'The Ports', M. J. Freeman & D. H. Aldcroft (eds), Transport in Victorian Britain (Manchester, 1988) p 241; F. Crouzet, Britain Ascendant: Comparative Studies in Franco - British Economic History (Cambridge, 1990) 482; Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 63-4, 69-70, 97; R. C. Jarvis, 'The Metamorphosis of the Port of London' The London Journal 3 (1977), 65-7.
45. C. J. French, 'Crowded with Traders and a Great Commerce: London's Domination of English Overseas Trade, 1700-1775', The London Journal 17 (1992), 27, 29-30, 32-3. C. J. French, 'London's Overseas Trade with Europe, 1700-1775', The Journal of European Economic History 23 (1994), 482,491,498; D. M. Williams, 'Merchanting in the First Half of the 19th Century: The Liverpool Timber Trade' Business History 8 (1966), 103, 115, H-C. and L. H. Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping in Eighteenth-Century England (1989), 12; G. Jackson, 'The Ports', M. J. Freeman & D. H. Aldcroft (eds), Transport in Victorian Britain (Manchester, 1988) p 241; F. Crouzet, Britain Ascendant: Comparative Studies in Franco - British Economic History (Cambridge, 1990) 482; Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 63-4, 69-70, 97; R. C. Jarvis, 'The Metamorphosis of the Port of London' The London Journal 3 (1977), 65-7.
46. C. J. French, 'Crowded with Traders and a Great Commerce: London's Domination of English Overseas Trade, 1700-1775', The London Journal 17 (1992), 27, 29-30, 32-3. C. J. French, 'London's Overseas Trade with Europe, 1700-1775', The Journal of European Economic History 23 (1994), 482,491,498; D. M. Williams, 'Merchanting in the First Half of the 19th Century: The Liverpool Timber Trade' Business History 8 (1966), 103, 115, H-C. and L. H. Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping in Eighteenth-Century England (1989), 12; G. Jackson, 'The Ports', M. J. Freeman & D. H. Aldcroft (eds), Transport in Victorian Britain (Manchester, 1988) p 241; F. Crouzet, Britain Ascendant: Comparative Studies in Franco - British Economic History (Cambridge, 1990) 482; Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 63-4, 69-70, 97; R. C. Jarvis, 'The Metamorphosis of the Port of London' The London Journal 3 (1977), 65-7.
47. C. J. French, 'Crowded with Traders and a Great Commerce: London's Domination of English Overseas Trade, 1700-1775', The London Journal 17 (1992), 27, 29-30, 32-3. C. J. French, 'London's Overseas Trade with Europe, 1700-1775', The Journal of European Economic History 23 (1994), 482,491,498; D. M. Williams, 'Merchanting in the First Half of the 19th Century: The Liverpool Timber Trade' Business History 8 (1966), 103, 115, H-C. and L. H. Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping in Eighteenth-Century England (1989), 12; G. Jackson, 'The Ports', M. J. Freeman & D. H. Aldcroft (eds), Transport in Victorian Britain (Manchester, 1988) p 241; F. Crouzet, Britain Ascendant: Comparative Studies in Franco - British Economic History (Cambridge, 1990) 482; Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 63-4, 69-70, 97; R. C. Jarvis, 'The Metamorphosis of the Port of London' The London Journal 3 (1977), 65-7.
48. C. J. French, 'Crowded with Traders and a Great Commerce: London's Domination of English Overseas Trade, 1700-1775', The London Journal 17 (1992), 27, 29-30, 32-3. C. J. French, 'London's Overseas Trade with Europe, 1700-1775', The Journal of European Economic History 23 (1994), 482,491,498; D. M. Williams, 'Merchanting in the First Half of the 19th Century: The Liverpool Timber Trade' Business History 8 (1966), 103, 115, H-C. and L. H. Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping in Eighteenth-Century England (1989), 12; G. Jackson, 'The Ports', M. J. Freeman & D. H. Aldcroft (eds), Transport in Victorian Britain (Manchester, 1988) p 241; F. Crouzet, Britain Ascendant: Comparative Studies in Franco - British Economic History (Cambridge, 1990) 482; Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 63-4, 69-70, 97; R. C. Jarvis, 'The Metamorphosis of the Port of London' The London Journal 3 (1977), 65-7.
49. S. Chapman, Merchant Enterprise in Britain: From the Industrial Revolution to World War I (Cambridge, 1992), 30, 38, 76, 83, 181-2; Spate, 'Geographical Aspects', 425-6, D. Gerhold, 'The Growth of the London Carrying Trade, 1681-1838', Econ. Hist. Rev. 41 (1988), 403, 408; J. Blackman, 'The Cattle Trade and Agrarian Change on the Eve of the Railway Age', Agricultural History Review 23 (1975), 61; D. Alexander, Retailing in England during the Industrial Revolution (1970), 41, 116, 131-2; Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping, 51, 70, 110, 290, Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 57, 186.
50. S. Chapman, Merchant Enterprise in Britain: From the Industrial Revolution to World War I (Cambridge, 1992), 30, 38, 76, 83, 181-2; Spate, 'Geographical Aspects', 425-6, D. Gerhold, 'The Growth of the London Carrying Trade, 1681-1838', Econ. Hist. Rev. 41 (1988), 403, 408; J. Blackman, 'The Cattle Trade and Agrarian Change on the Eve of the Railway Age', Agricultural History Review 23 (1975), 61; D. Alexander, Retailing in England during the Industrial Revolution (1970), 41, 116, 131-2; Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping, 51, 70, 110, 290, Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 57, 186.
51. S. Chapman, Merchant Enterprise in Britain: From the Industrial Revolution to World War I (Cambridge, 1992), 30, 38, 76, 83, 181-2; Spate, 'Geographical Aspects', 425-6, D. Gerhold, 'The Growth of the London Carrying Trade, 1681-1838', Econ. Hist. Rev. 41 (1988), 403, 408; J. Blackman, 'The Cattle Trade and Agrarian Change on the Eve of the Railway Age', Agricultural History Review 23 (1975), 61; D. Alexander, Retailing in England during the Industrial Revolution (1970), 41, 116, 131-2; Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping, 51, 70, 110, 290, Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 57, 186.
52. S. Chapman, Merchant Enterprise in Britain: From the Industrial Revolution to World War I (Cambridge, 1992), 30, 38, 76, 83, 181-2; Spate, 'Geographical Aspects', 425-6, D. Gerhold, 'The Growth of the London Carrying Trade, 1681-1838', Econ. Hist. Rev. 41 (1988), 403, 408; J. Blackman, 'The Cattle Trade and Agrarian Change on the Eve of the Railway Age', Agricultural History Review 23 (1975), 61; D. Alexander, Retailing in England during the Industrial Revolution (1970), 41, 116, 131-2; Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping, 51, 70, 110, 290, Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 57, 186.
53. S. Chapman, Merchant Enterprise in Britain: From the Industrial Revolution to World War I (Cambridge, 1992), 30, 38, 76, 83, 181-2; Spate, 'Geographical Aspects', 425-6, D. Gerhold, 'The Growth of the London Carrying Trade, 1681-1838', Econ. Hist. Rev. 41 (1988), 403, 408; J. Blackman, 'The Cattle Trade and Agrarian Change on the Eve of the Railway Age', Agricultural History Review 23 (1975), 61; D. Alexander, Retailing in England during the Industrial Revolution (1970), 41, 116, 131-2; Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping, 51, 70, 110, 290, Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 57, 186.
54. S. Chapman, Merchant Enterprise in Britain: From the Industrial Revolution to World War I (Cambridge, 1992), 30, 38, 76, 83, 181-2; Spate, 'Geographical Aspects', 425-6, D. Gerhold, 'The Growth of the London Carrying Trade, 1681-1838', Econ. Hist. Rev. 41 (1988), 403, 408; J. Blackman, 'The Cattle Trade and Agrarian Change on the Eve of the Railway Age', Agricultural History Review 23 (1975), 61; D. Alexander, Retailing in England during the Industrial Revolution (1970), 41, 116, 131-2; Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping, 51, 70, 110, 290, Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 57, 186.
55. S. Chapman, Merchant Enterprise in Britain: From the Industrial Revolution to World War I (Cambridge, 1992), 30, 38, 76, 83, 181-2; Spate, 'Geographical Aspects', 425-6, D. Gerhold, 'The Growth of the London Carrying Trade, 1681-1838', Econ. Hist. Rev. 41 (1988), 403, 408; J. Blackman, 'The Cattle Trade and Agrarian Change on the Eve of the Railway Age', Agricultural History Review 23 (1975), 61; D. Alexander, Retailing in England during the Industrial Revolution (1970), 41, 116, 131-2; Mui, Shops and Shopkeeping, 51, 70, 110, 290, Hoppit, Risk and Failure, 57, 186.
56. A. H. John, 'The London Assurance Company and the Marine Insurance Market of the 18th Century', Economics NS 25 (1958), 127, D. C. Coleman, 'London Scriveners and the Estate Market in the late 17th Century' Econ. Hist. Rev. 4 (1951/2), 230; I. S. Black, 'Geography, Political Economy and the Circulation of Finance Capital in early Industrial England' J. Hist. Geog. 15 (1989), 381; I. S. Black, 'Money, Information and Space: Banking in early Nineteenth-Century England and Wales' J. Hist. Geog. 21 (1995), 403, 410.
57. A. H. John, 'The London Assurance Company and the Marine Insurance Market of the 18th Century', Economics NS 25 (1958), 127, D. C. Coleman, 'London Scriveners and the Estate Market in the late 17th Century' Econ. Hist. Rev. 4 (1951/2), 230; I. S. Black, 'Geography, Political Economy and the Circulation of Finance Capital in early Industrial England' J. Hist. Geog. 15 (1989), 381; I. S. Black, 'Money, Information and Space: Banking in early Nineteenth-Century England and Wales' J. Hist. Geog. 21 (1995), 403, 410.
58. A. H. John, 'The London Assurance Company and the Marine Insurance Market of the 18th Century', Economics NS 25 (1958), 127, D. C. Coleman, 'London Scriveners and the Estate Market in the late 17th Century' Econ. Hist. Rev. 4 (1951/2), 230; I. S. Black, 'Geography, Political Economy and the Circulation of Finance Capital in early Industrial England' J. Hist. Geog. 15 (1989), 381; I. S. Black, 'Money, Information and Space: Banking in early Nineteenth-Century England and Wales' J. Hist. Geog. 21 (1995), 403, 410.
59. A. H. John, 'The London Assurance Company and the Marine Insurance Market of the 18th Century', Economics NS 25 (1958), 127, D. C. Coleman, 'London Scriveners and the Estate Market in the late 17th Century' Econ. Hist. Rev. 4 (1951/2), 230; I. S. Black, 'Geography, Political Economy and the Circulation of Finance Capital in early Industrial England' J. Hist. Geog. 15 (1989), 381; I. S. Black, 'Money, Information and Space: Banking in early Nineteenth-Century England and Wales' J. Hist. Geog. 21 (1995), 403, 410.
60. M. J. Daunton, 'Industry in London: Revisions and Reflections', 2-3; D. Green, 'The Nineteenth-Century Metropolitan Economy: A Revisionist Interpretation', 9; P. Johnson, 'Economic Development and Industrial Dynamism in Victorian London', 27-8. all in The London Journal 21 (1996); G. Dodd, Days at the Factories (1843), 4-8, 14-15. See also the example of the impact made by London's demands on North-East Scotland in R. C. Michie, 'Trade and Transport in the Economic Development of North-East Scotland in the Nineteenth Century', Scottish Economic and Social History, 3 (1983).
61. M. J. Daunton, 'Industry in London: Revisions and Reflections', 2-3; D. Green, 'The Nineteenth-Century Metropolitan Economy: A Revisionist Interpretation', 9; P. Johnson, 'Economic Development and Industrial Dynamism in Victorian London', 27-8. all in The London Journal 21 (1996); G. Dodd, Days at the Factories (1843), 4-8, 14-15. See also the example of the impact made by London's demands on North-East Scotland in R. C. Michie, 'Trade and Transport in the Economic Development of North-East Scotland in the Nineteenth Century', Scottish Economic and Social History, 3 (1983).
62. M. J. Daunton, 'Industry in London: Revisions and Reflections', 2-3; D. Green, 'The Nineteenth-Century Metropolitan Economy: A Revisionist Interpretation', 9; P. Johnson, 'Economic Development and Industrial Dynamism in Victorian London', 27-8. all in The London Journal 21 (1996); G. Dodd, Days at the Factories (1843), 4-8, 14-15. See also the example of the impact made by London's demands on North-East Scotland in R. C. Michie, 'Trade and Transport in the Economic Development of North-East Scotland in the Nineteenth Century', Scottish Economic and Social History, 3 (1983).
63. M. J. Daunton, 'Industry in London: Revisions and Reflections', 2-3; D. Green, 'The Nineteenth-Century Metropolitan Economy: A Revisionist Interpretation', 9; P. Johnson, 'Economic Development and Industrial Dynamism in Victorian London', 27-8. all in The London Journal 21 (1996); G. Dodd, Days at the Factories (1843), 4-8, 14-15. See also the example of the impact made by London's demands on North-East Scotland in R. C. Michie, 'Trade and Transport in the Economic Development of North-East Scotland in the Nineteenth Century', Scottish Economic and Social History, 3 (1983).
64. M. J. Daunton, 'Industry in London: Revisions and Reflections', 2-3; D. Green, 'The Nineteenth-Century Metropolitan Economy: A Revisionist Interpretation', 9; P. Johnson, 'Economic Development and Industrial Dynamism in Victorian London', 27-8. all in The London Journal 21 (1996); G. Dodd, Days at the Factories (1843), 4-8, 14-15. See also the example of the impact made by London's demands on North-East Scotland in R. C. Michie, 'Trade and Transport in the Economic Development of North-East Scotland in the Nineteenth Century', Scottish Economic and Social History, 3 (1983).
65. For such a view see P. Bairoch, Cities and Economic Development: From the Dawn of History to the Present (Chicago, 1988), 250, 256, 329, 336, 503. However Bairoch accepts the notion that a city's ability to generate technological change was directly related to its size, and London was the largest in Europe at this time, and probably the world.
66. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics, 25, 30, 33, 35.
67. W. M. J. Williams, 'London's Share of the King's Taxes' Economic Journal XIV (1904), 232, J. Langton & R. J. Morris (eds), Atlas of Industrializing Britain, 1780-1914 (1986), 158; W. D. Rubinstein, Men of Property: The Very Wealthy in Britain since the Industrial Revolution (1981), 103/4; F. M. L. Thompson, 'Business and Landed Elites in the Nineteenth Century' in F. M. L. Thompson (ed.), Landowners, Capitalists and Entrepreneurs (Oxford, 1994) 139-141.
68. W. M. J. Williams, 'London's Share of the King's Taxes' Economic Journal XIV (1904), 232, J. Langton & R. J. Morris (eds), Atlas of Industrializing Britain, 1780-1914 (1986), 158; W. D. Rubinstein, Men of Property: The Very Wealthy in Britain since the Industrial Revolution (1981), 103/4; F. M. L. Thompson, 'Business and Landed Elites in the Nineteenth Century' in F. M. L. Thompson (ed.), Landowners, Capitalists and Entrepreneurs (Oxford, 1994) 139-141.
69. W. M. J. Williams, 'London's Share of the King's Taxes' Economic Journal XIV (1904), 232, J. Langton & R. J. Morris (eds), Atlas of Industrializing Britain, 1780-1914 (1986), 158; W. D. Rubinstein, Men of Property: The Very Wealthy in Britain since the Industrial Revolution (1981), 103/4; F. M. L. Thompson, 'Business and Landed Elites in the Nineteenth Century' in F. M. L. Thompson (ed.), Landowners, Capitalists and Entrepreneurs (Oxford, 1994) 139-141.
70. W. M. J. Williams, 'London's Share of the King's Taxes' Economic Journal XIV (1904), 232, J. Langton & R. J. Morris (eds), Atlas of Industrializing Britain, 1780-1914 (1986), 158; W. D. Rubinstein, Men of Property: The Very Wealthy in Britain since the Industrial Revolution (1981), 103/4; F. M. L. Thompson, 'Business and Landed Elites in the Nineteenth Century' in F. M. L. Thompson (ed.), Landowners, Capitalists and Entrepreneurs (Oxford, 1994) 139-141.
71. Enquiry by the Board of Trade into Working Class Rents, Housing and Retail Prices: London and Certain Outer districts (1908), 21 cf. General Report p xxxviii.
72. C. H. Lee, 'Regional Growth and Structural Change in Victorian Britain, Economic History' Review 34 (1981), 450-1; C. H. Lee, 'The Service Sector, Regional Specialisation and Economic Growth in the Victorian Economy' Journal of Historical Geography vol. 10 (1984) p.153
73. C. H. Lee, 'Regional Growth and Structural Change in Victorian Britain, Economic History' Review 34 (1981), 450-1; C. H. Lee, 'The Service Sector, Regional Specialisation and Economic Growth in the Victorian Economy' Journal of Historical Geography vol. 10 (1984) p.153
74. For a statistical view of the traditional structure see J. Alexander, 'The Economic Structure of the City of London at the end of the Seventeenth Century' Urban History Yearbook, 1989
75. P. J. Atkins, 'The Growth of London's Railway Milk Trade, c. 1845-1914' Journal of Transport History, 4 (1977/8), 208-11; Mitchell, Historical Statistics p. 245
76. P. J. Atkins, 'The Growth of London's Railway Milk Trade, c. 1845-1914' Journal of Transport History, 4 (1977/8), 208-11; Mitchell, Historical Statistics p. 245
77. LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II p. 82
78. C. Booth and G. E. Aves, Life and Labour of the People of London (1903) Vol. 5, 62-3, 86, 91, 93; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 53, 122, 127, 129, 153, 193, 215, 357; II, 3, 294; III, 160; P. G. Hall, 'Industrial London', J. T. Coppock and H. C. Prince, Greater London (1964), 22, 236; P. G. Hall, The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 22, 103, 108, 115, 117; W. A. Ashworth, 'Types of Social and Economic Development in Suburban Essex' in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change (1964), 64; J. E. Martin, Greater London: An Industrial Geography (1966), 2, 8, 11, 17, 85, 258; F. Sheppard, London 1808-1870: The Infernal Wen (1971), 179; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World I: Industrialisation, 1840-1910', The London Journal 13 (1987/8), 121, 124, 127-130, 133, 135, 140; A. Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs and the Emergence of London's East End as an Industrial District', The London Journal 21 (1996), 38-40, 42, T. Putnam and D. Weinbren, 'The Royal Small Arms Factory and Industrial Enfield, 1855-1914', The London Journal 21 (1996), 47, 49, 53-4; C. D. Lewis, 'Scenes from Factory London' in G. R. Sims (ed.), Living London (1902), vol III, 162.
79. C. Booth and G. E. Aves, Life and Labour of the People of London (1903) Vol. 5, 62-3, 86, 91, 93; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 53, 122, 127, 129, 153, 193, 215, 357; II, 3, 294; III, 160; P. G. Hall, 'Industrial London', J. T. Coppock and H. C. Prince, Greater London (1964), 22, 236; P. G. Hall, The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 22, 103, 108, 115, 117; W. A. Ashworth, 'Types of Social and Economic Development in Suburban Essex' in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change (1964), 64; J. E. Martin, Greater London: An Industrial Geography (1966), 2, 8, 11, 17, 85, 258; F. Sheppard, London 1808-1870: The Infernal Wen (1971), 179; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World I: Industrialisation, 1840-1910', The London Journal 13 (1987/8), 121, 124, 127-130, 133, 135, 140; A. Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs and the Emergence of London's East End as an Industrial District', The London Journal 21 (1996), 38-40, 42, T. Putnam and D. Weinbren, 'The Royal Small Arms Factory and Industrial Enfield, 1855-1914', The London Journal 21 (1996), 47, 49, 53-4; C. D. Lewis, 'Scenes from Factory London' in G. R. Sims (ed.), Living London (1902), vol III, 162.
80. C. Booth and G. E. Aves, Life and Labour of the People of London (1903) Vol. 5, 62-3, 86, 91, 93; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 53, 122, 127, 129, 153, 193, 215, 357; II, 3, 294; III, 160; P. G. Hall, 'Industrial London', J. T. Coppock and H. C. Prince, Greater London (1964), 22, 236; P. G. Hall, The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 22, 103, 108, 115, 117; W. A. Ashworth, 'Types of Social and Economic Development in Suburban Essex' in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change (1964), 64; J. E. Martin, Greater London: An Industrial Geography (1966), 2, 8, 11, 17, 85, 258; F. Sheppard, London 1808-1870: The Infernal Wen (1971), 179; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World I: Industrialisation, 1840-1910', The London Journal 13 (1987/8), 121, 124, 127-130, 133, 135, 140; A. Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs and the Emergence of London's East End as an Industrial District', The London Journal 21 (1996), 38-40, 42, T. Putnam and D. Weinbren, 'The Royal Small Arms Factory and Industrial Enfield, 1855-1914', The London Journal 21 (1996), 47, 49, 53-4; C. D. Lewis, 'Scenes from Factory London' in G. R. Sims (ed.), Living London (1902), vol III, 162.
81. C. Booth and G. E. Aves, Life and Labour of the People of London (1903) Vol. 5, 62-3, 86, 91, 93; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 53, 122, 127, 129, 153, 193, 215, 357; II, 3, 294; III, 160; P. G. Hall, 'Industrial London', J. T. Coppock and H. C. Prince, Greater London (1964), 22, 236; P. G. Hall, The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 22, 103, 108, 115, 117; W. A. Ashworth, 'Types of Social and Economic Development in Suburban Essex' in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change (1964), 64; J. E. Martin, Greater London: An Industrial Geography (1966), 2, 8, 11, 17, 85, 258; F. Sheppard, London 1808-1870: The Infernal Wen (1971), 179; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World I: Industrialisation, 1840-1910', The London Journal 13 (1987/8), 121, 124, 127-130, 133, 135, 140; A. Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs and the Emergence of London's East End as an Industrial District', The London Journal 21 (1996), 38-40, 42, T. Putnam and D. Weinbren, 'The Royal Small Arms Factory and Industrial Enfield, 1855-1914', The London Journal 21 (1996), 47, 49, 53-4; C. D. Lewis, 'Scenes from Factory London' in G. R. Sims (ed.), Living London (1902), vol III, 162.
82. C. Booth and G. E. Aves, Life and Labour of the People of London (1903) Vol. 5, 62-3, 86, 91, 93; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 53, 122, 127, 129, 153, 193, 215, 357; II, 3, 294; III, 160; P. G. Hall, 'Industrial London', J. T. Coppock and H. C. Prince, Greater London (1964), 22, 236; P. G. Hall, The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 22, 103, 108, 115, 117; W. A. Ashworth, 'Types of Social and Economic Development in Suburban Essex' in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change (1964), 64; J. E. Martin, Greater London: An Industrial Geography (1966), 2, 8, 11, 17, 85, 258; F. Sheppard, London 1808-1870: The Infernal Wen (1971), 179; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World I: Industrialisation, 1840-1910', The London Journal 13 (1987/8), 121, 124, 127-130, 133, 135, 140; A. Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs and the Emergence of London's East End as an Industrial District', The London Journal 21 (1996), 38-40, 42, T. Putnam and D. Weinbren, 'The Royal Small Arms Factory and Industrial Enfield, 1855-1914', The London Journal 21 (1996), 47, 49, 53-4; C. D. Lewis, 'Scenes from Factory London' in G. R. Sims (ed.), Living London (1902), vol III, 162.
83. C. Booth and G. E. Aves, Life and Labour of the People of London (1903) Vol. 5, 62-3, 86, 91, 93; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 53, 122, 127, 129, 153, 193, 215, 357; II, 3, 294; III, 160; P. G. Hall, 'Industrial London', J. T. Coppock and H. C. Prince, Greater London (1964), 22, 236; P. G. Hall, The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 22, 103, 108, 115, 117; W. A. Ashworth, 'Types of Social and Economic Development in Suburban Essex' in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change (1964), 64; J. E. Martin, Greater London: An Industrial Geography (1966), 2, 8, 11, 17, 85, 258; F. Sheppard, London 1808-1870: The Infernal Wen (1971), 179; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World I: Industrialisation, 1840-1910', The London Journal 13 (1987/8), 121, 124, 127-130, 133, 135, 140; A. Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs and the Emergence of London's East End as an Industrial District', The London Journal 21 (1996), 38-40, 42, T. Putnam and D. Weinbren, 'The Royal Small Arms Factory and Industrial Enfield, 1855-1914', The London Journal 21 (1996), 47, 49, 53-4; C. D. Lewis, 'Scenes from Factory London' in G. R. Sims (ed.), Living London (1902), vol III, 162.
84. C. Booth and G. E. Aves, Life and Labour of the People of London (1903) Vol. 5, 62-3, 86, 91, 93; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 53, 122, 127, 129, 153, 193, 215, 357; II, 3, 294; III, 160; P. G. Hall, 'Industrial London', J. T. Coppock and H. C. Prince, Greater London (1964), 22, 236; P. G. Hall, The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 22, 103, 108, 115, 117; W. A. Ashworth, 'Types of Social and Economic Development in Suburban Essex' in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change (1964), 64; J. E. Martin, Greater London: An Industrial Geography (1966), 2, 8, 11, 17, 85, 258; F. Sheppard, London 1808-1870: The Infernal Wen (1971), 179; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World I: Industrialisation, 1840-1910', The London Journal 13 (1987/8), 121, 124, 127-130, 133, 135, 140; A. Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs and the Emergence of London's East End as an Industrial District', The London Journal 21 (1996), 38-40, 42, T. Putnam and D. Weinbren, 'The Royal Small Arms Factory and Industrial Enfield, 1855-1914', The London Journal 21 (1996), 47, 49, 53-4; C. D. Lewis, 'Scenes from Factory London' in G. R. Sims (ed.), Living London (1902), vol III, 162.
85. C. Booth and G. E. Aves, Life and Labour of the People of London (1903) Vol. 5, 62-3, 86, 91, 93; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 53, 122, 127, 129, 153, 193, 215, 357; II, 3, 294; III, 160; P. G. Hall, 'Industrial London', J. T. Coppock and H. C. Prince, Greater London (1964), 22, 236; P. G. Hall, The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 22, 103, 108, 115, 117; W. A. Ashworth, 'Types of Social and Economic Development in Suburban Essex' in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change (1964), 64; J. E. Martin, Greater London: An Industrial Geography (1966), 2, 8, 11, 17, 85, 258; F. Sheppard, London 1808-1870: The Infernal Wen (1971), 179; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World I: Industrialisation, 1840-1910', The London Journal 13 (1987/8), 121, 124, 127-130, 133, 135, 140; A. Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs and the Emergence of London's East End as an Industrial District', The London Journal 21 (1996), 38-40, 42, T. Putnam and D. Weinbren, 'The Royal Small Arms Factory and Industrial Enfield, 1855-1914', The London Journal 21 (1996), 47, 49, 53-4; C. D. Lewis, 'Scenes from Factory London' in G. R. Sims (ed.), Living London (1902), vol III, 162.
86. C. Booth and G. E. Aves, Life and Labour of the People of London (1903) Vol. 5, 62-3, 86, 91, 93; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 53, 122, 127, 129, 153, 193, 215, 357; II, 3, 294; III, 160; P. G. Hall, 'Industrial London', J. T. Coppock and H. C. Prince, Greater London (1964), 22, 236; P. G. Hall, The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 22, 103, 108, 115, 117; W. A. Ashworth, 'Types of Social and Economic Development in Suburban Essex' in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change (1964), 64; J. E. Martin, Greater London: An Industrial Geography (1966), 2, 8, 11, 17, 85, 258; F. Sheppard, London 1808-1870: The Infernal Wen (1971), 179; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World I: Industrialisation, 1840-1910', The London Journal 13 (1987/8), 121, 124, 127-130, 133, 135, 140; A. Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs and the Emergence of London's East End as an Industrial District', The London Journal 21 (1996), 38-40, 42, T. Putnam and D. Weinbren, 'The Royal Small Arms Factory and Industrial Enfield, 1855-1914', The London Journal 21 (1996), 47, 49, 53-4; C. D. Lewis, 'Scenes from Factory London' in G. R. Sims (ed.), Living London (1902), vol III, 162.
87. C. Booth and G. E. Aves, Life and Labour of the People of London (1903) Vol. 5, 62-3, 86, 91, 93; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 53, 122, 127, 129, 153, 193, 215, 357; II, 3, 294; III, 160; P. G. Hall, 'Industrial London', J. T. Coppock and H. C. Prince, Greater London (1964), 22, 236; P. G. Hall, The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 22, 103, 108, 115, 117; W. A. Ashworth, 'Types of Social and Economic Development in Suburban Essex' in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change (1964), 64; J. E. Martin, Greater London: An Industrial Geography (1966), 2, 8, 11, 17, 85, 258; F. Sheppard, London 1808-1870: The Infernal Wen (1971), 179; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World I: Industrialisation, 1840-1910', The London Journal 13 (1987/8), 121, 124, 127-130, 133, 135, 140; A. Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs and the Emergence of London's East End as an Industrial District', The London Journal 21 (1996), 38-40, 42, T. Putnam and D. Weinbren, 'The Royal Small Arms Factory and Industrial Enfield, 1855-1914', The London Journal 21 (1996), 47, 49, 53-4; C. D. Lewis, 'Scenes from Factory London' in G. R. Sims (ed.), Living London (1902), vol III, 162.
88. C. Booth and G. E. Aves, Life and Labour of the People of London (1903)
89. C. Booth and G. E. Aves, Life and Labour of the People of London (1903) Vol. 5, 62-3, 86, 91, 93; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 53, 122, 127, 129, 153, 193, 215, 357; II, 3, 294; III, 160; P. G. Hall, 'Industrial London', J. T. Coppock and H. C. Prince, Greater London (1964), 22, 236; P. G. Hall, The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 22, 103, 108, 115, 117; W. A. Ashworth, 'Types of Social and Economic Development in Suburban Essex' in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change (1964), 64; J. E. Martin, Greater London: An Industrial Geography (1966), 2, 8, 11, 17, 85, 258; F. Sheppard, London 1808-1870: The Infernal Wen (1971), 179; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World I: Industrialisation, 1840-1910', The London Journal 13 (1987/8), 121, 124, 127-130, 133, 135, 140; A. Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs and the Emergence of London's East End as an Industrial District', The London Journal 21 (1996), 38-40, 42, T. Putnam and D. Weinbren, 'The Royal Small Arms Factory and Industrial Enfield, 1855-1914', The London Journal 21 (1996), 47, 49, 53-4; C. D. Lewis, 'Scenes from Factory London' in G. R. Sims (ed.), Living London (1902), vol III, 162.
90. C. Booth and G. E. Aves, Life and Labour of the People of London (1903) Vol. 5, 62-3, 86, 91, 93; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 53, 122, 127, 129, 153, 193, 215, 357; II, 3, 294; III, 160; P. G. Hall, 'Industrial London', J. T. Coppock and H. C. Prince, Greater London (1964), 22, 236; P. G. Hall, The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 22, 103, 108, 115, 117; W. A. Ashworth, 'Types of Social and Economic Development in Suburban Essex' in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change (1964), 64; J. E. Martin, Greater London: An Industrial Geography (1966), 2, 8, 11, 17, 85, 258; F. Sheppard, London 1808-1870: The Infernal Wen (1971), 179; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World I: Industrialisation, 1840-1910', The London Journal 13 (1987/8), 121, 124, 127-130, 133, 135, 140; A. Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs and the Emergence of London's East End as an Industrial District', The London Journal 21 (1996), 38-40, 42, T. Putnam and D. Weinbren, 'The Royal Small Arms Factory and Industrial Enfield, 1855-1914', The London Journal 21 (1996), 47, 49, 53-4; C. D. Lewis, 'Scenes from Factory London' in G. R. Sims (ed.), Living London (1902), vol III, 162.
91. Booth & Aves, Life and Labour, Vol. 5, 61, 63, 97; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 166, 188; II, 168; Hall, Industries of London, 151-2; Martin, Greater London, 39-43, 53, 85, 259, 261; E. H. Hunt, 'Industrialisation and Regional Inequality; Wages in Britain 1760-1914' Journal of Economic History, XLVI (1986), 959; G. Tweedale, At the Sign of the Plough: Allen and Hanbury and the British Pharmaceutical Industry, 1715-1990 (1990), 14-16, 72; T. P. Hughes, Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930 (Baltimore, 1983), 232-3; Porter, London, 186-8, 194-9.
92. Booth & Aves, Life and Labour, Vol. 5, 61, 63, 97; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 166, 188; II, 168; Hall, Industries of London, 151-2; Martin, Greater London, 39-43, 53, 85, 259, 261; E. H. Hunt, 'Industrialisation and Regional Inequality; Wages in Britain 1760-1914' Journal of Economic History, XLVI (1986), 959; G. Tweedale, At the Sign of the Plough: Allen and Hanbury and the British Pharmaceutical Industry, 1715-1990 (1990), 14-16, 72; T. P. Hughes, Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930 (Baltimore, 1983), 232-3; Porter, London, 186-8, 194-9.
93. Booth & Aves, Life and Labour, Vol. 5, 61, 63, 97; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 166, 188; II, 168; Hall, Industries of London, 151-2; Martin, Greater London, 39-43, 53, 85, 259, 261; E. H. Hunt, 'Industrialisation and Regional Inequality; Wages in Britain 1760-1914' Journal of Economic History, XLVI (1986), 959; G. Tweedale, At the Sign of the Plough: Allen and Hanbury and the British Pharmaceutical Industry, 1715-1990 (1990), 14-16, 72; T. P. Hughes, Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930 (Baltimore, 1983), 232-3; Porter, London, 186-8, 194-9.
94. Booth & Aves, Life and Labour, Vol. 5, 61, 63, 97; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 166, 188; II, 168; Hall, Industries of London, 151-2; Martin, Greater London, 39-43, 53, 85, 259, 261; E. H. Hunt, 'Industrialisation and Regional Inequality; Wages in Britain 1760-1914' Journal of Economic History, XLVI (1986), 959; G. Tweedale, At the Sign of the Plough: Allen and Hanbury and the British Pharmaceutical Industry, 1715-1990 (1990), 14-16, 72; T. P. Hughes, Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930 (Baltimore, 1983), 232-3; Porter, London, 186-8, 194-9.
95. Booth & Aves, Life and Labour, Vol. 5, 61, 63, 97; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 166, 188; II, 168; Hall, Industries of London, 151-2; Martin, Greater London, 39-43, 53, 85, 259, 261; E. H. Hunt, 'Industrialisation and Regional Inequality; Wages in Britain 1760-1914' Journal of Economic History, XLVI (1986), 959; G. Tweedale, At the Sign of the Plough: Allen and Hanbury and the British Pharmaceutical Industry, 1715-1990 (1990), 14-16, 72; T. P. Hughes, Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930 (Baltimore, 1983), 232-3; Porter, London, 186-8, 194-9.
96. Booth & Aves, Life and Labour, Vol. 5, 61, 63, 97; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 166, 188; II, 168; Hall, Industries of London, 151-2; Martin, Greater London, 39-43, 53, 85, 259, 261; E. H. Hunt, 'Industrialisation and Regional Inequality; Wages in Britain 1760-1914' Journal of Economic History, XLVI (1986), 959; G. Tweedale, At the Sign of the Plough: Allen and Hanbury and the British Pharmaceutical Industry, 1715-1990 (1990), 14-16, 72; T. P. Hughes, Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930 (Baltimore, 1983), 232-3; Porter, London, 186-8, 194-9.
97. Booth & Aves, Life and Labour, Vol. 5, 61, 63, 97; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 166, 188; II, 168; Hall, Industries of London, 151-2; Martin, Greater London, 39-43, 53, 85, 259, 261; E. H. Hunt, 'Industrialisation and Regional Inequality; Wages in Britain 1760-1914' Journal of Economic History, XLVI (1986), 959; G. Tweedale, At the Sign of the Plough: Allen and Hanbury and the British Pharmaceutical Industry, 1715-1990 (1990), 14-16, 72; T. P. Hughes, Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930 (Baltimore, 1983), 232-3; Porter, London, 186-8, 194-9.
98. Booth & Aves, Life and Labour, Vol. 5, 61, 63, 97; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 166, 188; II, 168; Hall, Industries of London, 151-2; Martin, Greater London, 39-43, 53, 85, 259, 261; E. H. Hunt, 'Industrialisation and Regional Inequality; Wages in Britain 1760-1914' Journal of Economic History, XLVI (1986), 959; G. Tweedale, At the Sign of the Plough: Allen and Hanbury and the British Pharmaceutical Industry, 1715-1990 (1990), 14-16, 72; T. P. Hughes, Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930 (Baltimore, 1983), 232-3; Porter, London, 186-8, 194-9.
99. Booth & Aves, Life and Labour, Vol. 5, 61, 63, 97; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 166, 188; II, 168; Hall, Industries of London, 151-2; Martin, Greater London, 39-43, 53, 85, 259, 261; E. H. Hunt, 'Industrialisation and Regional Inequality; Wages in Britain 1760-1914' Journal of Economic History, XLVI (1986), 959; G. Tweedale, At the Sign of the Plough: Allen and Hanbury and the British Pharmaceutical Industry, 1715-1990 (1990), 14-16, 72; T. P. Hughes, Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930 (Baltimore, 1983), 232-3; Porter, London, 186-8, 194-9.
100. Booth & Aves, Life and Labour, Vol. 5, 84.
101. J. H. Westergaard, 'The Structure of Greater London', 109 and W. Holford, 'The Changing Face of London', 152 in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 132, LSE, New Survey of London: Forty Years of Change, 94 and London Industries I, 430, 460.
102. J. H. Westergaard, 'The Structure of Greater London', 109 and W. Holford, 'The Changing Face of London', 152 in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 132, LSE, New Survey of London: Forty Years of Change, 94 and London Industries I, 430, 460.
103. J. H. Westergaard, 'The Structure of Greater London', 109 and W. Holford, 'The Changing Face of London', 152 in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 132, LSE, New Survey of London: Forty Years of Change, 94 and London Industries I, 430, 460.
104. J. H. Westergaard, 'The Structure of Greater London', 109 and W. Holford, 'The Changing Face of London', 152 in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 132, LSE, New Survey of London: Forty Years of Change, 94 and London Industries I, 430, 460.
105. J. H. Westergaard, 'The Structure of Greater London', 109 and W. Holford, 'The Changing Face of London', 152 in R. Glass et al (eds), London: Aspects of Change; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 132, LSE, New Survey of London: Forty Years of Change, 94 and London Industries I, 430, 460.
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107. Statistical Abstract of the United Kingdom vol 61 (1913); C. Maughan, Markets of London, (1931), 119, 166, 176-8; S. Passingham, London's Markets: Their Origin and History (1934), 47, 71, 118, 140, 171; W. L. Rees, Britain's Commodity Markets (1972), 351; R. D. Brown, The Port of London (Lavenham, 1978), 85, 94; G. E. Allingham, A Romance of the Rostrum (1924), 9, 52, 78-9, 82-3, 90, 224, 256, 275, 279; H. Jones and H. J. Sayers, The Story of Czarnikow (1963), 9-24; D. J. Olsen, The Growth of Victorian London (1976), 123, 310-11, 318, 329; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 152; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 134; Sir Joseph Broodbank, History of the Port of London (1921), vol II, 513; see R. C. Michie, 'The City of London and International Trade, 1850-1914' in D. C. M. Platt (ed.), Decline and Recovery in British Trade.
108. Statistical Abstract of the United Kingdom vol 61 (1913); C. Maughan, Markets of London, (1931), 119, 166, 176-8; S. Passingham, London's Markets: Their Origin and History (1934), 47, 71, 118, 140, 171; W. L. Rees, Britain's Commodity Markets (1972), 351; R. D. Brown, The Port of London (Lavenham, 1978), 85, 94; G. E. Allingham, A Romance of the Rostrum (1924), 9, 52, 78-9, 82-3, 90, 224, 256, 275, 279; H. Jones and H. J. Sayers, The Story of Czarnikow (1963), 9-24; D. J. Olsen, The Growth of Victorian London (1976), 123, 310-11, 318, 329; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 152; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 134; Sir Joseph Broodbank, History of the Port of London (1921), vol II, 513; see R. C. Michie, 'The City of London and International Trade, 1850-1914' in D. C. M. Platt (ed.), Decline and Recovery in British Trade.
109. Statistical Abstract of the United Kingdom vol 61 (1913); C. Maughan, Markets of London, (1931), 119, 166, 176-8; S. Passingham, London's Markets: Their Origin and History (1934), 47, 71, 118, 140, 171; W. L. Rees, Britain's Commodity Markets (1972), 351; R. D. Brown, The Port of London (Lavenham, 1978), 85, 94; G. E. Allingham, A Romance of the Rostrum (1924), 9, 52, 78-9, 82-3, 90, 224, 256, 275, 279; H. Jones and H. J. Sayers, The Story of Czarnikow (1963), 9-24; D. J. Olsen, The Growth of Victorian London (1976), 123, 310-11, 318, 329; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 152; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 134; Sir Joseph Broodbank, History of the Port of London (1921), vol II, 513; see R. C. Michie, 'The City of London and International Trade, 1850-1914' in D. C. M. Platt (ed.), Decline and Recovery in British Trade.
110. Statistical Abstract of the United Kingdom vol 61 (1913); C. Maughan, Markets of London, (1931), 119, 166, 176-8; S. Passingham, London's Markets: Their Origin and History (1934), 47, 71, 118, 140, 171; W. L. Rees, Britain's Commodity Markets (1972), 351; R. D. Brown, The Port of London (Lavenham, 1978), 85, 94; G. E. Allingham, A Romance of the Rostrum (1924), 9, 52, 78-9, 82-3, 90, 224, 256, 275, 279; H. Jones and H. J. Sayers, The Story of Czarnikow (1963), 9-24; D. J. Olsen, The Growth of Victorian London (1976), 123, 310-11, 318, 329; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 152; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 134; Sir Joseph Broodbank, History of the Port of London (1921), vol II, 513; see R. C. Michie, 'The City of London and International Trade, 1850-1914' in D. C. M. Platt (ed.), Decline and Recovery in British Trade.
111. Statistical Abstract of the United Kingdom vol 61 (1913); C. Maughan, Markets of London, (1931), 119, 166, 176-8; S. Passingham, London's Markets: Their Origin and History (1934), 47, 71, 118, 140, 171; W. L. Rees, Britain's Commodity Markets (1972), 351; R. D. Brown, The Port of London (Lavenham, 1978), 85, 94; G. E. Allingham, A Romance of the Rostrum (1924), 9, 52, 78-9, 82-3, 90, 224, 256, 275, 279; H. Jones and H. J. Sayers, The Story of Czarnikow (1963), 9-24; D. J. Olsen, The Growth of Victorian London (1976), 123, 310-11, 318, 329; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 152; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 134; Sir Joseph Broodbank, History of the Port of London (1921), vol II, 513; see R. C. Michie, 'The City of London and International Trade, 1850-1914' in D. C. M. Platt (ed.), Decline and Recovery in British Trade.
112. Statistical Abstract of the United Kingdom vol 61 (1913); C. Maughan, Markets of London, (1931), 119, 166, 176-8; S. Passingham, London's Markets: Their Origin and History (1934), 47, 71, 118, 140, 171; W. L. Rees, Britain's Commodity Markets (1972), 351; R. D. Brown, The Port of London (Lavenham, 1978), 85, 94; G. E. Allingham, A Romance of the Rostrum (1924), 9, 52, 78-9, 82-3, 90, 224, 256, 275, 279; H. Jones and H. J. Sayers, The Story of Czarnikow (1963), 9-24; D. J. Olsen, The Growth of Victorian London (1976), 123, 310-11, 318, 329; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 152; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 134; Sir Joseph Broodbank, History of the Port of London (1921), vol II, 513; see R. C. Michie, 'The City of London and International Trade, 1850-1914' in D. C. M. Platt (ed.), Decline and Recovery in British Trade.
113. Statistical Abstract of the United Kingdom vol 61 (1913); C. Maughan, Markets of London, (1931), 119, 166, 176-8; S. Passingham, London's Markets: Their Origin and History (1934), 47, 71, 118, 140, 171; W. L. Rees, Britain's Commodity Markets (1972), 351; R. D. Brown, The Port of London (Lavenham, 1978), 85, 94; G. E. Allingham, A Romance of the Rostrum (1924), 9, 52, 78-9, 82-3, 90, 224, 256, 275, 279; H. Jones and H. J. Sayers, The Story of Czarnikow (1963), 9-24; D. J. Olsen, The Growth of Victorian London (1976), 123, 310-11, 318, 329; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 152; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 134; Sir Joseph Broodbank, History of the Port of London (1921), vol II, 513; see R. C. Michie, 'The City of London and International Trade, 1850-1914' in D. C. M. Platt (ed.), Decline and Recovery in British Trade.
114. Statistical Abstract of the United Kingdom vol 61 (1913); C. Maughan, Markets of London, (1931), 119, 166, 176-8; S. Passingham, London's Markets: Their Origin and History (1934), 47, 71, 118, 140, 171; W. L. Rees, Britain's Commodity Markets (1972), 351; R. D. Brown, The Port of London (Lavenham, 1978), 85, 94; G. E. Allingham, A Romance of the Rostrum (1924), 9, 52, 78-9, 82-3, 90, 224, 256, 275, 279; H. Jones and H. J. Sayers, The Story of Czarnikow (1963), 9-24; D. J. Olsen, The Growth of Victorian London (1976), 123, 310-11, 318, 329; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 152; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 134; Sir Joseph Broodbank, History of the Port of London (1921), vol II, 513; see R. C. Michie, 'The City of London and International Trade, 1850-1914' in D. C. M. Platt (ed.), Decline and Recovery in British Trade.
115. Statistical Abstract of the United Kingdom vol 61 (1913); C. Maughan, Markets of London, (1931), 119, 166, 176-8; S. Passingham, London's Markets: Their Origin and History (1934), 47, 71, 118, 140, 171; W. L. Rees, Britain's Commodity Markets (1972), 351; R. D. Brown, The Port of London (Lavenham, 1978), 85, 94; G. E. Allingham, A Romance of the Rostrum (1924), 9, 52, 78-9, 82-3, 90, 224, 256, 275, 279; H. Jones and H. J. Sayers, The Story of Czarnikow (1963), 9-24; D. J. Olsen, The Growth of Victorian London (1976), 123, 310-11, 318, 329; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 152; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 134; Sir Joseph Broodbank, History of the Port of London (1921), vol II, 513; see R. C. Michie, 'The City of London and International Trade, 1850-1914' in D. C. M. Platt (ed.), Decline and Recovery in British Trade.
116. Statistical Abstract of the United Kingdom vol 61 (1913); C. Maughan, Markets of London, (1931), 119, 166, 176-8; S. Passingham, London's Markets: Their Origin and History (1934), 47, 71, 118, 140, 171; W. L. Rees, Britain's Commodity Markets (1972), 351; R. D. Brown, The Port of London (Lavenham, 1978), 85, 94; G. E. Allingham, A Romance of the Rostrum (1924), 9, 52, 78-9, 82-3, 90, 224, 256, 275, 279; H. Jones and H. J. Sayers, The Story of Czarnikow (1963), 9-24; D. J. Olsen, The Growth of Victorian London (1976), 123, 310-11, 318, 329; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 152; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 134; Sir Joseph Broodbank, History of the Port of London (1921), vol II, 513; see R. C. Michie, 'The City of London and International Trade, 1850-1914' in D. C. M. Platt (ed.), Decline and Recovery in British Trade.
117. Statistical Abstract of the United Kingdom vol 61 (1913); C. Maughan, Markets of London, (1931), 119, 166, 176-8; S. Passingham, London's Markets: Their Origin and History (1934), 47, 71, 118, 140, 171; W. L. Rees, Britain's Commodity Markets (1972), 351; R. D. Brown, The Port of London (Lavenham, 1978), 85, 94; G. E. Allingham, A Romance of the Rostrum (1924), 9, 52, 78-9, 82-3, 90, 224, 256, 275, 279; H. Jones and H. J. Sayers, The Story of Czarnikow (1963), 9-24; D. J. Olsen, The Growth of Victorian London (1976), 123, 310-11, 318, 329; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 152; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 134; Sir Joseph Broodbank, History of the Port of London (1921), vol II, 513; see R. C. Michie, 'The City of London and International Trade, 1850-1914' in D. C. M. Platt (ed.), Decline and Recovery in British Trade.
118. Statistical Abstract of the United Kingdom vol 61 (1913); C. Maughan, Markets of London, (1931), 119, 166, 176-8; S. Passingham, London's Markets: Their Origin and History (1934), 47, 71, 118, 140, 171; W. L. Rees, Britain's Commodity Markets (1972), 351; R. D. Brown, The Port of London (Lavenham, 1978), 85, 94; G. E. Allingham, A Romance of the Rostrum (1924), 9, 52, 78-9, 82-3, 90, 224, 256, 275, 279; H. Jones and H. J. Sayers, The Story of Czarnikow (1963), 9-24; D. J. Olsen, The Growth of Victorian London (1976), 123, 310-11, 318, 329; Sheppard, London 1808-1870, 152; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 134; Sir Joseph Broodbank, History of the Port of London (1921), vol II, 513; see R. C. Michie, 'The City of London and International Trade, 1850-1914' in D. C. M. Platt (ed.), Decline and Recovery in British Trade.
119. Booth & Aves, Life and Labour, 88-9
120. Mrs. Belloc-Lowndes, 'London's Drapers' in G. R. Sim (ed.) Living London, (1902) vol III, 40, 46. Cf Porter, London, 200-4
121. Mrs. Belloc-Lowndes, 'London's Drapers' in G. R. Sim (ed.) Living London, (1902) vol III, 40, 46. Cf Porter, London, 200-4
122. C. Sorenson, London on Film: 100 Years of Filming in London (1996), 10, 13-25, 79, 90, 97.
123. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics, 675/7; F. Capie and A. Webber, A Monetary History of the United Kingdom, 1870-1982 (1985), Vol I, 432, 576-8. 24. M. Collins, Money and Banking in the UK: A History (1988), 55, 149, 204, 232; J. Sykes, The Amalgamation Movement in English Banking, 1825-1924 (1926), 62; W. M. Scammell, The London Discount Market (1968), 164, G. A. Fletcher, The Discount Houses in London: Principles, Operations and Change (1976), 17-34; Collins, Money and Banking, 149; E. W. Nevin and E. W. Davies, The London Clearing Banks (1970), 81, 105; S. Chapman,The Rise of Merchant Banking (1984), 43-4, 55, 77, 106, 158; V. D. Carosso, The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913 (Cambridge, Mass. 1987), 11, 149, 162, Michie, City of London, 109, 109-112, 115-116.
124. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics, 675/7; F. Capie and A. Webber, A Monetary History of the United Kingdom, 1870-1982 (1985), Vol I, 432, 576-8. 24. M. Collins, Money and Banking in the UK: A History (1988), 55, 149, 204, 232; J. Sykes, The Amalgamation Movement in English Banking, 1825-1924 (1926), 62; W. M. Scammell, The London Discount Market (1968), 164, G. A. Fletcher, The Discount Houses in London: Principles, Operations and Change (1976), 17-34; Collins, Money and Banking, 149; E. W. Nevin and E. W. Davies, The London Clearing Banks (1970), 81, 105; S. Chapman,The Rise of Merchant Banking (1984), 43-4, 55, 77, 106, 158; V. D. Carosso, The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913 (Cambridge, Mass. 1987), 11, 149, 162, Michie, City of London, 109, 109-112, 115-116.
125. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics, 675/7; F. Capie and A. Webber, A Monetary History of the United Kingdom, 1870-1982 (1985), Vol I, 432, 576-8. 24. M. Collins, Money and Banking in the UK: A History (1988), 55, 149, 204, 232; J. Sykes, The Amalgamation Movement in English Banking, 1825-1924 (1926), 62; W. M. Scammell, The London Discount Market (1968), 164, G. A. Fletcher, The Discount Houses in London: Principles, Operations and Change (1976), 17-34; Collins, Money and Banking, 149; E. W. Nevin and E. W. Davies, The London Clearing Banks (1970), 81, 105; S. Chapman,The Rise of Merchant Banking (1984), 43-4, 55, 77, 106, 158; V. D. Carosso, The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913 (Cambridge, Mass. 1987), 11, 149, 162, Michie, City of London, 109, 109-112, 115-116.
126. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics, 675/7; F. Capie and A. Webber, A Monetary History of the United Kingdom, 1870-1982 (1985), Vol I, 432, 576-8. 24. M. Collins, Money and Banking in the UK: A History (1988), 55, 149, 204, 232; J. Sykes, The Amalgamation Movement in English Banking, 1825-1924 (1926), 62; W. M. Scammell, The London Discount Market (1968), 164, G. A. Fletcher, The Discount Houses in London: Principles, Operations and Change (1976), 17-34; Collins, Money and Banking, 149; E. W. Nevin and E. W. Davies, The London Clearing Banks (1970), 81, 105; S. Chapman,The Rise of Merchant Banking (1984), 43-4, 55, 77, 106, 158; V. D. Carosso, The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913 (Cambridge, Mass. 1987), 11, 149, 162, Michie, City of London, 109, 109-112, 115-116.
127. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics, 675/7; F. Capie and A. Webber, A Monetary History of the United Kingdom, 1870-1982 (1985), Vol I, 432, 576-8. 24. M. Collins, Money and Banking in the UK: A History (1988), 55, 149, 204, 232; J. Sykes, The Amalgamation Movement in English Banking, 1825-1924 (1926), 62; W. M. Scammell, The London Discount Market (1968), 164, G. A. Fletcher, The Discount Houses in London: Principles, Operations and Change (1976), 17-34; Collins, Money and Banking, 149; E. W. Nevin and E. W. Davies, The London Clearing Banks (1970), 81, 105; S. Chapman,The Rise of Merchant Banking (1984), 43-4, 55, 77, 106, 158; V. D. Carosso, The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913 (Cambridge, Mass. 1987), 11, 149, 162, Michie, City of London, 109, 109-112, 115-116.
128. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics, 675/7; F. Capie and A. Webber, A Monetary History of the United Kingdom, 1870-1982 (1985), Vol I, 432, 576-8. 24. M. Collins, Money and Banking in the UK: A History (1988), 55, 149, 204, 232; J. Sykes, The Amalgamation Movement in English Banking, 1825-1924 (1926), 62; W. M. Scammell, The London Discount Market (1968), 164, G. A. Fletcher, The Discount Houses in London: Principles, Operations and Change (1976), 17-34; Collins, Money and Banking, 149; E. W. Nevin and E. W. Davies, The London Clearing Banks (1970), 81, 105; S. Chapman,The Rise of Merchant Banking (1984), 43-4, 55, 77, 106, 158; V. D. Carosso, The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913 (Cambridge, Mass. 1987), 11, 149, 162, Michie, City of London, 109, 109-112, 115-116.
129. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics, 675/7; F. Capie and A. Webber, A Monetary History of the United Kingdom, 1870-1982 (1985), Vol I, 432, 576-8. 24. M. Collins, Money and Banking in the UK: A History (1988), 55, 149, 204, 232; J. Sykes, The Amalgamation Movement in English Banking, 1825-1924 (1926), 62; W. M. Scammell, The London Discount Market (1968), 164, G. A. Fletcher, The Discount Houses in London: Principles, Operations and Change (1976), 17-34; Collins, Money and Banking, 149; E. W. Nevin and E. W. Davies, The London Clearing Banks (1970), 81, 105; S. Chapman,The Rise of Merchant Banking (1984), 43-4, 55, 77, 106, 158; V. D. Carosso, The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913 (Cambridge, Mass. 1987), 11, 149, 162, Michie, City of London, 109, 109-112, 115-116.
130. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics, 675/7; F. Capie and A. Webber, A Monetary History of the United Kingdom, 1870-1982 (1985), Vol I, 432, 576-8. 24. M. Collins, Money and Banking in the UK: A History (1988), 55, 149, 204, 232; J. Sykes, The Amalgamation Movement in English Banking, 1825-1924 (1926), 62; W. M. Scammell, The London Discount Market (1968), 164, G. A. Fletcher, The Discount Houses in London: Principles, Operations and Change (1976), 17-34; Collins, Money and Banking, 149; E. W. Nevin and E. W. Davies, The London Clearing Banks (1970), 81, 105; S. Chapman,The Rise of Merchant Banking (1984), 43-4, 55, 77, 106, 158; V. D. Carosso, The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913 (Cambridge, Mass. 1987), 11, 149, 162, Michie, City of London, 109, 109-112, 115-116.
131. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics, 675/7; F. Capie and A. Webber, A Monetary History of the United Kingdom, 1870-1982 (1985), Vol I, 432, 576-8. 24. M. Collins, Money and Banking in the UK: A History (1988), 55, 149, 204, 232; J. Sykes, The Amalgamation Movement in English Banking, 1825-1924 (1926), 62; W. M. Scammell, The London Discount Market (1968), 164, G. A. Fletcher, The Discount Houses in London: Principles, Operations and Change (1976), 17-34; Collins, Money and Banking, 149; E. W. Nevin and E. W. Davies, The London Clearing Banks (1970), 81, 105; S. Chapman,The Rise of Merchant Banking (1984), 43-4, 55, 77, 106, 158; V. D. Carosso, The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913 (Cambridge, Mass. 1987), 11, 149, 162, Michie, City of London, 109, 109-112, 115-116.
132. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics, 675/7; F. Capie and A. Webber, A Monetary History of the United Kingdom, 1870-1982 (1985), Vol I, 432, 576-8. 24. M. Collins, Money and Banking in the UK: A History (1988), 55, 149, 204, 232; J. Sykes, The Amalgamation Movement in English Banking, 1825-1924 (1926), 62; W. M. Scammell, The London Discount Market (1968), 164, G. A. Fletcher, The Discount Houses in London: Principles, Operations and Change (1976), 17-34; Collins, Money and Banking, 149; E. W. Nevin and E. W. Davies, The London Clearing Banks (1970), 81, 105; S. Chapman,The Rise of Merchant Banking (1984), 43-4, 55, 77, 106, 158; V. D. Carosso, The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913 (Cambridge, Mass. 1987), 11, 149, 162, Michie, City of London, 109, 109-112, 115-116.
133. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics, 675/7; F. Capie and A. Webber, A Monetary History of the United Kingdom, 1870-1982 (1985), Vol I, 432, 576-8. 24. M. Collins, Money and Banking in the UK: A History (1988), 55, 149, 204, 232; J. Sykes, The Amalgamation Movement in English Banking, 1825-1924 (1926), 62; W. M. Scammell, The London Discount Market (1968), 164, G. A. Fletcher, The Discount Houses in London: Principles, Operations and Change (1976), 17-34; Collins, Money and Banking, 149; E. W. Nevin and E. W. Davies, The London Clearing Banks (1970), 81, 105; S. Chapman,The Rise of Merchant Banking (1984), 43-4, 55, 77, 106, 158; V. D. Carosso, The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913 (Cambridge, Mass. 1987), 11, 149, 162, Michie, City of London, 109, 109-112, 115-116.
134. G. Clayton, British Insurance (1971), 139; B. Supple, The Royal Exchange Assurance: A History of British Insurance 1720-1970 (1970), 107, 155, 294-8, 376, 425, 439; H. Cockerell, Lloyds' of London: A Portrait (Cambridge, 1984), 23, 78-9; H. A. L. Cockerell and E. Green, The British Insurance Business 1547-1970 (1976), 25, 29, 62; E. Jones, Accountancy and the British Economy, 1840-1980; The Evolution of Ernst & Whinney (1981), 147, 156, 163, 168, 174; E. Jones (ed.), The Memoirs of Edwin Waterhouse: A Founder of Price Waterhouse (1988), 123, 135; Michie, City of London, 176-7.
135. G. Clayton, British Insurance (1971), 139; B. Supple, The Royal Exchange Assurance: A History of British Insurance 1720-1970 (1970), 107, 155, 294-8, 376, 425, 439; H. Cockerell, Lloyds' of London: A Portrait (Cambridge, 1984), 23, 78-9; H. A. L. Cockerell and E. Green, The British Insurance Business 1547-1970 (1976), 25, 29, 62; E. Jones, Accountancy and the British Economy, 1840-1980; The Evolution of Ernst & Whinney (1981), 147, 156, 163, 168, 174; E. Jones (ed.), The Memoirs of Edwin Waterhouse: A Founder of Price Waterhouse (1988), 123, 135; Michie, City of London, 176-7.
136. G. Clayton, British Insurance (1971), 139; B. Supple, The Royal Exchange Assurance: A History of British Insurance 1720-1970 (1970), 107, 155, 294-8, 376, 425, 439; H. Cockerell, Lloyds' of London: A Portrait (Cambridge, 1984), 23, 78-9; H. A. L. Cockerell and E. Green, The British Insurance Business 1547-1970 (1976), 25, 29, 62; E. Jones, Accountancy and the British Economy, 1840-1980; The Evolution of Ernst & Whinney (1981), 147, 156, 163, 168, 174; E. Jones (ed.), The Memoirs of Edwin Waterhouse: A Founder of Price Waterhouse (1988), 123, 135; Michie, City of London, 176-7.
137. G. Clayton, British Insurance (1971), 139; B. Supple, The Royal Exchange Assurance: A History of British Insurance 1720-1970 (1970), 107, 155, 294-8, 376, 425, 439; H. Cockerell, Lloyds' of London: A Portrait (Cambridge, 1984), 23, 78-9; H. A. L. Cockerell and E. Green, The British Insurance Business 1547-1970 (1976), 25, 29, 62; E. Jones, Accountancy and the British Economy, 1840-1980; The Evolution of Ernst & Whinney (1981), 147, 156, 163, 168, 174; E. Jones (ed.), The Memoirs of Edwin Waterhouse: A Founder of Price Waterhouse (1988), 123, 135; Michie, City of London, 176-7.
138. G. Clayton, British Insurance (1971), 139; B. Supple, The Royal Exchange Assurance: A History of British Insurance 1720-1970 (1970), 107, 155, 294-8, 376, 425, 439; H. Cockerell, Lloyds' of London: A Portrait (Cambridge, 1984), 23, 78-9; H. A. L. Cockerell and E. Green, The British Insurance Business 1547-1970 (1976), 25, 29, 62; E. Jones, Accountancy and the British Economy, 1840-1980; The Evolution of Ernst & Whinney (1981), 147, 156, 163, 168, 174; E. Jones (ed.), The Memoirs of Edwin Waterhouse: A Founder of Price Waterhouse (1988), 123, 135; Michie, City of London, 176-7.
139. G. Clayton, British Insurance (1971), 139; B. Supple, The Royal Exchange Assurance: A History of British Insurance 1720-1970 (1970), 107, 155, 294-8, 376, 425, 439; H. Cockerell, Lloyds' of London: A Portrait (Cambridge, 1984), 23, 78-9; H. A. L. Cockerell and E. Green, The British Insurance Business 1547-1970 (1976), 25, 29, 62; E. Jones, Accountancy and the British Economy, 1840-1980; The Evolution of Ernst & Whinney (1981), 147, 156, 163, 168, 174; E. Jones (ed.), The Memoirs of Edwin Waterhouse: A Founder of Price Waterhouse (1988), 123, 135; Michie, City of London, 176-7.
140. G. Clayton, British Insurance (1971), 139; B. Supple, The Royal Exchange Assurance: A History of British Insurance 1720-1970 (1970), 107, 155, 294-8, 376, 425, 439; H. Cockerell, Lloyds' of London: A Portrait (Cambridge, 1984), 23, 78-9; H. A. L. Cockerell and E. Green, The British Insurance Business 1547-1970 (1976), 25, 29, 62; E. Jones, Accountancy and the British Economy, 1840-1980; The Evolution of Ernst & Whinney (1981), 147, 156, 163, 168, 174; E. Jones (ed.), The Memoirs of Edwin Waterhouse: A Founder of Price Waterhouse (1988), 123, 135; Michie, City of London, 176-7.
141. R. C. Michie, The London and New York Stock Exchanges, 1850-1914 (1987), 1-5.
142. J. H. Dunning and E. V. Morgan, An Economic Study of the City of London (1971), 34.
143. Green, 'Metropolitan Economy', 18, Michie, City of London, 11-12, 16-17.
144. Green, 'Metropolitan Economy', 18, Michie, City of London, 11-12, 16-17.
145. cf R. C. Michie, 'The Finance of Innovation in Late Victorian and Edwardian Britain: Possibilities and Constraints', Journal of European Economic History, 17 (1988).
146. Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 590, 613.
147. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
148. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
149. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
150. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
151. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
152. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
153. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
154. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
155. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
156. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
157. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
158. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
159. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
160. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
161. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
162. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
163. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and Decline, 1910-1939', The London Journal 14 (1989), 43-6, 50, 53; Godley, 'Immigrant Entrepreneurs', 41-2; J. Armstrong, 'The Development of the Park Royal Industrial Estate in the Interwar Period: A Re-examination of the Aldcroft/Richardson Thesis', The London Journal 21 (1996), 67-9, 77; Putnam and Weinbren, 'Industrial Enfield', 59, Porter, London, 320-2, 327-8, 331, Sorensen, London on Film, 83-5
164. Hall 'Industrial London' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 237-240; Martin, Greater London, 31, 53; Royal Commission on the Geographical Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes of Evidence (1938), 354, 492-5, 500; M. E. F. Jones, 'The Economic History of the Regional Problem in Britain 1920-38' J. Hist. Geog., 10 (1984), 387, 390; C. E. Heim, 'Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 274-5 and 'Industrial Organisation and Regional Development in Interwar Britain', 932, 934, 938, 940, both in J. Ec. Hist., 43 (1983); J. H. Johnson, 'The Suburban Expansion of Housing in London 1918-1939' in Coppock and Prince (eds), Greater London, 142, 150, 156; D. Friedlander, 'London's Urban Transition 1851-1951', Urban Studies, Vol II (1974), 136-7; Hall, Industries of London, 92-3, 145, 162; D. Bardens, Everything in Leather: The Story of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale Ltd (1948), 54; D. Dawe, Skilbecks: Drysallers, 1650-1950 (1950), 101; J. Marriott, 'West Ham: London's Industrial Centre and Gateway to the World H: Stabilization and
165. PEP, Location of Industry, 44, 278-9; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 36, 122; Clout, 'Prologue to the Present', Clout and P. Wood (eds), London: Problems of Change (1986), 40, Hall, Industries of London, 162, Hughes, Networks of Power, 231 ; S. V. Pearson, London's Overgrowth and the Causes of Swollen Towns (1939), 32, 35, 43; Green, 'Metropolitan Economy', 25, 29, 31.
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170. PEP, Location of Industry, 44, 278-9; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 36, 122; Clout, 'Prologue to the Present', Clout and P. Wood (eds), London: Problems of Change (1986), 40, Hall, Industries of London, 162, Hughes, Networks of Power, 231 ; S. V. Pearson, London's Overgrowth and the Causes of Swollen Towns (1939), 32, 35, 43; Green, 'Metropolitan Economy', 25, 29, 31.
171. PEP, Location of Industry, 44, 278-9; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries I, 36, 122; Clout, 'Prologue to the Present', Clout and P. Wood (eds), London: Problems of Change (1986), 40, Hall, Industries of London, 162, Hughes, Networks of Power, 231 ; S. V. Pearson, London's Overgrowth and the Causes of Swollen Towns (1939), 32, 35, 43; Green, 'Metropolitan Economy', 25, 29, 31.
172. Spate, 'Geographical Aspects', 426
173. Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes, 354, 539.
174. C. Maughan, Markets of London (1931), 145, 148, 151, 154, 166; W. J. Passingham, London's Markets: Their Origin and History (1934), 18; S. W. Dowling, The Exchanges of London (London 1929) pp. 130, 133; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II pp. 114-5, 133-4; P. G. Hall, The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 22, 115.
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181. Statistical Abstract for the United Kingdom vol 74 (1931) and 83 (1938), Distribution of Industrial Population: Minutes, 353-4, 492, 494-5.
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183. W. French, Port of London: Handbook of Rates, Charges and General Information (1937), 35-6.
184. F. Worsley and G. Griffith, The Romance of Lloyds (1932), 187, 192; Supple, Royal Exchange, 421; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 328-9; Brown, Port of London, 109. S. E. Thomas, British Banks and the Finance of Industry (1931), 258; R. J. Truptil, British Banks and the London Money Market (1936), 136, 167, 176, 187, 199, 287; A. T. K. Grant, A Study of the Capital Market in Post-War Britain (1937), 223; Collins, Money and Banking, 252, 296; Nevin and Davies, London Clearing Banks, 129, 304; J. Attali, A Man of Influence: Sir Siegmund Warburg, 1902-1982, (1986), 115-6; S. Diaper, 'Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort, Sons & Co.', Business History, 28 (1986), 56, 59-60, 64, 73-4; Michie, City of London, 432, 576-8; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 676-7.
185. F. Worsley and G. Griffith, The Romance of Lloyds (1932), 187, 192; Supple, Royal Exchange, 421; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 328-9; Brown, Port of London, 109. S. E. Thomas, British Banks and the Finance of Industry (1931), 258; R. J. Truptil, British Banks and the London Money Market (1936), 136, 167, 176, 187, 199, 287; A. T. K. Grant, A Study of the Capital Market in Post-War Britain (1937), 223; Collins, Money and Banking, 252, 296; Nevin and Davies, London Clearing Banks, 129, 304; J. Attali, A Man of Influence: Sir Siegmund Warburg, 1902-1982, (1986), 115-6; S. Diaper, 'Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort, Sons & Co.', Business History, 28 (1986), 56, 59-60, 64, 73-4; Michie, City of London, 432, 576-8; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 676-7.
186. F. Worsley and G. Griffith, The Romance of Lloyds (1932), 187, 192; Supple, Royal Exchange, 421; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 328-9; Brown, Port of London, 109. S. E. Thomas, British Banks and the Finance of Industry (1931), 258; R. J. Truptil, British Banks and the London Money Market (1936), 136, 167, 176, 187, 199, 287; A. T. K. Grant, A Study of the Capital Market in Post-War Britain (1937), 223; Collins, Money and Banking, 252, 296; Nevin and Davies, London Clearing Banks, 129, 304; J. Attali, A Man of Influence: Sir Siegmund Warburg, 1902-1982, (1986), 115-6; S. Diaper, 'Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort, Sons & Co.', Business History, 28 (1986), 56, 59-60, 64, 73-4; Michie, City of London, 432, 576-8; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 676-7.
187. F. Worsley and G. Griffith, The Romance of Lloyds (1932), 187, 192; Supple, Royal Exchange, 421; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 328-9; Brown, Port of London, 109. S. E. Thomas, British Banks and the Finance of Industry (1931), 258; R. J. Truptil, British Banks and the London Money Market (1936), 136, 167, 176, 187, 199, 287; A. T. K. Grant, A Study of the Capital Market in Post-War Britain (1937), 223; Collins, Money and Banking, 252, 296; Nevin and Davies, London Clearing Banks, 129, 304; J. Attali, A Man of Influence: Sir Siegmund Warburg, 1902-1982, (1986), 115-6; S. Diaper, 'Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort, Sons & Co.', Business History, 28 (1986), 56, 59-60, 64, 73-4; Michie, City of London, 432, 576-8; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 676-7.
188. F. Worsley and G. Griffith, The Romance of Lloyds (1932), 187, 192; Supple, Royal Exchange, 421; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 328-9; Brown, Port of London, 109. S. E. Thomas, British Banks and the Finance of Industry (1931), 258; R. J. Truptil, British Banks and the London Money Market (1936), 136, 167, 176, 187, 199, 287; A. T. K. Grant, A Study of the Capital Market in Post-War Britain (1937), 223; Collins, Money and Banking, 252, 296; Nevin and Davies, London Clearing Banks, 129, 304; J. Attali, A Man of Influence: Sir Siegmund Warburg, 1902-1982, (1986), 115-6; S. Diaper, 'Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort, Sons & Co.', Business History, 28 (1986), 56, 59-60, 64, 73-4; Michie, City of London, 432, 576-8; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 676-7.
189. F. Worsley and G. Griffith, The Romance of Lloyds (1932), 187, 192; Supple, Royal Exchange, 421; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 328-9; Brown, Port of London, 109. S. E. Thomas, British Banks and the Finance of Industry (1931), 258; R. J. Truptil, British Banks and the London Money Market (1936), 136, 167, 176, 187, 199, 287; A. T. K. Grant, A Study of the Capital Market in Post-War Britain (1937), 223; Collins, Money and Banking, 252, 296; Nevin and Davies, London Clearing Banks, 129, 304; J. Attali, A Man of Influence: Sir Siegmund Warburg, 1902-1982, (1986), 115-6; S. Diaper, 'Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort, Sons & Co.', Business History, 28 (1986), 56, 59-60, 64, 73-4; Michie, City of London, 432, 576-8; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 676-7.
190. F. Worsley and G. Griffith, The Romance of Lloyds (1932), 187, 192; Supple, Royal Exchange, 421; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 328-9; Brown, Port of London, 109. S. E. Thomas, British Banks and the Finance of Industry (1931), 258; R. J. Truptil, British Banks and the London Money Market (1936), 136, 167, 176, 187, 199, 287; A. T. K. Grant, A Study of the Capital Market in Post-War Britain (1937), 223; Collins, Money and Banking, 252, 296; Nevin and Davies, London Clearing Banks, 129, 304; J. Attali, A Man of Influence: Sir Siegmund Warburg, 1902-1982, (1986), 115-6; S. Diaper, 'Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort, Sons & Co.', Business History, 28 (1986), 56, 59-60, 64, 73-4; Michie, City of London, 432, 576-8; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 676-7.
191. F. Worsley and G. Griffith, The Romance of Lloyds (1932), 187, 192; Supple, Royal Exchange, 421; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 328-9; Brown, Port of London, 109. S. E. Thomas, British Banks and the Finance of Industry (1931), 258; R. J. Truptil, British Banks and the London Money Market (1936), 136, 167, 176, 187, 199, 287; A. T. K. Grant, A Study of the Capital Market in Post-War Britain (1937), 223; Collins, Money and Banking, 252, 296; Nevin and Davies, London Clearing Banks, 129, 304; J. Attali, A Man of Influence: Sir Siegmund Warburg, 1902-1982, (1986), 115-6; S. Diaper, 'Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort, Sons & Co.', Business History, 28 (1986), 56, 59-60, 64, 73-4; Michie, City of London, 432, 576-8; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 676-7.
192. F. Worsley and G. Griffith, The Romance of Lloyds (1932), 187, 192; Supple, Royal Exchange, 421; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 328-9; Brown, Port of London, 109. S. E. Thomas, British Banks and the Finance of Industry (1931), 258; R. J. Truptil, British Banks and the London Money Market (1936), 136, 167, 176, 187, 199, 287; A. T. K. Grant, A Study of the Capital Market in Post-War Britain (1937), 223; Collins, Money and Banking, 252, 296; Nevin and Davies, London Clearing Banks, 129, 304; J. Attali, A Man of Influence: Sir Siegmund Warburg, 1902-1982, (1986), 115-6; S. Diaper, 'Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort, Sons & Co.', Business History, 28 (1986), 56, 59-60, 64, 73-4; Michie, City of London, 432, 576-8; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 676-7.
193. F. Worsley and G. Griffith, The Romance of Lloyds (1932), 187, 192; Supple, Royal Exchange, 421; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 328-9; Brown, Port of London, 109. S. E. Thomas, British Banks and the Finance of Industry (1931), 258; R. J. Truptil, British Banks and the London Money Market (1936), 136, 167, 176, 187, 199, 287; A. T. K. Grant, A Study of the Capital Market in Post-War Britain (1937), 223; Collins, Money and Banking, 252, 296; Nevin and Davies, London Clearing Banks, 129, 304; J. Attali, A Man of Influence: Sir Siegmund Warburg, 1902-1982, (1986), 115-6; S. Diaper, 'Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort, Sons & Co.', Business History, 28 (1986), 56, 59-60, 64, 73-4; Michie, City of London, 432, 576-8; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 676-7.
194. F. Worsley and G. Griffith, The Romance of Lloyds (1932), 187, 192; Supple, Royal Exchange, 421; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 328-9; Brown, Port of London, 109. S. E. Thomas, British Banks and the Finance of Industry (1931), 258; R. J. Truptil, British Banks and the London Money Market (1936), 136, 167, 176, 187, 199, 287; A. T. K. Grant, A Study of the Capital Market in Post-War Britain (1937), 223; Collins, Money and Banking, 252, 296; Nevin and Davies, London Clearing Banks, 129, 304; J. Attali, A Man of Influence: Sir Siegmund Warburg, 1902-1982, (1986), 115-6; S. Diaper, 'Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort, Sons & Co.', Business History, 28 (1986), 56, 59-60, 64, 73-4; Michie, City of London, 432, 576-8; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 676-7.
195. F. Worsley and G. Griffith, The Romance of Lloyds (1932), 187, 192; Supple, Royal Exchange, 421; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 328-9; Brown, Port of London, 109. S. E. Thomas, British Banks and the Finance of Industry (1931), 258; R. J. Truptil, British Banks and the London Money Market (1936), 136, 167, 176, 187, 199, 287; A. T. K. Grant, A Study of the Capital Market in Post-War Britain (1937), 223; Collins, Money and Banking, 252, 296; Nevin and Davies, London Clearing Banks, 129, 304; J. Attali, A Man of Influence: Sir Siegmund Warburg, 1902-1982, (1986), 115-6; S. Diaper, 'Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort, Sons & Co.', Business History, 28 (1986), 56, 59-60, 64, 73-4; Michie, City of London, 432, 576-8; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 676-7.
196. F. Worsley and G. Griffith, The Romance of Lloyds (1932), 187, 192; Supple, Royal Exchange, 421; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries II, 328-9; Brown, Port of London, 109. S. E. Thomas, British Banks and the Finance of Industry (1931), 258; R. J. Truptil, British Banks and the London Money Market (1936), 136, 167, 176, 187, 199, 287; A. T. K. Grant, A Study of the Capital Market in Post-War Britain (1937), 223; Collins, Money and Banking, 252, 296; Nevin and Davies, London Clearing Banks, 129, 304; J. Attali, A Man of Influence: Sir Siegmund Warburg, 1902-1982, (1986), 115-6; S. Diaper, 'Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort, Sons & Co.', Business History, 28 (1986), 56, 59-60, 64, 73-4; Michie, City of London, 432, 576-8; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 676-7.
197. S. J. Prais, The Evolution of Giant Firms in Britain: A Study of the Growth of Concentration in Manufacturing Industry, 1909-1970 (Cambridge, 1976), 4, 48, 67; L. Hannah, The Rise of the Corporate Economy (1976), 23, 91, 97, 105, 118, 131, 187-190, 211-2,216; L. Hannah and J. A. Kay, Concentration in Modern Industry: Theory, Measurement and the UK Experience (1977), 40, 68, 73, 82, 86. Pearson, London's Overgrowth, 20; C. Shaw, 'The Large Manufacturing Employers of 1907' B.H. 25 (1983), 48, 60; L. Johnmann, 'The Large Manufacturing Companies of 1935' B.H. 28 (1986), 239-40; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries III, 10, 274; Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes, 500, 506. (Shaw lists the head office for companies but in two cases (Singers and Beardmores) these were only the registered offices not where control was exercised. Johnmann does not list head offices and these were obtained from the Stock Exchange Official Yearbook, 1935).
198. S. J. Prais, The Evolution of Giant Firms in Britain: A Study of the Growth of Concentration in Manufacturing Industry, 1909-1970 (Cambridge, 1976), 4, 48, 67; L. Hannah, The Rise of the Corporate Economy (1976), 23, 91, 97, 105, 118, 131, 187-190, 211-2,216; L. Hannah and J. A. Kay, Concentration in Modern Industry: Theory, Measurement and the UK Experience (1977), 40, 68, 73, 82, 86. Pearson, London's Overgrowth, 20; C. Shaw, 'The Large Manufacturing Employers of 1907' B.H. 25 (1983), 48, 60; L. Johnmann, 'The Large Manufacturing Companies of 1935' B.H. 28 (1986), 239-40; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries III, 10, 274; Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes, 500, 506. (Shaw lists the head office for companies but in two cases (Singers and Beardmores) these were only the registered offices not where control was exercised. Johnmann does not list head offices and these were obtained from the Stock Exchange Official Yearbook, 1935).
199. S. J. Prais, The Evolution of Giant Firms in Britain: A Study of the Growth of Concentration in Manufacturing Industry, 1909-1970 (Cambridge, 1976), 4, 48, 67; L. Hannah, The Rise of the Corporate Economy (1976), 23, 91, 97, 105, 118, 131, 187-190, 211-2,216; L. Hannah and J. A. Kay, Concentration in Modern Industry: Theory, Measurement and the UK Experience (1977), 40, 68, 73, 82, 86. Pearson, London's Overgrowth, 20; C. Shaw, 'The Large Manufacturing Employers of 1907' B.H. 25 (1983), 48, 60; L. Johnmann, 'The Large Manufacturing Companies of 1935' B.H. 28 (1986), 239-40; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries III, 10, 274; Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes, 500, 506. (Shaw lists the head office for companies but in two cases (Singers and Beardmores) these were only the registered offices not where control was exercised. Johnmann does not list head offices and these were obtained from the Stock Exchange Official Yearbook, 1935).
200. S. J. Prais, The Evolution of Giant Firms in Britain: A Study of the Growth of Concentration in Manufacturing Industry, 1909-1970 (Cambridge, 1976), 4, 48, 67; L. Hannah, The Rise of the Corporate Economy (1976), 23, 91, 97, 105, 118, 131, 187-190, 211-2,216; L. Hannah and J. A. Kay, Concentration in Modern Industry: Theory, Measurement and the UK Experience (1977), 40, 68, 73, 82, 86. Pearson, London's Overgrowth, 20; C. Shaw, 'The Large Manufacturing Employers of 1907' B.H. 25 (1983), 48, 60; L. Johnmann, 'The Large Manufacturing Companies of 1935' B.H. 28 (1986), 239-40; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries III, 10, 274; Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes, 500, 506. (Shaw lists the head office for companies but in two cases (Singers and Beardmores) these were only the registered offices not where control was exercised. Johnmann does not list head offices and these were obtained from the Stock Exchange Official Yearbook, 1935).
201. S. J. Prais, The Evolution of Giant Firms in Britain: A Study of the Growth of Concentration in Manufacturing Industry, 1909-1970 (Cambridge, 1976), 4, 48, 67; L. Hannah, The Rise of the Corporate Economy (1976), 23, 91, 97, 105, 118, 131, 187-190, 211-2,216; L. Hannah and J. A. Kay, Concentration in Modern Industry: Theory, Measurement and the UK Experience (1977), 40, 68, 73, 82, 86. Pearson, London's Overgrowth, 20; C. Shaw, 'The Large Manufacturing Employers of 1907' B.H. 25 (1983), 48, 60; L. Johnmann, 'The Large Manufacturing Companies of 1935' B.H. 28 (1986), 239-40; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries III, 10, 274; Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes, 500, 506. (Shaw lists the head office for companies but in two cases (Singers and Beardmores) these were only the registered offices not where control was exercised. Johnmann does not list head offices and these were obtained from the Stock Exchange Official Yearbook, 1935).
202. S. J. Prais, The Evolution of Giant Firms in Britain: A Study of the Growth of Concentration in Manufacturing Industry, 1909-1970 (Cambridge, 1976), 4, 48, 67; L. Hannah, The Rise of the Corporate Economy (1976), 23, 91, 97, 105, 118, 131, 187-190, 211-2,216; L. Hannah and J. A. Kay, Concentration in Modern Industry: Theory, Measurement and the UK Experience (1977), 40, 68, 73, 82, 86. Pearson, London's Overgrowth, 20; C. Shaw, 'The Large Manufacturing Employers of 1907' B.H. 25 (1983), 48, 60; L. Johnmann, 'The Large Manufacturing Companies of 1935' B.H. 28 (1986), 239-40; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries III, 10, 274; Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes, 500, 506. (Shaw lists the head office for companies but in two cases (Singers and Beardmores) these were only the registered offices not where control was exercised. Johnmann does not list head offices and these were obtained from the Stock Exchange Official Yearbook, 1935).
203. S. J. Prais, The Evolution of Giant Firms in Britain: A Study of the Growth of Concentration in Manufacturing Industry, 1909-1970 (Cambridge, 1976), 4, 48, 67; L. Hannah, The Rise of the Corporate Economy (1976), 23, 91, 97, 105, 118, 131, 187-190, 211-2,216; L. Hannah and J. A. Kay, Concentration in Modern Industry: Theory, Measurement and the UK Experience (1977), 40, 68, 73, 82, 86. Pearson, London's Overgrowth, 20; C. Shaw, 'The Large Manufacturing Employers of 1907' B.H. 25 (1983), 48, 60; L. Johnmann, 'The Large Manufacturing Companies of 1935' B.H. 28 (1986), 239-40; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries III, 10, 274; Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes, 500, 506. (Shaw lists the head office for companies but in two cases (Singers and Beardmores) these were only the registered offices not where control was exercised. Johnmann does not list head offices and these were obtained from the Stock Exchange Official Yearbook, 1935).
204. S. J. Prais, The Evolution of Giant Firms in Britain: A Study of the Growth of Concentration in Manufacturing Industry, 1909-1970 (Cambridge, 1976), 4, 48, 67; L. Hannah, The Rise of the Corporate Economy (1976), 23, 91, 97, 105, 118, 131, 187-190, 211-2,216; L. Hannah and J. A. Kay, Concentration in Modern Industry: Theory, Measurement and the UK Experience (1977), 40, 68, 73, 82, 86. Pearson, London's Overgrowth, 20; C. Shaw, 'The Large Manufacturing Employers of 1907' B.H. 25 (1983), 48, 60; L. Johnmann, 'The Large Manufacturing Companies of 1935' B.H. 28 (1986), 239-40; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries III, 10, 274; Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes, 500, 506. (Shaw lists the head office for companies but in two cases (Singers and Beardmores) these were only the registered offices not where control was exercised. Johnmann does not list head offices and these were obtained from the Stock Exchange Official Yearbook, 1935).
205. S. J. Prais, The Evolution of Giant Firms in Britain: A Study of the Growth of Concentration in Manufacturing Industry, 1909-1970 (Cambridge, 1976), 4, 48, 67; L. Hannah, The Rise of the Corporate Economy (1976), 23, 91, 97, 105, 118, 131, 187-190, 211-2,216; L. Hannah and J. A. Kay, Concentration in Modern Industry: Theory, Measurement and the UK Experience (1977), 40, 68, 73, 82, 86. Pearson, London's Overgrowth, 20; C. Shaw, 'The Large Manufacturing Employers of 1907' B.H. 25 (1983), 48, 60; L. Johnmann, 'The Large Manufacturing Companies of 1935' B.H. 28 (1986), 239-40; LSE, New Survey of London: London Industries III, 10, 274; Distribution of the Industrial Population: Minutes, 500, 506. (Shaw lists the head office for companies but in two cases (Singers and Beardmores) these were only the registered offices not where control was exercised. Johnmann does not list head offices and these were obtained from the Stock Exchange Official Yearbook, 1935).
206. S. V. Pearson, London's Overgrowth and the Causes of Swollen Towns (1939), cf D. L. Foley, Controlling London's Growth: Planning the Great Wen. 1940-60 (Berkeley, California, 1963), 18, 24; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 25; G. Manners, 'Decentralising London, 1945-1975' in Clout and Wood, London: Problems of Change, 44-51; Porter, London, 346-351.
207. S. V. Pearson, London's Overgrowth and the Causes of Swollen Towns (1939), cf D. L. Foley, Controlling London's Growth: Planning the Great Wen. 1940-60 (Berkeley, California, 1963), 18, 24; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 25; G. Manners, 'Decentralising London, 1945-1975' in Clout and Wood, London: Problems of Change, 44-51; Porter, London, 346-351.
208. S. V. Pearson, London's Overgrowth and the Causes of Swollen Towns (1939), cf D. L. Foley, Controlling London's Growth: Planning the Great Wen. 1940-60 (Berkeley, California, 1963), 18, 24; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 25; G. Manners, 'Decentralising London, 1945-1975' in Clout and Wood, London: Problems of Change, 44-51; Porter, London, 346-351.
209. S. V. Pearson, London's Overgrowth and the Causes of Swollen Towns (1939), cf D. L. Foley, Controlling London's Growth: Planning the Great Wen. 1940-60 (Berkeley, California, 1963), 18, 24; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 25; G. Manners, 'Decentralising London, 1945-1975' in Clout and Wood, London: Problems of Change, 44-51; Porter, London, 346-351.
210. S. V. Pearson, London's Overgrowth and the Causes of Swollen Towns (1939), cf D. L. Foley, Controlling London's Growth: Planning the Great Wen. 1940-60 (Berkeley, California, 1963), 18, 24; Mitchell, Historical Statistics, 25; G. Manners, 'Decentralising London, 1945-1975' in Clout and Wood, London: Problems of Change, 44-51; Porter, London, 346-351.
211. B. Robson, 'Coming Full Circle: London versus the Rest 1890-1980' in G. Gordon (ed.), Regional Cities in the UK, 1890-1980 (1986), 222 cf 229-230.
212. P. Wood, 'Economic Change' in Clout and Wood (ed.) London: Problems of Change, 62, 64; Manners, 'Decentralising London', 42-51; F. E. I. Hamilton, 'A New Geography of London's Manufacturing', Hoggart and Green, London, 61, 67, 69, 71; Porter, London, 346-351.
213. P. Wood, 'Economic Change' in Clout and Wood (ed.) London: Problems of Change, 62, 64; Manners, 'Decentralising London', 42-51; F. E. I. Hamilton, 'A New Geography of London's Manufacturing', Hoggart and Green, London, 61, 67, 69, 71; Porter, London, 346-351.
214. P. Wood, 'Economic Change' in Clout and Wood (ed.) London: Problems of Change, 62, 64; Manners, 'Decentralising London', 42-51; F. E. I. Hamilton, 'A New Geography of London's Manufacturing', Hoggart and Green, London, 61, 67, 69, 71; Porter, London, 346-351.
215. P. Wood, 'Economic Change' in Clout and Wood (ed.) London: Problems of Change, 62, 64; Manners, 'Decentralising London', 42-51; F. E. I. Hamilton, 'A New Geography of London's Manufacturing', Hoggart and Green, London, 61, 67, 69, 71; Porter, London, 346-351.
216. Wood, 'Economic Change', 64 cf M. E. Frost, 'Change in Economic Structure and Opportunity', Hoggart and Green, London, 67-71.
217. Wood, 'Economic Change', 64 cf M. E. Frost, 'Change in Economic Structure and Opportunity', Hoggart and Green, London, 67-71.
218. Wood, 'Economic Change', 64 cf M. E. Frost, 'Change in Economic Structure and Opportunity', Hoggart and Green, London, 67-71.
219. G. Manners, 'Central London' in Clout and Wood, London: Problems of Change, 111-114. P. Cowan, D. Fine, J. Ireland, C. Jordan, D. Merrier and A. Sears, The Office: A Facet of Urban Growth (1969), 132, 162, 166, 265; D. R. Diamond, 'The City, The "Big Bang" and Office Development' in Hoggart and Green, London, 82; Michie, City of London, 19-20.
220. G. Manners, 'Central London' in Clout and Wood, London: Problems of Change, 111-114. P. Cowan, D. Fine, J. Ireland, C. Jordan, D. Merrier and A. Sears, The Office: A Facet of Urban Growth (1969), 132, 162, 166, 265; D. R. Diamond, 'The City, The "Big Bang" and Office Development' in Hoggart and Green, London, 82; Michie, City of London, 19-20.
221. G. Manners, 'Central London' in Clout and Wood, London: Problems of Change, 111-114. P. Cowan, D. Fine, J. Ireland, C. Jordan, D. Merrier and A. Sears, The Office: A Facet of Urban Growth (1969), 132, 162, 166, 265; D. R. Diamond, 'The City, The "Big Bang" and Office Development' in Hoggart and Green, London, 82; Michie, City of London, 19-20.
222. G. Manners, 'Central London' in Clout and Wood, London: Problems of Change, 111-114. P. Cowan, D. Fine, J. Ireland, C. Jordan, D. Merrier and A. Sears, The Office: A Facet of Urban Growth (1969), 132, 162, 166, 265; D. R. Diamond, 'The City, The "Big Bang" and Office Development' in Hoggart and Green, London, 82; Michie, City of London, 19-20.
223. Cowan et al. The Office, 148-9.
224. Diamond, 'The City', 82, 89-90; Michie, City of London, 25-8; T. Pharoah, 'Transport: How Much can London Take?' in Hoggart and Green, London, 143; Jarvis, 'Port of London', 68-9.
225. Diamond, 'The City', 82, 89-90; Michie, City of London, 25-8; T. Pharoah, 'Transport: How Much can London Take?' in Hoggart and Green, London, 143; Jarvis, 'Port of London', 68-9.
226. Diamond, 'The City', 82, 89-90; Michie, City of London, 25-8; T. Pharoah, 'Transport: How Much can London Take?' in Hoggart and Green, London, 143; Jarvis, 'Port of London', 68-9.
227. Diamond, 'The City', 82, 89-90; Michie, City of London, 25-8; T. Pharoah, 'Transport: How Much can London Take?' in Hoggart and Green, London, 143; Jarvis, 'Port of London', 68-9.
228. City Research Project, London's Contribution to the UK Economy: Special Report (1993), 3, 11; London Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Annual Review of the London Economy (1995), 37; Corporation of London (Department of Planning), City Planning: Facts and Figures - Information Report (1994), 7-8; P. Bancroft, J. Doyle, S. Glaister, D. Kennedy & T. Travers, London's Size and Diversity - The Advantages in a Competitive World (1994), 24-5.
229. City Research Project, London's Contribution to the UK Economy: Special Report (1993), 3, 11; London Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Annual Review of the London Economy (1995), 37; Corporation of London (Department of Planning), City Planning: Facts and Figures - Information Report (1994), 7-8; P. Bancroft, J. Doyle, S. Glaister, D. Kennedy & T. Travers, London's Size and Diversity - The Advantages in a Competitive World (1994), 24-5.
230. City Research Project, London's Contribution to the UK Economy: Special Report (1993), 3, 11; London Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Annual Review of the London Economy (1995), 37; Corporation of London (Department of Planning), City Planning: Facts and Figures - Information Report (1994), 7-8; P. Bancroft, J. Doyle, S. Glaister, D. Kennedy & T. Travers, London's Size and Diversity - The Advantages in a Competitive World (1994), 24-5.
231. City Research Project, London's Contribution to the UK Economy: Special Report (1993), 3, 11; London Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Annual Review of the London Economy (1995), 37; Corporation of London (Department of Planning), City Planning: Facts and Figures - Information Report (1994), 7-8; P. Bancroft, J. Doyle, S. Glaister, D. Kennedy & T. Travers, London's Size and Diversity - The Advantages in a Competitive World (1994), 24-5.
232. Financial Times 19 November 1996.
233. City Research Project, London's Contribution, 27 cf 3-4, 28-32.
234. Bancroft et al, London's Size, 51 and 30. Cf 2-3, 5-7, 9-10, 29, 31-4, 49, 52-4.
235. Financial Times 16 November 1996, 28 November 1996.
236. C. G. A. Clay, 'Henry Hoare, Banker, his Family and the Stourhead Estate' in Thompson (ed.) Landowners, Capitalists, 117; B. A. Holderness, 'The English Land Market in the 18th Century: The Case of Lincolnshire', Economic History Review, 27 (1974), 559, 563; Thompson, 'Business and Landed elites', 139-141.
237. C. G. A. Clay, 'Henry Hoare, Banker, his Family and the Stourhead Estate' in Thompson (ed.) Landowners, Capitalists, 117; B. A. Holderness, 'The English Land Market in the 18th Century: The Case of Lincolnshire', Economic History Review, 27 (1974), 559, 563; Thompson, 'Business and Landed elites', 139-141.
238. C. G. A. Clay, 'Henry Hoare, Banker, his Family and the Stourhead Estate' in Thompson (ed.) Landowners, Capitalists, 117; B. A. Holderness, 'The English Land Market in the 18th Century: The Case of Lincolnshire', Economic History Review, 27 (1974), 559, 563; Thompson, 'Business and Landed elites', 139-141.
239. Financial Times 30 November 1996.
240. Financial Times 24 July 1996.