Prevention of bacterial endocarditis

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 518-522

  Gewitz, Michael H ^a  

^a NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ERYTHROMYCIN; MACROLIDE; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; NONHUMAN; PERSONAL HYGIENE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SKIN CARE;

EID: 0030705137     PISSN: 10408703     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00008480-199710000-00015     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. DelPont JM, DeCicco LT, Vartalitis C, Ithurmalde M, Gallo JP, Vargas F, Giantatonio CA, Quiros R: Infective endocarditis in children: clinical analysis and evaluation of two diagnostic criteria. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995, 14:1079-1086. This paper is useful as an update of the recently derived scoring systems now in practice to assist in diagnosis of infective endocarditis as they apply to pediatric patients.
2. Saiman L, Prince A, Gersony WM: Pediatric infective endocarditis in the modern era. J Pediatr 1993, 122:847-853.
3. Durack DT: Prevention of infective endocarditis. N Engl J Med 1995, 332:38-45. A hallmark article reviewing dicta, dogma, and controversy surrounding endocarditis prophylaxis. An important perspective from a well-respected authority that concisely details the issues involved and provides rational insight at a practical level.
4. Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Wilson W, Bolger AF, Boyer A, Ferrieri P, Gewitz MH, Shulman ST, et al.: Prevention of bacterial endocarditis: recommendations by the American Heart Association. JAMA 1997, 277:1734-1801. This is the policy statement recently issued by the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young of the American Heart Association. This report represents a major revision of the guidelines published in 1990. The paper represents input from pediatric and adult cardiovascular and infectious disease specialists as well as representatives of the American Dental Association and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. In addition to the antibiotic regimen recommended and the suggested procedures and conditions to be covered, the statement also reviews other important related issues such as the mitral valve prolapse controversy and analysis of cases of endocarditis suspected as prophylaxis failures. It is an important reference for those involved both in routine pediatric care and in procedure-oriented practice.
5. Wilson W, Karchmer AW, Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Bayer A, Kaye D, Bisno AL, Ferrieri P, Shulman S, Durack OT: Antibiotic treatment of adults with infective endocarditis due to streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci and HACEK microorganisms. JAMA 1995, 274:1706-1713.
6. Schwarte RE, Lowe DA, Stayer SA, Pasquariello CA, Schlichting CM: Bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis: what is recommended and what is practiced? J Clin Anesth 1994, 6:5-9.
7. Stollerman G: Does antimicrobial prophylaxis for endocarditis really work? Hosp Pract Cap Comm 1992, 16:30-35.
8. Devereux RB, Frary CJ, Kramer-Fox R, Awadallah SM, Kavey RE, Byrum CJ, Smith FC, Kveselis DA, Blackman MS: Cost effectiveness of infective endocarditis prophylaxis for mitral valve prolapse with or without a mitral regurgitant murmur. Am J Cardiol 1994, 74:1024-1029.
9. Danchin N, Briancon S, Mathieu P, Dureux J-B, Voiriot P, Bairati I, Deschamps J-P, Charrier F: Mitral valve prolapse as a risk factor for infective endocarditis. Lancet 1989, 1:743-745.
10. Awadallah SM, Kavey REW, Byrum CJ, Devereux RB, Frary CJ, Kramer-Fox R, Roberts RB, Ruchlin HS: The changing pattern of infective endocarditis in childhood. Am J Cardiol 1991, 68:90-94.
11. Marks AB, Choony CY, Chir MBB, Sanfillipo AJ, Ferve M, Weyman AE: Identification of high-risk and low-risk subgroups of patients with mitral valve prolapse. W Engl J Med 1989, 320:1031-1036.
12. Roberts GJ, Holzel HS, Sury MRJ, Simmons NA, Gardner P, Longhurst P: Dental bacteremia in children. Pediatr Cardiol 1997, 18:24-27. Provocative article delineating bacteremia risks from common dental and hygiene procedures in children. This article is useful as one perspective on the entire issue of prophylaxis for dental procedures.
13. Simmons NA, Cawson RA, Elkyn FJ, et al.: The antiobiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis: recommendations from the Endocarditis Working Part of the British Society for Anti-mlcrobial Chemotherapy. Lancet 1990, 335:88-92.
14. Korzniowski OM, Kaye D: Infective endocarditis. In Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, edn 4. Edited by Braunwald E. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1992:1078.
15. van der Meer JTM, Thompson J, Valkenburgh HA, Michel MF: Epidemiology of bacterial endocarditis in the Netherlands II: antecedent procedures and use of prophylaxis. Arch Intern Med 1992, 152:1869-1875.
16. Kaye E: Prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis: a dilemma. In Infective Endocarditis: An American Heart Association Symposium. Edited by Kaplan EL, Taranta AV. Dallas: American Heart Association; 1977:67.
17. Durack DT: Infective and noninfective endocarditis. In The Heart, Arteries and Veins. Edited by Hurst JW, Schlant RC, Radkley CE. New York: McGraw Hill; 1990:1230.
18. van der Meer JTM, Van Wijk W, Thompson J, Vandenbroucke JP, Valkenburg HA, Michel MF: Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of native-valve endocarditis. Lancet 1992, 339:135-139.
19. Martin JM, Neches WH, Wald ER: Infective endocarditis: 35 years of experience at a Children's Hospital. Clin Infect Dis 1997, 24:669-675. This review represents the most recent large, historically based series of pediatric endocarditis. As such, the data presented confirm earlier reviews of pediatric endocarditis in the modern era and underscore the changing epidemiologic and bacteriologic picture of this disease in childhood. In particular, this report points out the need for heightened vigilance in children with congenital heart disease who develop fever and supports the suggestion that blood cultures be obtained in any such patient before antibiotics are initiated unless a specific focus is readily apparent.
20. Gould IM, Buckingham JK: Cost effectiveness of prophylaxis in dental practice to prevent infective endocarditis. Br Heart J 1993, 70:79-84.
21. Child S: Risks for and prevention of infective endocarditis. Cardiol Clin 1996, 14:327-343. Valuable review of the entire issue of prophylaxis from the perspective of a cardiologist versed in both adult and congenital heart disease issues.
22. Freed MD: Infective endocarditis in the adult with congenital heart disease. Cardiol Clin 1993, 11:589-602.
23. Dodo H, Child JS: Infective endocarditis in congenital heart disease. Cardiol Clin 1996, 14:383-392. Good review of medical and ancillary issues relating to the concepts and theories underlying the rationale for endocarditis prophylaxis. Specific regimens have been updated, however, as referred to elsewhere.
24. Cetta F, Warnes CA: Adults with congenital heart disease: patient knowledge of endocarditis prophylaxis. Mayo Clin Proc 1995, 70:50-54. Interesting and disconcerting evaluation of specific patients' knowledge of their own diseases and need for preventive care. Although this is an adult-focused paper, pediatric health care providers should also be aware of the issues involved.