메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 102, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 1707-1715

Area-average rainfall and lightning activity

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONVECTIVE CLOUD; LIGHTNING; RAINFALL; STATISTICAL RELATIONSHIP;

EID: 0030715696     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96jd02972     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (54)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 0025255805 scopus 로고
    • The estimation of convective rainfall by area integrals, 1, the theoretical and empirical basis
    • Atlas, D., D. Rosenfeld, and D. A. Short, The estimation of convective rainfall by area integrals, 1, The theoretical and empirical basis, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 2153-2160, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 2153-2160
    • Atlas, D.1    Rosenfeld, D.2    Short, D.A.3
  • 2
    • 0023519728 scopus 로고
    • Relation between measured radar reflectivity and surface rainfall
    • Austin, P. M., Relation between measured radar reflectivity and surface rainfall, Mon. Weather Rev., 115, 1053-1070, 1987.
    • (1987) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 1053-1070
    • Austin, P.M.1
  • 3
    • 0002769961 scopus 로고
    • Some factors governing precipitation and lightning from convective clouds
    • Battan. L. J., Some factors governing precipitation and lightning from convective clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 79-84, 1965.
    • (1965) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 79-84
    • Battan, L.J.1
  • 4
    • 0041423629 scopus 로고
    • La catastrophe de Vaison-la-Romaine et les violentes précipitations de septembre 1992: Aspects météorologiques
    • Bénech, B., H. Brunet, V. Jacq, M. Payen, J. C. Rivrain, and P. Santurette, La catastrophe de Vaison-la-Romaine et les violentes précipitations de septembre 1992: Aspects météorologiques, Meteorologie, 8, 72-90, 1993.
    • (1993) Meteorologie , vol.8 , pp. 72-90
    • Bénech, B.1    Brunet, H.2    Jacq, V.3    Payen, M.4    Rivrain, J.C.5    Santurette, P.6
  • 6
    • 0022172278 scopus 로고
    • The June 22 tropical squall line observed during Copt 81 experiment: Electrical signature associated with dynamical structure and precipitation
    • Chauzy, S., M. Chong, A. Delannoy, and S. Despiau, The June 22 tropical squall line observed during Copt 81 experiment: Electrical signature associated with dynamical structure and precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6091-6098, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 6091-6098
    • Chauzy, S.1    Chong, M.2    Delannoy, A.3    Despiau, S.4
  • 7
    • 5244291093 scopus 로고
    • A review of program ARAMIS
    • (seminar on COST Project 73), edited by C. G. Collier and A. Chapuis, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass.
    • Chèze, J. L., A review of program ARAMIS, in Weather Radar Networking (seminar on COST Project 73), edited by C. G. Collier and A. Chapuis, pp. 81-85, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., 1990.
    • (1990) Weather Radar Networking , pp. 81-85
    • Chèze, J.L.1
  • 8
    • 84905411724 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation de l'apport des données foudre pour l'identification et le suivi des systèmes convectifs
    • Météo-France, Toulouse
    • Chèze, J. L., Evaluation de l'apport des données foudre pour l'identification et le suivi des systèmes convectifs, CNRM Rep., 16, 50 pp., Météo-France, Toulouse, 1993.
    • (1993) CNRM Rep. , vol.16
    • Chèze, J.L.1
  • 9
    • 0003013234 scopus 로고
    • Estimating areal rainfall from rain area
    • edited by J. S. Theon and N. Fugono, A. Deepak, Hampton, Va.
    • Chiu, L. S., Estimating areal rainfall from rain area, in Tropical Rainfall Measurements, edited by J. S. Theon and N. Fugono, pp. 361-367, A. Deepak, Hampton, Va., 1988.
    • (1988) Tropical Rainfall Measurements , pp. 361-367
    • Chiu, L.S.1
  • 11
    • 84948614448 scopus 로고
    • Severe convective weather in the context of a nighttime global warming
    • Dessens, J., Severe convective weather in the context of a nighttime global warming, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1241-1244, 1995.
    • (1995) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 1241-1244
    • Dessens, J.1
  • 12
    • 0021640686 scopus 로고
    • The area-time integral as an indicator for convective rain volumes
    • Doneaud, A. A., S. I. Niscov, D. L. Priegnitz, and P. L. Smith, The area-time integral as an indicator for convective rain volumes, J. Appl. Meteor., 23, 555-561, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.23 , pp. 555-561
    • Doneaud, A.A.1    Niscov, S.I.2    Priegnitz, D.L.3    Smith, P.L.4
  • 13
    • 0024794606 scopus 로고
    • The electrification of New Mexico thunderstorms, 1, Relationship between precipitation development and the onset of electrification
    • Dye, J. E., W. P. Winn, J. J. Jones, and D. W. Breed, The electrification of New Mexico thunderstorms, 1, Relationship between precipitation development and the onset of electrification, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8643-8656, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 8643-8656
    • Dye, J.E.1    Winn, W.P.2    Jones, J.J.3    Breed, D.W.4
  • 14
    • 0022831653 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in mesoscale convective complexes
    • Goodman, S. J., and D. R. MacGorman, Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in mesoscale convective complexes, Mon. Weather Rev., 114, 2320-2328, 1986.
    • (1986) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 2320-2328
    • Goodman, S.J.1    MacGorman, D.R.2
  • 15
    • 0024233879 scopus 로고
    • Lightning and precipitation history of a microburst-producing storm
    • Goodman, S. J., D. E. Buechler, P. D. Wright, and D. W. Rust, Lightning and precipitation history of a microburst-producing storm, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1185-1188, 1988.
    • (1988) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.15 , pp. 1185-1188
    • Goodman, S.J.1    Buechler, D.E.2    Wright, P.D.3    Rust, D.W.4
  • 16
    • 0017957852 scopus 로고
    • Iterative correction for attenuation of 5 cm radar in rain
    • Hildebrand, P. H., Iterative correction for attenuation of 5 cm radar in rain, J. Appl. Meteorol., 17, 508-514, 1978.
    • (1978) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.17 , pp. 508-514
    • Hildebrand, P.H.1
  • 17
    • 11744300504 scopus 로고
    • The life cycle of lightning and severe weather in a 3-4 June 1985 PRE-STORM mesoscale convective system
    • Holle, R. L., A. I. Watson, R. E. Lopez, D. R. MacGorman, R. Ortiz, and W. D. Otto, The life cycle of lightning and severe weather in a 3-4 June 1985 PRE-STORM mesoscale convective system, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 1798-1808, 1994.
    • (1994) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 1798-1808
    • Holle, R.L.1    Watson, A.I.2    Lopez, R.E.3    MacGorman, D.R.4    Ortiz, R.5    Otto, W.D.6
  • 18
    • 0026269353 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of a severe mesoscale convective system: Cloud-to-ground lightning location and storm structure
    • Keighton, S. J., H. B. Bluestein, and D. R. MacGorman, The evolution of a severe mesoscale convective system: Cloud-to-ground lightning location and storm structure. Mon. Weather Rev., 119, 1533-1556, 1991.
    • (1991) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.119 , pp. 1533-1556
    • Keighton, S.J.1    Bluestein, H.B.2    MacGorman, D.R.3
  • 19
    • 0016050228 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning versus radar reflectivity in Oklahoma thunderstorms
    • Kinzer, G. D., Cloud-to-ground lightning versus radar reflectivity in Oklahoma thunderstorms, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 787-799, 1974.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 787-799
    • Kinzer, G.D.1
  • 20
    • 0016929670 scopus 로고
    • A gated, wideband magnetic direction finder for lightning return strokes
    • Krider, E. P., R. C. Noggle, and M. A. Human, A gated, wideband magnetic direction finder for lightning return strokes. J. Appl. Meteorol., 15, 980-986, 1976.
    • (1976) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.15 , pp. 980-986
    • Krider, E.P.1    Noggle, R.C.2    Human, M.A.3
  • 22
    • 0024783408 scopus 로고
    • Positive cloud-to-ground lightning detection by a direction-finder network
    • MacGorman, D. R., and W. L. Taylor, Positive cloud-to-ground lightning detection by a direction-finder network, J. Geophvs. Res.. 94, 13,313-13,318, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophvs. Res. , vol.94
    • MacGorman, D.R.1    Taylor, W.L.2
  • 23
    • 0028552286 scopus 로고
    • Latitudinal variation of lightning occurrence characteristics
    • Mackerras, D., and M. Darveniza. Latitudinal variation of lightning occurrence characteristics, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,813-10,821, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99
    • Mackerras, D.1    Darveniza, M.2
  • 24
    • 0001256212 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of raindrop with size
    • Marshall, J. S., and W. M. K. Palmer, the distribution of raindrop with size, J. Meteorol., 5, 165-166, 1948.
    • (1948) J. Meteorol. , vol.5 , pp. 165-166
    • Marshall, J.S.1    Palmer, W.M.K.2
  • 25
    • 0004847556 scopus 로고
    • A study of radar echoes and their relation to lightning discharges of thunderclouds in the Hokuriku District, II, Observation and analysis of "single flash" thunderclouds in midwinter
    • Michimoto, K., A study of radar echoes and their relation to lightning discharges of thunderclouds in the Hokuriku District, II, Observation and analysis of "single flash" thunderclouds in midwinter, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 71, 195-204, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. , vol.71 , pp. 195-204
    • Michimoto, K.1
  • 26
    • 0022825638 scopus 로고
    • Global distribution of midnight lightning: September 1977 to August 1978
    • Orville, R. E., and R. W. Henderson, Global distribution of midnight lightning: September 1977 to August 1978, Mon. Weather Rev., 114, 2640-2653, 1986.
    • (1986) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 2640-2653
    • Orville, R.E.1    Henderson, R.W.2
  • 27
    • 0020430124 scopus 로고
    • Lightning and surface rainfall during Florida thunderstorms
    • Piepgrass, M. V., E. P. Krider, and C. B. Moore, Lightning and surface rainfall during Florida thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 11,193-11,201, 1982.
    • (1982) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.87
    • Piepgrass, M.V.1    Krider, E.P.2    Moore, C.B.3
  • 28
    • 0028560171 scopus 로고
    • Possible implications of global climate change on global lightning distributions and frequencies
    • Price, C., and D. Rind, Possible implications of global climate change on global lightning distributions and frequencies, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,823-10,831, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99
    • Price, C.1    Rind, D.2
  • 29
    • 0024849871 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning: Climatological characteristics and relationships to model fields, radar observations and severe local storms
    • Reap, R. M., and D. M. MacGorman, Cloud-to-ground lightning: Climatological characteristics and relationships to model fields, radar observations and severe local storms, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 518-535, 1989.
    • (1989) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 518-535
    • Reap, R.M.1    MacGorman, D.M.2
  • 31
    • 0022025061 scopus 로고
    • VHF-UHF interferometric measurements, applications to lightning discharge mapping
    • Richard, P., and G. Auffray, VHF-UHF interferometric measurements, applications to lightning discharge mapping, Radio Sci., 20, 171-192, 1985.
    • (1985) Radio Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 171-192
    • Richard, P.1    Auffray, G.2
  • 32
    • 0000279691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of application of storm cell electrical activity monitoring to intense precipitation forecast
    • Richard, P., and J. Y. Lojou, Assessment of application of storm cell electrical activity monitoring to intense precipitation forecast, Proc. Int. Conf. Atmos. Elect., 10, 284-287, 1996.
    • (1996) Proc. Int. Conf. Atmos. Elect. , vol.10 , pp. 284-287
    • Richard, P.1    Lojou, J.Y.2
  • 33
    • 0024189811 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in the 10-11 June 1985 mesoscale convective system observed during the Oklahoma-Kansas PRE-STORM Project
    • Rutledge, S. A., and D. R. MacGorman, Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in the 10-11 June 1985 mesoscale convective system observed during the Oklahoma-Kansas PRE-STORM Project, Mon. Weather Rev., 116, 1393-1408, 1988.
    • (1988) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.116 , pp. 1393-1408
    • Rutledge, S.A.1    MacGorman, D.R.2
  • 34
    • 0026454849 scopus 로고
    • The Down under Doppler and Electricity Experiment (DUNDEE): Overview and preliminary results
    • Rutledge, S. A., E. R. Williams, and T. D. Keenan, The Down Under Doppler and Electricity Experiment (DUNDEE): Overview and preliminary results, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 73, 3-16, 1992.
    • (1992) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.73 , pp. 3-16
    • Rutledge, S.A.1    Williams, E.R.2    Keenan, T.D.3
  • 35
    • 0003965671 scopus 로고
    • Artech House, Norwood, Mass.
    • Sauvageot, H., Radarmeteorology, 366 pp., Artech House, Norwood, Mass., 1992.
    • (1992) Radarmeteorology
    • Sauvageot, H.1
  • 36
    • 0028581811 scopus 로고
    • Rainfall measurement by radar: A review
    • Sauvageot, H., Rainfall measurement by radar: A review, Atmos. Res., 35, 27-54, 1994a.
    • (1994) Atmos. Res. , vol.35 , pp. 27-54
    • Sauvageot, H.1
  • 37
    • 0000987867 scopus 로고
    • The probability density function of rain rate and the estimation of rainfall by area integrals
    • Sauvageot, H., The probability density function of rain rate and the estimation of rainfall by area integrals, J. Appl. Meteorol., 33, 1255-1262, 1994b.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.33 , pp. 1255-1262
    • Sauvageot, H.1
  • 38
    • 0029535428 scopus 로고
    • The shape of averaged drop size distributions
    • Sauvageot, H., and J. P. Lacaux, The shape of averaged drop size distributions, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1070-1083, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 1070-1083
    • Sauvageot, H.1    Lacaux, J.P.2
  • 40
    • 0027881157 scopus 로고
    • A study of the threshold method utilizing rain gage data
    • Short, D. A., D. B. Wolff, D. Rosenfeld, and D. Atlas, A study of the threshold method utilizing rain gage data. J. Appl. Meteorol., 32, 1379-1387, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.32 , pp. 1379-1387
    • Short, D.A.1    Wolff, D.B.2    Rosenfeld, D.3    Atlas, D.4
  • 41
    • 0028887089 scopus 로고
    • Observation of thunderstorm by multilevel electric field measurement system and radar
    • Soula, S., H. Sauvageot, M. P. Saïssac, and S. Chauzy, Observation of thunderstorm by multilevel electric field measurement system and radar, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5025-5035, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 5025-5035
    • Soula, S.1    Sauvageot, H.2    Saïssac, M.P.3    Chauzy, S.4
  • 43
    • 0021437925 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale charge separation in thunderclouds
    • Williams, E. R., Large-scale charge separation in thunderclouds. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6013-6025, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 6013-6025
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 44
    • 0024800659 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between lightning type and convective state of thunderclouds
    • Williams, E. R., M. E. Weber, and R. E. Orville, The relationship between lightning type and convective state of thunderclouds. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,213-13,220, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94
    • Williams, E.R.1    Weber, M.E.2    Orville, R.E.3
  • 46
    • 0028590781 scopus 로고
    • Deep cumulonimbus cloud systems in the tropics with and without lightning
    • Zipser, E. J., Deep cumulonimbus cloud systems in the tropics with and without lightning, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 1837-1851, 1994.
    • (1994) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 1837-1851
    • Zipser, E.J.1
  • 47
    • 0028600928 scopus 로고
    • The vertical profile of radar reflectivity of convective cells: A strons indicator of storm intensity and liahtning probability?
    • Zipser, E. J., and K. R. Eutz, The vertical profile of radar reflectivity of convective cells: A strons indicator of storm intensity and liahtning probability?, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 1751-1759, 1994.
    • (1994) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 1751-1759
    • Zipser, E.J.1    Eutz, K.R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.