Therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

Volumn 13, Issue SUPPL. 1, 1997, Pages 56-62

  Buckley, Martin J M ^a   Deltenre, Michel ^b,c  

^a CENTRE HOSPITALIER UNIVERSITAIRE DE NICE   (France)

^b Dept Ofimagerie Med Hop Univ E   (Belgium)

^c Clinique de Gastroentérologie   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; BISMUTH; METRONIDAZOLE; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; RANITIDINE BISMUTH CITRATE; SUCRALFATE;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; DRUG EFFICACY; GRAM NEGATIVE INFECTION; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HUMAN; LABORATORY; SHORT SURVEY;

EID: 0030800291     PISSN: 02671379     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Short Survey

References (92)

1. Labenz J, Tillenburg B, Peitz U, Idström JP, Verdú EF, Stolte M, Börsch G, Blum AL: Helicobacter pylori augments the pH-increasing effect of omeprazole in patients with duodenal ulcer. Gastroenterology 1996, 110:725-732. Eradication of H. pylori reduces the pH-increasing effect of omeprazole.
2. Verdú EF, Armstrong D, Idström JP, Labenz J, Stolte M, Börsch G, Blum AL: Intra-gastric pH during treatment with omeprazole: role of Helicobacter pylori and H. pylori-associated gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996, 31:1151-1156. The increased pH after omeprazole observed in H. pylori positive subjects is a direct effect of the bacterium and not due to the associated gastritis.
3. Graham DY, Genta R, Evans DG, Reddy R, Clarridge JE, Olson CA, Edmonds AL, Siepman N: Helicobacter pylori does not migrate from the antrum to the corpus in response to omeprazole. Am J Gastroenterol 1996, 91:2120-2124. Disputes the theory that PPIs cause migration of the infection from the antrum to the corpus.
4. Logan RP: The chemotherapeutic effects of H+/K+ inhibitors on Helicobacter pylori infection. Pharmacol Ther 1996, 69:79-83.
5. Goddard AF, Spiller RC: The effect of omeprazole on gastric juice viscosity, pH and bacterial counts. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996, 10:105-109. Clarifies the relationship between proton pump inhibitors and the viscosity and pH of gastric juice. Reduced viscosity may improve penetration of antibiotics into gastric juice.
6. Veldhuyzen van Zanten SJ, Pollak PT, Kapoor H, Yeung PK: Effect of omeprazole on movement of intravenously administered metronidazole into gastric juice and its significance in treatment of Helicobacter pylori. Dig Dis Sci 1996, 41:1845-1852. Omeprazole (via increased pH) reduces metronidazole concentrations in gastric juice after intravenous dosing.
7. Goddard AF, Jessa MJ, Barrett DA, Shaw N, Idström JP, Cederberg C, Spiller RC: Effect of omeprazole on the distribution of metronidazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin in human gastric juice. Gastroenterology 1996, 111:358-367. Documents the effects of omeprazole on intravenously administered antibiotics.
8. Sheu BS, Yang HB, Su IJ, Lin XZ: A three-day course of intravenous omeprazole plus antibiotics for H. pylori-positive bleeding duodenal ulcer. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A32.
9. McColm AA, McLaren A, Klinkert G, Francis MR, Connolly PC, Grinham CJ, Campbell CJ , Selway S, Williamson R: Ranitidine bismuth citrate: a novel anti-ulcer agent with different physicochemical characteristics and improved biological activity to a bismuth citrate-ranitidine admixture. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996, 10:241-250.
10. Koch KM, Kerr BM, Gooding AE, Davis IM: Pharmacokinetics of bismuth and ranitidine following multiple doses of ranitidine bismuth citrate. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1996, 42:207-211.
11. Ciociola AA, Webb DD, Heath A, Walsh JH: Effects of ranitidine bismuth citrate on gastric acid secretion and gastrin release in subjects with and without Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996, 10:905-912.
12. Tillman LA, Drake FM, Dixon JS, Wood JR: Safety of bismuth in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases [Review]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996, 10:459-467.
13. Graham DY, Walsh JH, Schubert TT, Lanza FL, Peura DA, Peterson W, Riff DS, Yardley J, Ciociola AA, Kong S, Webb DD: Short term treatment with ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) improves H. pylori gastritis in the antrum and corpus. Gut 1996, 38(suppl 1):A24.
14. Tanaka S, Guth PH, Paulsen G, Kaunitz JD: Gastroprotective effect of ranitidine bismuth citrate is associated with increased mucus bismuth concentration in rats. Gut 1996, 39:164-171. Interesting animal study showing that gastric juice bismuth concentrations after RBC administration are significantly increased by indomethacin.
15. Banerjee S, El-Omar E, Mowat A, Ardill JES, Park RHR, Watson W, Beattie AD, McColl KEL: Sucralfate suppresses Helicobacter pylori infection and reduces gastric acid secretion by 50% in patients with duodenal ulcer. Gastroenterotogy 1996, 110:717-724. Sucralfate reduces H. pylori density by 70%, gastric urease activity by 80%, and gastrin releasing peptide-stimulated acid secretion by 44% in duodenal ulcer patients.
16. Pounder RE: Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal secretory function [Editorial]. Gastroenterotogy 1996, 110:947-949. Excellent editorial summarizing the relationship between H. pylori infection, gastric acid secretion and various therapeutic agents.
17. Slomiany B, Piotrowski J, Majka J, Slomiany A: Sucralfate affects the susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to antimicrobial agents. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995, 30(suppl 2):82-84.
18. Korman MG: Helicobacter pylori eradication: Therapy other than with bismuth or proton pump inhibitors. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996, 31(suppl 2):41-43.
19. Unge P, Berstad A: Pooled analysis of anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment regimens. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996, 31 (suppl 220):27-40. An extensive meta-analysis of the various regimens used to eradicate H. pylori.
20. Axon AT, Moayyedi P: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori: omeprazole in combination with antibiotics. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996, 31 (suppl 215):82-89. Interesting review of the role of PPIs in eradication of H. pylori and the possible causes of treatment failure.
21. Chiba N: Omeprazole and clarithromycin with and without metronidazole for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Am J Gastroenterol 1996, 91:2139-2143.
22. Phull PS, Price AB, Halliday D, Jacyna MR: Lansoprazole plus clarithromycin: evaluation of a new dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Br J Clin Pract 1996, 50:360-362.
23. Takimoto T, Kimura K, Taniguchi Y, Satoh K, Saifuku K, Kihira K, Yoshida Y, Ido K: Dual therapy with lansoprazole and clarithromycin for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995. 7 (suppl 1):S63-S66.
24. Bayerdörffer E, Schulz H, Simon T, Höchter W, Weingart J, Porst H, Bästlein E, Manner GA, Sommer A, Klein M et al.: Double-blind trial of lansoprazole+amoxicillin vs. lansoprazole+clarithromycin for cure of Helicobacter pylori infection in duodenal ulcer patients. Gastroenterology 1996, 110:A60.
25. Adamek RJ, Bethke T and the International Pantoprazole Helicobacter pylori (HP) Study Group: One-week modified triple vs. two-weeks dual therapy with pantoprazole for cure of H. pylori infection. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A38.
26. Hunt RH: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Med 1996, 100 (suppl 5A):42S-51S. Review of management strategies for H. pylori infection and discusses the synergistic effect between PPIs and antibiotics.
27. Schutze K, Hentschel E, Hirschl AM: Clarithromycin or amoxycillin plus high-dose ranitidine in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-positive functional dyspepsia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996, 8:41-46.
28. Hultén K, Engstrand L: Acquired and persistent macrolide resistance in patients treated with clarithromycin. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A8.
29. Cayla R: How to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1996, 20:S119-S130.
30. Peterson WL, Ciociola AA, Sykes DL, McSorley DJ, Webb DD: Ranitidine bismuth citrate plus clarithromycin is effective for healing duodenal ulcers, eradicating H. pylori and reducing ulcer recurrence. RBC H. pylori Study Group. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996, 10:251-261.
31. Wyeth JW, Pounder RE, Duggan AE, O'Morain CA, Schaufelberger HD, DeKoster EH, Rauws EA, Bardhan KD, Gilvarry J, Buckley MJ et al.: The safety and efficacy of ranitidine bismuth citrate in combination with antibiotics for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996, 10:623-630.
32. Ciociola M, Webb DD, Turner K: Dual and triple therapy regimens of antisecretory agents and antibiotics for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: an overview. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996, 31 (supp1 218):3-9.
33. Axon ATR, Ireland A, Smith MJL, Roopram PD: Ranitidine bismuth citrate and clarithromycin twice daily in eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997, 11:81-87. A large double-blind, randomized study showing that RBC (4 weeks) plus clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily or 250 mg four times daily) (2 weeks) eradicates H. pylori in >90% of patients (by per-protocol analysis).
34. Lanza F, Ciociola AA, Sykes DL, Heath A, McSorley DJ, Webb DD: Ranitidine bismuth citrate plus clarithromycin is effective in eradicating Helicobacter pylori, healing duodenal ulcers, and preventing ulcer relapse. Gastroenterology 1996, 110:A172.
35. Bardhan KD, Wurzer H, Marcelino M, Jahnsen J, Lotay N: High cure rates with ranitidine bismuth citrate (Pylorid) plus clarithromycin given twice daily. Gut 1996, 39 (suppl 2):A36.
36. Williams M, Sercombe J, Pounder RE: Ranitidine bismuth citrate plus clarithromycin and tetracycline: A seven-day Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen. Gut 1997, 40(suppl 1):A5.
37. van der Hulst RWM, Keller JJ, Rauws EAJ, Tytgat GNJ: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: A review of the world literature. Helicobacter 1996, 1:6-19. Review of currently available treatments for H. pylori infection.
38. Chiba N, Hunt RH: Bismuth, metronidazole and tetracycline (BMT) acid suppression in H. pylori eradication: A meta-analysis. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A36.
39. Lerang F, Mourn B, Haug JB, Tolas P, Breder O, Aubert E, Hoie O, SobergT, Flaaten B, Farup P, Berge T: Highly effective twice-daily triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease: does in vitro metronidazole resistance have any clinical relevance? Am J Gastroenterol 1997, 92:248-253. Metronidazole resistance significantly reduces the efficacy of a 10-day course of omeprazole, metronidazole and amoxicillin.
40. Midolo PD, Korman MG, Turnidge JD, Lambert JR: Helicobacter pylori resistance to tetracycline. Lancet 1996, 347:1194-1195.
41. Bell GD: Duodenal ulcer trials reported at the European Helicobacter pylori study group workshop, Edinburgh, 1995 [Conference report]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996, 10:49-54.
42. Labenz J, Stolte M, Peitz U, Tillenburg B, Becker T, Borsch G: One-week triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxycillin and either clarithromycin or metronidazole for cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996, 10:207-210.
43. Goddard AF, Spiller RC: Helicobacter pylori eradication in clinical practice: one-week low-dose triple therapy is preferable to classical bismuth based triple therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996, 10:1009-1013.
44. Tursi A, Cammarota G, Montalto M, Papa A, Veneto G, Cuoco L, Trua F, Branca G, Fedeli G, Gasbarrini G: Low-dose omeprazole plus clarithromycin and either tinidazole or amoxycillin for Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996, 10:285-288.
45. Lind T, Veldhuyzen van Zanten SJO, Unge P, Spiller RC, Bayerdorffer E, O'Morain C, Bardhan KD, Bradette M, Chiba N, Wrangstadh M: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori using one-week triple therapies combining omeprazole with two antimicrobials. The MACH 1 Study. Helicobacter 1996, 1:138-144. A large (n=787) multicentre trial confirming the efficacy of PPI-based triple therapies.
46. Misiewicz JJ, Harris AW, Bardham KD, Levi S, Langworthy H: One week low-dose triple therapy for eradication of H. pylori: a large multicentre, randomised trial. Gut 1996, 38(suppl 1):A1.
47. Catalano F, Privitera U, Branciforte G, Catanzaro R, Bentivegna C, Brogna A, Blasi A: Omeprazole vs. two different doses of lansoprazole in triple therapy on H. pylori positive duodenal ulcer. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A32.
48. Burette A, Lamy V, Ramdani B, Cappelli J, DePrez C, Glupczynski Y: Lansoprazole (30 mg OD vs. BID) with amoxicillin and clarithromycin to cure Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A33.
49. Bardhan KD: Triple therapy as a cure for Helicobacter pylori infection. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996, 8(suppl 1):S27-S30.
50. Goh KL, Navaratnam P, Peh SC, Wong NW, Chuah SY, Rahman NA, Lo YL: Helicobacter pylori eradication with short-term therapy leads to duodenal ulcer healing without the need for continued acid suppression therapy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996, 8:421-424. Eradication of H. pylori promotes primary duodenal ulcer healing.
51. Buckley M, O'Morain C: Helicobacter pylori eradication: A surrogate marker for duodenal ulcer healing. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996, 8:415-416.
52. Misiewicz JJ, Harris AW, Bardhan KD, Levi S: One week low-dose H. pylori eradication therapy heals 90% of duodenal ulcers. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A34.
53. Bell GD, Bate CM, Axon AT, Tildesley G, Martin JL, Taylor MD, Richardson PD: Symptomatic and endoscopic duodenal ulcer relapse rates 12 months following Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment with omeprazole and amoxycillin with or without metronidazole. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996, 10:637-644.
54. Misiewicz JJ, Harris AW, Bardhan KD, Levi S: Over 95% of patients remain H. pylori negative 6 months after one week low-dose eradication therapy. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A34.
55. Lambert RJ: Pharmacology of the gastric mucosa: A rational approach to Helicobacter polytherapy [Editorial]. Gastroenterology 1996, 111:521-523.
56. McGowan CC, Cover TL, Blaser MJ: Helicobacter pylori and gastric acid: biological and therapeutic implications. Gastroenterology 1996, 110:926-938. Discusses the pH homeostatic mechanisms of enteric bacteria and how H. pylori has adapted to survive in the gastric environment.
57. 2-receptor antagonists for Helicobacter pylori eradication - a meta-analysis. Lancet 1996, 347:763.
58. Saccà N, De Medici A, Rodinò S, De Siena M, Giglio A: Duodenal ulcer Helicobacter pylori (HP) positive: Therapy with ranitidine (R)+clarithromycine (C)+metronidazole (M) vs. omeprazole (O)+claritnromycine+metronidazole. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A34.
59. Moayyedi P, Tompkins DS, Ragunathan PL, Axon ATR: Relevance of metronidazole resistance in predicting failure of omeprazole, clarithromycin and tinidazole to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A6.
60. Midolo PD, Turnidge J, Lambert JR, Bell JM: Validation of a modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method for metronidazole susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis 1995, 21:135-140.
61. Midolo PD, Lambert JR, Bell JM, Turnidge JD, Grayson ML: Susceptibility test medium affects detection of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A12.
62. Shortridge D, Flamm RK, Beyer J, Graham D, Versalovic J, Tanaka SK: Comparison of susceptibility testing methods for clarithromycin MIC determinations of Helicobacter pylori. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A13.
63. Alarcón T, Domingo D, Sanchez I, Sanz JC, López-Brea M: Susceptibility to metronidazole and clarithromycin amongst Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates from the same patient. Gut 1996, 39 (suppl 2):A12.
64. McLaren A, Donnelly C: Degrees of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A5.
65. Weel JF, van der Hulst RW, Gerrits Y, Tytgat GN, van der Ende A, Dankert J: Heterogeneity in susceptibility to metronidazole among Helicobacter pylori isolates from patients with gastritis or peptic ulcer disease. J Clin Microbiol 1996, 34:2158-2162. Metronidazole-susceptible and resistant strains of H. pylori coexist in patients before antibiotic therapy suggesting that 'acquired' resistance may be due to selection.
66. Graham DY, de Boer WA, Tytgat GN: Choosing the best anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy: effect of antimicrobial resistance. Am J Gastroenterol 1996, 91:1072-1076. As in other infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance should be an important consideration when prescribing treatment for H. pylori infection.
67. Xia HX, Buckley M, Keane CT, O'Morain C: Clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori: prevalence in untreated dyspeptic patients and stability in vitro. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996, 37:473-481. Demonstrates that 45% of clarithromycin-resistant strains revert to susceptibility after two to five subcultures.
68. Megraud F, Camou-Juncas C, Occhialini A, Birac C: Helicobacter pylori resistance levels to clarithromycin remain stable. Gastroenterology 1996, 110:A192.
69. Harris A, Misiewicz JJ: Treating Helicobacter pylori - the best is yet to come? Gut 1996, 39:781-783.
70. Bouchard S, Birac C, Lamouliatte H, Forestier S, Megraud F: Correlation between the MICs of metronidazole on Helicobacter pylori strains and the outcome of a lansoprazole-amoxicillin-metronidazole therapy. Gut 1996, 39 (suppl 2):A6.
71. Peitz U, Nusch A, Tillenburg B, Stolte M, Börsch G, Labenz J: High cure rate of H. pylori (HP) infection by one-week therapy with omeprazole (Ome), metronidazole (Met) and clarithromycin (Cla) despite a negative impact by Met resistance. Gut 1996, 39 (suppl 2):A5.
72. Georgopoulos S, Mentis A, Karatapanis S: Comparison of the efficacy of two short-term triple therapies based on clarithromycin in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (HP): a randomised study. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A34.
73. Ching CK, Leung KP, Yung RWH, Lam SK, Wong BCY, Lai KC, Lai CL: Prevalence of metronidazole resistant Helicobacter pylori strains among Chinese peptic ulcer disease patients and normal controls in Hong Kong. Gut 1996, 38:675-678.
74. Lamouliatte H, Talbi P, Cayla R, Megraud F: Randomised study comparing two seven days triple therapies with lansoprazole and low dose of clarithromycin plus amoxicillin or tinidazole for H. pylori eradication. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A35.
75. Tompkins D, Perkin J, Smith C: Association of clarithromycin sensitivity test results with eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A12.
76. Goddard AF, Logan RP: Antimicrobial resistance and Helicobacter pylori. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996, 37:639-643.
77. De Boer WA: How to achieve a near 100% cure rate for H. pylori infection in peptic ulcer patients-A personal viewpoint. J Clin Gastroenterol 1996, 22:313-316. Outlines how to improve patient compliance with anti-H. pylori treatment.
78. De Boer WA, van Etten RJ, Schado RW, Ouwehand ME, Schneeberger PM, Tytgat GN: 4-day lansoprazole quadruple therapy: a highly effective cure for Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1996, 91:1778-1782.
79. Borody TJ, Shortis NP, Chongnan J, Reyes E, O'Shea JE: Eradication failure (EF) after H. pylori treatment-further therapies. Gastroenterology 1996, 110:A67.
80. Di Mario F, Interdisciplinary Group for Ulcer Study: Helicobacter pylori infection; triple or quadruple therapy with omeprazole or ranitidine in patients with active duodenal ulcer. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A35.
81. Hu WHC, Lam SK, Ching CK: New prospects in Helicobacter pylori eradication. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995, 210(suppl):89-91.
82. Megraud F, Darmaillac V, Brugmann D: Helicobacter pylori et azithromycine. Pathologie Biologie 1995, 43:555-560.
83. Caselli M, Ruina M, Gallerani L, Fabbri P, Gaudenzi P: Azithromycin and increasing doses of omeprazole for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Gut 1996, 39(suppl 2):A31.
84. Bertoni G, Sassatelli R, Nigrisoli E, Tansini P, Bianchi G, Della Casa G, Bagni A, Bedogni G: Triple therapy with azithromycin, omeprazole, and amoxicillin is highly effective in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: a controlled trial vs. omeprazole plus amoxicillin. Am J Gastroenterol 1996, 91:258-263. A controlled trial showing the efficacy (91 % eradication) of azithromycin in a PPI triple therapy.
85. Cammarota G, Tursi A, Papa A, Montalto M, Veneto G, Cuoco L, Fedeli G, Gasbarrini G: Helicobacter pylori eradication using one-week low-dose lansoprazole plus amoxycillin and either clarithromycin or azithromycin. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996, 10:997-1000.
86. Michetti P, Wadstrom T, Kraehenbuhl JP, Lee A, Kreiss C, Blum AL: Frontiers in Helicobacter pylori research: pathogenesis, host response, vaccine development and new therapeutic approaches. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996, 8:717-722.
87. Miehlke S, Reddy R, Osato MS, Ward PP, Conneely OM, Graham DY: Direct activity of recombinant human lactoferrin against Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Microbiol 1996, 34:2593-2594.
88. Xia HHX, Talley NJ: Prospects for improved therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. Exp Opin Invest Drugs 1996, 5:959-976. Detailed review of anti-H. pylori treatments, causes of treatment failure and alternative therapeutic agents.
89. Alder JD, Ewing PJ, Mitten MJ, Oleksijew A, Tanaka SK: Relevance of the ferret model of Helicobacler-induced gastritis to evaluation of antibacterial therapies. Am J Gastroenterol 1996, 91:2347-2354.
90. Soll AH and the Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology: Medical treatment of peptic ulcer disease: practice guidelines. JAMA 1996, 275:622-629.
91. Buckley M, Culhane A, Drumm B, Keane C, Moran AP, O'Connor H, Collins J, Kelleher D, McAvinchey D, Sloan J, O'Morain C: Guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori-related upper gastrointestinal diseases. Ir J Med Sci 1997, 165:1-13.
92. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain C, Bell D, Porro GB, Deltenre M, Forman D, Gasbarrini G, Jaup B, Misiewicz JJ et al.: Current European concepts in the management of H. pylori infection - the Maastricht Consensus Report. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997, 9:1-2.