Analysis of EPSCs and IPSCs carrying rhythmic, locomotor-related information in the isolated spinal cord of the neonatal rat

Journal of Neurophysiology

Volumn 78, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 1851-1859

  Raastad, Morten ^a   Johnson, Bruce R ^b   Kiehn, Ole ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; COMPUTER ANALYSIS; EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL; INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL; INTERNEURON; LOCOMOTION; NEWBORN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SPINAL CORD; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION;

EID: 0030766842     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1997.78.4.1851     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. ARANCIO, O., KORN, H., GULYAS, A., FREUND, T., AND MILES, R. Excitatory synaptic connections onto rat hippocampal inhibitory cells may involve a single transmitter release site. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 481: 395-405, 1994.
2. BLANTON, M. G., Lo TURCO, J. J., AND KRIEGSTEIN, A. R. Whole cell recording from neurons in slices of reptilian and mammalian cerebral cortex. J. Neurosci. Methods 30: 203-210, 1989.
3. BEKKERS, J. M., RICHERSON, G. B., AND STEVENS, C. F. Origin of variability in quantal size in cultured hippocampal neurons and hippocampal slices. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 5359-5362, 1990.
4. BIANCHI, A. L., DENAVIT-SAUBIE, M., AND CHAMPAGNAT, J. Central control of breathing in mammals: neural circuitry, membrane properties, and neurotransmitters. Physiol. Rev. 75: 1-45, 1995.
5. BROWN, T. G. The intrinsic factors in the act of progression in the mammal. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 84: 308-319, 1911.
6. CARR, P. A., HUANG, A., NOGA, B. R., AND JORDAN, L. M. Cytochemical characteristics of cat neurons activated during fictive locomotion. Brain Res. Bull. 37: 213-218, 1995.
7. CAZALETS, J.-R., BORDE, M., AND CLARAC, F. The synaptic drive from the spinal locomotor network to motoneurons in the newborn rat. J. Neurosci. 16: 298-306, 1995.
8. CAZALETS, J. R., SQALLI-HOUSSAINI, Y., AND CLARAC, F. Activation of the central pattern generators for locomotion by serotonin and excitatory amino acids in neonatal rat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 455: 187-204, 1992.
9. CLAMANN, H. P., HENNEMAN, E., LÜSCHER, H.-R. AND MATHIS, J. Structural and topographical influences on functional connectivity in spinal monosynaptic reflex arcs in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 358: 483-507, 1985.
10. COWLEY, K. C. AND SCHMIDT, B. J. A comparison of motor patterns induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate, acetylcholine and serotonin in the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord. Neurosci. Lett. 171: 147-150, 1994.
11. EDWARDS, F. A., KONNERT, A., SAKMANN, B., AND TAKAHASHI T. A thin slice preparation for patch clamp recordings from neurones of the mammalian central system. Pflügers Arch. 414: 600-612, 1989.
12. GRILLNER, S. Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods, and fish. In: Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System. Motor Control. Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1981, sect. 1, vol. II, p. 1179-1236.
13. GULYÀS, A. I., MILES, R., TÒTH, K., SIK, A., AND FREUND, T. F. Hippocampal pyramidal cells excite inhibitory neurons via single release site. Nature 366: 683-687, 1993.
14. HESSLER, N. A., SHIRKE, A. M., AND MALINOW, R. The probability of transmitter release at a mammalian central synapse. Nature 366: 569-572, 1993.
15. JANKOWSKA, E., JUKES, M. G., LUND, S., AND LUNDBERG, A. The effect of DOPA on the spinal cord. V. Reciprocal organization of pathways transmitting excitatory action to alpha motoneurones of flexors and extensors. Acta Physiol. Scand. 70: 369-388, 1967.
16. JONES, M. V. AND WESTBROOK, G. L. The impact of receptor desensitization on fast synaptic transmission. Trends Neurosci. 19: 96-101, 1996.
17. JORDAN, L. M. Factors determining motoneuron rhythmicity during fictive locomotion. In: Neural Origin of Rhythmic Movements, Soc. Exp. Biol. Symp., 37, edited by A. Roberts and B. L. Roberts. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1983, p. 423-444.
18. KIEHN, O., HOUNSGAARD, J., AND SILLAR, K. T. Basic buildings blocks of vertebrate central pattern generators. In: Neurons, Networks and Motor Behavior, edited by P.S.G. Stein, S. Grillner, A. Sleverston, and D. G. Stuart, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997, p. 47-59.
19. KIEHN, O., JOHNSON, B. R., AND RAASTAD, M. Plateau properties in mammalian spinal interneurons during transmitter-induced locomotor activity. Neuroscience 75: 263-273. 1996.
20. KIEHN, O. AND KJAERULFF, O. Spatiotemporal characteristics of 5-HT and dopamine-induced hindlimb locomotor activity in the in vitro neonatal rat. J. Neurophysiol. 75: 1472-1482, 1996.
21. KJAERULFF, O., BARAJON, I., AND KIEHN, O. Distribution of sulforhodamine labelled cells in the neonatal rat spinal cord following chemically induced locomotor activity in vitro. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 478: 265-273, 1994.
22. KJAERULFF, O. AND KIEHN, O. Distribution of networks generating and coordinating locomotor activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro. A lesion study. J. Neurosci. 16: 5777-5794, 1996.
23. KUDO, N. AND YAMADA, T. N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced locomotor activity in a spinal cord-hindlimb muscles preparation of the newborn rat studied in vitro. Neurosci. Lett. 75: 43-48, 1987.
24. LUNDBERG, A. Multisensory control of spinal reflex pathways. In: Reflex Control of Posture and Movement, edited by R. Granit and O. Pompeiano. Amsterdam: Elsevier Biomedical Press, 1979, p. 11-28.
25. MARDER, E. AND CALABRESE, R. L. Principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation. Physiol. Rev. 76: 687-717, 1996.
26. MENDELL, L. M. AND HENNEMAN, E. Terminals of single Ia fibers: location density, and distribution within a pool of 300 homonymous motoneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 34: 171-187, 1970.
27. MULLONEY, B. AND PERKEL, D. H. The role of synthetic models in the study of central pattern generators. In: Neural Control of Rhythmic Movements Tin Vertebrates, edited by A. H. Cohen, S. Rossignol and S. Grillner. New York: John Wiley, 1988, p. 415-453.
28. NEHER, E. Voltage offsets in patch-clamp experiments. In: Single Channel Recording, edited by B. Sakmann and E. Neher. New York: Plenum Press, 1995, p. 147-153.
29. PEARSON, K. G. AND D. F. COLLINS. Reversal of the influence of group Ib afferents from plantaris on activity in medial gastrocnemius muscle during locomotor activity. J. Neurophysiol. 70: 1009-1017, 1993.
30. PERKEL, D. H. AND MULLONEY, B. Motor pattern production in reciprocally inhibitory neurons exhibiting postinhibitory rebound. Science 185: 181-183, 1974.
31. PERRET, C. Centrally generated pattern of motoneuron activity during locomotion in the cat. In: Neural Origin of Rhythmic Movements. Soc. Exp. Biol. Symp., 37, edited by A. Roberts and B. L. Roberts. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge, 1983, p. 405-422.
32. RAASTAD, M., STORM, J. F., AND ANDERSEN, P. Putative single quantum and single fibre excitatory postsynaptic currents show similar amplitude range and variability in rat hippocampal slices. Eur. J. Neurosci. 4: 113-117, 1992.
33. RAASTAD, M., JOHNSON, B. R., AND KIEHN, O. The number of single postsynaptic currents necessary to produce locomotor-related cyclic information in neurons in the neonatal rat spinal cord. Neuron 17: 729-738, 1996.
34. ROSENMUND, C., CLEMENTS, J. D., AND WESTBROOK, G. L. Nonuniform probability of glutamate release at a hippocampal synapse. Science 262: 754-757, 1993.
35. ROSSIGNOL, S. Neural control of stereotypic limb movements. In: Handbook of Physiology. Exercise. Regulation and Integration of Multiple Systems. Washington, DC: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1996, sect. 12, p. 173-216.
36. RUSSELL, D. F. AND WALLEN, P. On the control of myotomal motoneurons during "fictive swimming" in the lamprey spinal cord in vitro. Acta Physiol. Scand. 117: 161-170, 1983.
37. SHARP, A. A., SKINNER, F. K., AND MARDER, E. Mechanisms of oscillation in dynamic clamp constructed two-cell half-center circuits. J. Neurophysiol. 76: 867-883, 1996.
38. SMITH, J. C. AND FELDMAN, J. L. In vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparations for study of motor systems for mammalian respiration and locomotion. J. Neurosci. Methods 21: 321-33, 1987.
39. WANG, X.-J. AND RINZEL, J. Alternating and synchronous rhythms in reciprocally inhibitory model neurons. Neural Comp. 4: 84-97, 1992.